tutorial_materials
Materials can be applied to most visible 3D objects, they basically are a description to how light reacts to that object. There are many types of materials, but the main ones are the FixedMaterial and ShaderMaterial. Tutorials for each of them exist here (FixedMaterial) and here (ShaderMaterial). This tutorial is about the basic properties shared between them.
Materials, no matter which type they are, have a set of flags associated. Each has a different use and will be explained as follows.
Toggles whether the material is visible. If unchecked, the object will not be shown.
Godot by default only shows geometry faces (triangles) when facing the camera. To do this it needs them to be in view in clockwise order. This saves a lot of GPU power by ensuring that not visible triangles are not drawn. Some flat objects might need to be drawn all the times though, for this the "double sided" flag will make sure that no matter the facing, the triangle will always be drawn. It is also possible to invert this check and draw counter-clockwise looking faces too, though it's not very useful except for a few cases (like drawing outlines).
Objects are always black unless light affects them, and their shading changes according to the type and direction of lights. When this flag is turned on, the diffuse color is displayed right the same as it appears in the texture or parameter:
When this flag is turned on, te object will be drawn after everything else has been drawn and without a depth test. This is generally only useful for HUD effects or gizmos.
When using lightmapping (see the Baked Light tutorial), this option determines that the lightmap should be accessed on the UV2 array instead of regular UV.
Some parameters also exist for controlling drawing and blending:
Objects are usually blended in Mix mode. Other blend modes (Add and Sub) exist for special cases (usually particle effects, light rays, etc) but materials can be set to them:
When drawing lines, the size of them can be adjusted here per material.
This is a tricky but very useful setting. By default, opaque objects are drawn using the depth buffer and translucent objects are not (but are sorted by depth). This behavior can be changed here. The options are:
- Always: Draw objects with depth always, even those with alpha. This often results in glitches like the one in the first image (which is why it's not the default).
- Opaque Only: Draw objects with depth only when they are opaque, and do not se depth for alpha. This is the default because it's fast, but it's not the most correct setting. Objects with transparency that self-intersect will always look wrong, specially those that mix opaque and transparent areas, like grass tree leaves, etc. Objects with transparency also can't cast shadows, this is evident i the second image.
- Alpha Pre-Pass: The same as above, but a depth pass is performed for the opaque areas of objects with transparency. This makes objects with transparency look much more correct. In the third image it is evident how the leaves cast shadows between them and into the floor. This setting is turned off by default because, while on PC this is not very costly, mobile devices suffer a lot when this setting is turned on, so use it with care.
- Never: Never use the depth buffer for this material. This is mostly useful in combination with the "On Top" flag explained above.
(c) Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur, Distributed under the terms of the CC By license.