0x1B. C - Sorting algorithms & Big O

`C` `Algorithm` `Data structure`

Resources

Read or watch:

Sorting algorithm
Big O notation
Sorting algorithms animations
15 sorting algorithms in 6 minutes (* WARNING: The following video can trigger seizure/epilepsy. It is not required for the project, as it is only a funny visualization of different sorting algorithms*)
CS50 Algorithms explanation in detail by David Malan
All about sorting algorithms

Requirements

General

Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
All your files will be compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using gcc, using the options -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89
All your files should end with a new line
A README.md file, at the root of the folder of the project, is mandatory
Your code should use the Betty style. It will be checked using betty-style.pl and betty-doc.pl
You are not allowed to use global variables
No more than 5 functions per file
Unless specified otherwise, you are not allowed to use the standard library. Any use of functions like printf, puts, … is totally forbidden.
In the following examples, the main.c files are shown as examples. You can use them to test your functions, but you don’t have to push them to your repo (if you do we won’t take them into account). We will use our own main.c files at compilation. Our main.c files might be different from the one shown in the examples
The prototypes of all your functions should be included in your header file called sort.h
Don’t forget to push your header file
All your header files should be include guarded
A list/array does not need to be sorted if its size is less than 2.

More Info

Data Structure and Functions

For this project you are given the following print_array, and print_list functions:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/**
 * print_array - Prints an array of integers
 *
 * @array: The array to be printed
 * @size: Number of elements in @array
 */
void print_array(const int *array, size_t size)
{
    size_t i;

    i = 0;
    while (array && i < size)
    {
        if (i > 0)
            printf(", ");
        printf("%d", array[i]);
        ++i;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * print_list - Prints a list of integers
 *
 * @list: The list to be printed
 */
void print_list(const listint_t *list)
{
    int i;

    i = 0;
    while (list)
    {
        if (i > 0)
            printf(", ");
        printf("%d", list->n);
        ++i;
        list = list->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

Our files print_array.c and print_list.c (containing the print_array and print_list functions) will be compiled with your functions during the correction.
Please declare the prototype of the functions print_array and print_list in your sort.h header file
Please use the following data structure for doubly linked list:

/**
 * struct listint_s - Doubly linked list node
 *
 * @n: Integer stored in the node
 * @prev: Pointer to the previous element of the list
 * @next: Pointer to the next element of the list
 */
typedef struct listint_s
{
    const int n;
    struct listint_s *prev;
    struct listint_s *next;
} listint_t;

Please, note this format is used for Quiz and Task questions.

O(1)
O(n)
O(n!)
n square -> O(n^2)
log(n) -> O(log(n))
n * log(n) -> O(nlog(n))
n + k -> O(n+k)
…

Please use the “short” notation (don’t use constants). Example: O(nk) or O(wn) should be written O(n). If an answer is required within a file, all your answers files must have a newline at the end.

Tests

Here is a quick tip to help you test your sorting algorithms with big sets of random integers: Random.org

Tasks

0. Bubble sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Bubble sort algorithm

* Prototype: `void bubble_sort(int *array, size_t size);`
* You’re expected to print the array after each time you swap two elements (See example below)

Write in the file 0-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Bubble sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 0-main.c 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    bubble_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 0-bubble_sort.c 0-main.c print_array.c -o bubble
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./bubble
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

19, 48, 71, 99, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 99, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 99, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 99, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 71, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 96, 73, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 96, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 7, 99
19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 86, 7, 96, 99
19, 13, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 7, 96, 99
19, 13, 48, 52, 71, 73, 7, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 7, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 7, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 7, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 7, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 7, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 7, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

1. Insertion sort

Write a function that sorts a doubly linked list of integers in ascending order using the Insertion sort algorithm

Prototype: void insertion_sort_list(listint_t **list);
You are not allowed to modify the integer n of a node. You have to swap the nodes themselves.
You’re expected to print the list after each time you swap two elements (See example below)

Write in the file 1-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Insertion sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 1-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * create_listint - Creates a doubly linked list from an array of integers
 *
 * @array: Array to convert to a doubly linked list
 * @size: Size of the array
 *
 * Return: Pointer to the first element of the created list. NULL on failure
 */
listint_t *create_listint(const int *array, size_t size)
{
    listint_t *list;
    listint_t *node;
    int *tmp;

    list = NULL;
    while (size--)
    {
        node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
        if (!node)
            return (NULL);
        tmp = (int *)&node->n;
        *tmp = array[size];
        node->next = list;
        node->prev = NULL;
        list = node;
        if (list->next)
            list->next->prev = list;
    }
    return (list);
}

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    listint_t *list;
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    list = create_listint(array, n);
    if (!list)
        return (1);
    print_list(list);
    printf("\n");
    insertion_sort_list(&list);
    printf("\n");
    print_list(list);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 1-main.c 1-insertion_sort_list.c print_list.c -o insertion
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./insertion
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

19, 48, 71, 99, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 13, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 13, 48, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 71, 52, 99, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 99, 96, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 96, 99, 73, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 96, 73, 99, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 96, 99, 86, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 96, 86, 99, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99, 7
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 7, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 7, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 7, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 7, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 52, 7, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 48, 7, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 7, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 7, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

2. Selection sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Selection sort algorithm

Prototype: void selection_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You’re expected to print the array after each time you swap two elements (See example below)

Write in the file 2-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Selection sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 2-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    selection_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 
2-main.c 2-selection_sort.c print_array.c -o select
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./select
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

7, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 99, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 71, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 96, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

3. Quick sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Quick sort algorithm

Prototype: void quick_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You must implement the Lomuto partition scheme.
The pivot should always be the last element of the partition being sorted.
You’re expected to print the array after each time you swap two elements (See example below)

Write in the file 3-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Quick sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 3-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    quick_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 3-main.c 3-quick_sort.c print_array.c -o quick
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./quick
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

7, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 99, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 73, 96, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 71, 48, 52, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 71, 52, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

4. Shell sort - Knuth Sequence

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Shell sort algorithm, using the Knuth sequence

Prototype: void shell_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You must use the following sequence of intervals (a.k.a the Knuth sequence):
- n+1 = n * 3 + 1
- 1, 4, 13, 40, 121, ...
You’re expected to print the array each time you decrease the interval (See example below).

No big O notations of the time complexity of the Shell sort (Knuth sequence) algorithm needed - as the complexity is dependent on the size of array and gap

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 100-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    shell_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 100-main.c 100-shell_sort.c print_array.c -o shell
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./shell
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

13, 7, 96, 71, 19, 48, 99, 73, 86, 52
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

5. Cocktail shaker sort

Write a function that sorts a doubly linked list of integers in ascending order using the Cocktail shaker sort algorithm

Prototype: void cocktail_sort_list(listint_t **list);
You are not allowed to modify the integer n of a node. You have to swap the nodes themselves.
You’re expected to print the list after each time you swap two elements (See example below)

Write in the file 101-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Cocktail shaker sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 101-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * create_listint - Creates a doubly linked list from an array of integers
 *
 * @array: Array to convert to a doubly linked list
 * @size: Size of the array
 *
 * Return: Pointer to the first element of the created list. NULL on failure
 */
listint_t *create_listint(const int *array, size_t size)
{
    listint_t *list;
    listint_t *node;
    int *tmp;

    list = NULL;
    while (size--)
    {
        node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
        if (!node)
            return (NULL);
        tmp = (int *)&node->n;
        *tmp = array[size];
        node->next = list;
        node->prev = NULL;
        list = node;
        if (list->next)
            list->next->prev = list;
    }
    return (list);
}

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    listint_t *list;
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    list = create_listint(array, n);
    if (!list)
        return (1);
    print_list(list);
    printf("\n");
    cocktail_sort_list(&list);
    printf("\n");
    print_list(list);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 101-main.c 101-cocktail_sort_list.c print_list.c -o cocktail
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./cocktail
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

19, 48, 71, 99, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 99, 96, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 99, 73, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 99, 86, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99, 7
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7, 99
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 7, 86, 99
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 7, 73, 86, 99
19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 7, 96, 73, 86, 99
19, 48, 71, 13, 7, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
19, 48, 71, 7, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
19, 48, 7, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
19, 7, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 19, 48, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 19, 48, 13, 71, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 96, 86, 99
7, 19, 48, 13, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 19, 13, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$
* in the best case
* in the average case
* in the worst case

6. Counting sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Counting sort algorithm

Prototype: void counting_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You can assume that array will contain only numbers >= 0
You are allowed to use malloc and free for this task
You’re expected to print your counting array once it is set up (See example below)
- This array is of size k + 1 where k is the largest number in array

Write in the file 102-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Counting sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 102-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    counting_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 102-main.c 102-counting_sort.c print_array.c -o counting
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./counting
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

7. Merge sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Merge sort algorithm

Prototype: void merge_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You must implement the top-down merge sort algorithm
- When you divide an array into two sub-arrays, the size of the left array should always be <= the size of the right array. i.e. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} -> {1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}
- Sort the left array before the right array
You are allowed to use printf
You are allowed to use malloc and free only once (only one call)
Output: see example

Write in the file 103-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Merge sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 103-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    merge_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 103-main.c 103-merge_sort.c print_array.c -o merge
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./merge
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

Merging...
[left]: 19
[right]: 48
[Done]: 19, 48
Merging...
[left]: 71
[right]: 13
[Done]: 13, 71
Merging...
[left]: 99
[right]: 13, 71
[Done]: 13, 71, 99
Merging...
[left]: 19, 48
[right]: 13, 71, 99
[Done]: 13, 19, 48, 71, 99
Merging...
[left]: 52
[right]: 96
[Done]: 52, 96
Merging...
[left]: 86
[right]: 7
[Done]: 7, 86
Merging...
[left]: 73
[right]: 7, 86
[Done]: 7, 73, 86
Merging...
[left]: 52, 96
[right]: 7, 73, 86
[Done]: 7, 52, 73, 86, 96
Merging...
[left]: 13, 19, 48, 71, 99
[right]: 7, 52, 73, 86, 96
[Done]: 7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

8. Heap sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Heap sort algorithm

Prototype: void heap_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You must implement the sift-down heap sort algorithm
You’re expected to print the array after each time you swap two elements (See example below)

Write in the file 104-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Heap sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 104-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    heap_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 104-main.c 104-heap_sort.c print_array.c -o heap
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./heap
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

19, 48, 99, 86, 13, 52, 96, 73, 71, 7
19, 86, 99, 48, 13, 52, 96, 73, 71, 7
19, 86, 99, 73, 13, 52, 96, 48, 71, 7
99, 86, 19, 73, 13, 52, 96, 48, 71, 7
99, 86, 96, 73, 13, 52, 19, 48, 71, 7
7, 86, 96, 73, 13, 52, 19, 48, 71, 99
96, 86, 7, 73, 13, 52, 19, 48, 71, 99
96, 86, 52, 73, 13, 7, 19, 48, 71, 99
71, 86, 52, 73, 13, 7, 19, 48, 96, 99
86, 71, 52, 73, 13, 7, 19, 48, 96, 99
86, 73, 52, 71, 13, 7, 19, 48, 96, 99
48, 73, 52, 71, 13, 7, 19, 86, 96, 99
73, 48, 52, 71, 13, 7, 19, 86, 96, 99
73, 71, 52, 48, 13, 7, 19, 86, 96, 99
19, 71, 52, 48, 13, 7, 73, 86, 96, 99
71, 19, 52, 48, 13, 7, 73, 86, 96, 99
71, 48, 52, 19, 13, 7, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 48, 52, 19, 13, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
52, 48, 7, 19, 13, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 48, 7, 19, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
48, 13, 7, 19, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
48, 19, 7, 13, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 19, 7, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
19, 13, 7, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
13, 7, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

9. Radix sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Radix sort algorithm

Prototype: void radix_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You must implement the LSD radix sort algorithm
You can assume that array will contain only numbers >= 0
You are allowed to use malloc and free for this task
You’re expected to print the array each time you increase your significant digit (See example below)

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 105-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    radix_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 105-main.c 105-radix_sort.c print_array.c -o radix
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./radix
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

71, 52, 13, 73, 96, 86, 7, 48, 19, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

10. Bitonic sort

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Bitonic sort algorithm

Prototype: void bitonic_sort(int *array, size_t size);
You can assume that size will be equal to 2^k, where k >= 0 (when array is not NULL …)
You are allowed to use printf
You’re expected to print the array each time you swap two elements (See example below)
Output: see example

Write in the file 106-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Bitonic sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 106-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {100, 93, 40, 57, 14, 58, 85, 54, 31, 56, 46, 39, 15, 26, 78, 13};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    bitonic_sort(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 106-main.c 106-bitonic_sort.c print_array.c -o bitonic
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./bitonic
100, 93, 40, 57, 14, 58, 85, 54, 31, 56, 46, 39, 15, 26, 78, 13

Merging [16/16] (UP):
100, 93, 40, 57, 14, 58, 85, 54, 31, 56, 46, 39, 15, 26, 78, 13
Merging [8/16] (UP):
100, 93, 40, 57, 14, 58, 85, 54
Merging [4/16] (UP):
100, 93, 40, 57
Merging [2/16] (UP):
100, 93
Result [2/16] (UP):
93, 100
Merging [2/16] (DOWN):
40, 57
Result [2/16] (DOWN):
57, 40
Result [4/16] (UP):
40, 57, 93, 100
Merging [4/16] (DOWN):
14, 58, 85, 54
Merging [2/16] (UP):
14, 58
Result [2/16] (UP):
14, 58
Merging [2/16] (DOWN):
85, 54
Result [2/16] (DOWN):
85, 54
Result [4/16] (DOWN):
85, 58, 54, 14
Result [8/16] (UP):
14, 40, 54, 57, 58, 85, 93, 100
Merging [8/16] (DOWN):
31, 56, 46, 39, 15, 26, 78, 13
Merging [4/16] (UP):
31, 56, 46, 39
Merging [2/16] (UP):
31, 56
Result [2/16] (UP):
31, 56
Merging [2/16] (DOWN):
46, 39
Result [2/16] (DOWN):
46, 39
Result [4/16] (UP):
31, 39, 46, 56
Merging [4/16] (DOWN):
15, 26, 78, 13
Merging [2/16] (UP):
15, 26
Result [2/16] (UP):
15, 26
Merging [2/16] (DOWN):
78, 13
Result [2/16] (DOWN):
78, 13
Result [4/16] (DOWN):
78, 26, 15, 13
Result [8/16] (DOWN):
78, 56, 46, 39, 31, 26, 15, 13
Result [16/16] (UP):
13, 14, 15, 26, 31, 39, 40, 46, 54, 56, 57, 58, 78, 85, 93, 100

13, 14, 15, 26, 31, 39, 40, 46, 54, 56, 57, 58, 78, 85, 93, 100
alex@/tmp/sort$

11. Quick Sort - Hoare Partition scheme

Write a function that sorts an array of integers in ascending order using the Quick sort algorithm

Prototype: void quick_sort_hoare(int *array, size_t size);
You must implement the Hoare partition scheme.
The pivot should always be the last element of the partition being sorted.
You’re expected to print the array after each time you swap two elements (See example below)

Write in the file 107-O, the big O notations of the time complexity of the Quick sort algorithm, with 1 notation per line:

in the best case
in the average case
in the worst case

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 107-main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sort.h"

/**
 * main - Entry point
 *
 * Return: Always 0
 */
int main(void)
{
    int array[] = {19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7};
    size_t n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

    print_array(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    quick_sort_hoare(array, n);
    printf("\n");
    print_array(array, n);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 107-main.c 107-quick_sort_hoare.c print_array.c -o quick
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./quick
19, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 7

7, 48, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 19
7, 19, 99, 71, 13, 52, 96, 73, 86, 48
7, 19, 13, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 48
7, 13, 19, 71, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 48
7, 13, 19, 48, 99, 52, 96, 73, 86, 71
7, 13, 19, 48, 71, 52, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 96, 73, 86, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 86, 73, 96, 99
7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99

7, 13, 19, 48, 52, 71, 73, 86, 96, 99
alex@/tmp/sort$

Another example of output:

alex@/tmp/sort$ ./quick_2
87, 65, 28, 63, 93, 52, 39, 59, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 26, 42, 11, 16, 21, 75, 36, 71, 8, 45, 38

38, 65, 28, 63, 93, 52, 39, 59, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 26, 42, 11, 16, 21, 75, 36, 71, 8, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 63, 93, 52, 39, 59, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 26, 42, 11, 16, 21, 75, 36, 71, 65, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 36, 93, 52, 39, 59, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 26, 42, 11, 16, 21, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 36, 21, 52, 39, 59, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 26, 42, 11, 16, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 36, 21, 16, 39, 59, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 26, 42, 11, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 36, 21, 16, 11, 59, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 26, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 36, 21, 16, 11, 26, 27, 30, 24, 83, 69, 62, 13, 6, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 36, 21, 16, 11, 26, 27, 30, 24, 6, 69, 62, 13, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
38, 8, 28, 36, 21, 16, 11, 26, 27, 30, 24, 6, 13, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
13, 8, 28, 36, 21, 16, 11, 26, 27, 30, 24, 6, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
13, 8, 6, 36, 21, 16, 11, 26, 27, 30, 24, 28, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
13, 8, 6, 11, 21, 16, 36, 26, 27, 30, 24, 28, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
11, 8, 6, 13, 21, 16, 36, 26, 27, 30, 24, 28, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
6, 8, 11, 13, 21, 16, 36, 26, 27, 30, 24, 28, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
6, 8, 11, 13, 21, 16, 28, 26, 27, 30, 24, 36, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
6, 8, 11, 13, 21, 16, 28, 26, 27, 24, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
6, 8, 11, 13, 21, 16, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 83, 88, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 87
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 83, 87, 58, 92, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 45, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 83, 87, 58, 45, 59, 42, 39, 52, 93, 75, 63, 71, 65, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 83, 87, 58, 45, 59, 42, 39, 52, 65, 75, 63, 71, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 71, 87, 58, 45, 59, 42, 39, 52, 65, 75, 63, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 69, 71, 63, 58, 45, 59, 42, 39, 52, 65, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 65, 71, 63, 58, 45, 59, 42, 39, 52, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 62, 65, 52, 63, 58, 45, 59, 42, 39, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 65, 52, 63, 58, 45, 59, 42, 62, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 62, 52, 63, 58, 45, 59, 42, 65, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 62, 52, 42, 58, 45, 59, 63, 65, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 59, 52, 42, 58, 45, 62, 63, 65, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 45, 52, 42, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 45, 42, 52, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 52, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 71, 69, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 52, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71, 75, 87, 83, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 52, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71, 75, 83, 87, 93, 92, 88
6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 52, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71, 75, 83, 87, 88, 92, 93

6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 52, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71, 75, 83, 87, 88, 92, 93
alex@/tmp/sort$

12. Dealer deck.h

Write a function that sorts a deck of cards.

Prototype: void sort_deck(deck_node_t **deck);
You are allowed to use the C standard library function qsort
Please use the following data structures:

typedef enum kind_e
{
    SPADE = 0,
    HEART,
    CLUB,
    DIAMOND
} kind_t;

/**
 * struct card_s - Playing card
 *
 * @value: Value of the card
 * From "Ace" to "King"
 * @kind: Kind of the card
 */
typedef struct card_s
{
    const char *value;
    const kind_t kind;
} card_t;

/**
 * struct deck_node_s - Deck of card
 *
 * @card: Pointer to the card of the node
 * @prev: Pointer to the previous node of the list
 * @next: Pointer to the next node of the list
 */
typedef struct deck_node_s
{
    const card_t *card;
    struct deck_node_s *prev;
    struct deck_node_s *next;
} deck_node_t;

You have to push you deck.h header file, containing the previous data structures definition
Each node of the doubly linked list contains a card that you cannot modify. You have to swap the nodes.
You can assume there is exactly 52 elements in the doubly linked list.
You are free to use the sorting algorithm of your choice
The deck must be ordered:
- From Ace to King
- From Spades to Diamonds
- See example below

alex@/tmp/sort$ cat 1000-main.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "deck.h"

void print_deck(const deck_node_t *deck)
{
    size_t i;
    char kinds[4] = {'S', 'H', 'C', 'D'};

    i = 0;
    while (deck)
    {
        if (i)
            printf(", ");
        printf("{%s, %c}", deck->card->value, kinds[deck->card->kind]);
        if (i == 12)
            printf("\n");
        i = (i + 1) % 13;
        deck = deck->next;
    }
}

deck_node_t *init_deck(const card_t cards[52])
{
    deck_node_t *deck;
    deck_node_t *node;
    size_t i;

    i = 52;
    deck = NULL;
    while (i--)
    {
        node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
        if (!node)
            return (NULL);
        node->card = &cards[i];
        node->next = deck;
        node->prev = NULL;
        if (deck)
            deck->prev = node;
        deck = node;
    }
    return (deck);
}

int main(void)
{
    card_t cards[52] = {
        {"Jack", CLUB}, {"4", HEART}, {"3", HEART}, {"3", DIAMOND}, {"Queen", HEART}, {"5", HEART}, {"5", SPADE}, {"10", HEART}, {"6", HEART}, {"5", DIAMOND}, {"6", SPADE}, {"9", HEART}, {"7", DIAMOND}, {"Jack", SPADE}, {"Ace", DIAMOND}, {"9", CLUB}, {"Jack", DIAMOND}, {"7", SPADE}, {"King", DIAMOND}, {"10", CLUB}, {"King", SPADE}, {"8", CLUB}, {"9", SPADE}, {"6", CLUB}, {"Ace", CLUB}, {"3", SPADE}, {"8", SPADE}, {"9", DIAMOND}, {"2", HEART}, {"4", DIAMOND}, {"6", DIAMOND}, {"3", CLUB}, {"Queen", CLUB}, {"10", SPADE}, {"8", DIAMOND}, {"8", HEART}, {"Ace", SPADE}, {"Jack", HEART}, {"2", CLUB}, {"4", SPADE}, {"2", SPADE}, {"2", DIAMOND}, {"King", CLUB}, {"Queen", SPADE}, {"Queen", DIAMOND}, {"7", CLUB}, {"7", HEART}, {"5", CLUB}, {"10", DIAMOND}, {"4", CLUB}, {"King", HEART}, {"Ace", HEART},
    };
    deck_node_t *deck;

    deck = init_deck(cards);
    print_deck(deck);
    printf("\n");
    sort_deck(&deck);
    printf("\n");
    print_deck(deck);
    return (0);
}
alex@/tmp/sort$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic  -std=gnu89 1000-main.c 1000-sort_deck.c -o deck
alex@/tmp/sort$ ./deck
{Jack, C}, {4, H}, {3, H}, {3, D}, {Queen, H}, {5, H}, {5, S}, {10, H}, {6, H}, {5, D}, {6, S}, {9, H}, {7, D}
{Jack, S}, {Ace, D}, {9, C}, {Jack, D}, {7, S}, {King, D}, {10, C}, {King, S}, {8, C}, {9, S}, {6, C}, {Ace, C}, {3, S}
{8, S}, {9, D}, {2, H}, {4, D}, {6, D}, {3, C}, {Queen, C}, {10, S}, {8, D}, {8, H}, {Ace, S}, {Jack, H}, {2, C}
{4, S}, {2, S}, {2, D}, {King, C}, {Queen, S}, {Queen, D}, {7, C}, {7, H}, {5, C}, {10, D}, {4, C}, {King, H}, {Ace, H}


{Ace, S}, {2, S}, {3, S}, {4, S}, {5, S}, {6, S}, {7, S}, {8, S}, {9, S}, {10, S}, {Jack, S}, {Queen, S}, {King, S}
{Ace, H}, {2, H}, {3, H}, {4, H}, {5, H}, {6, H}, {7, H}, {8, H}, {9, H}, {10, H}, {Jack, H}, {Queen, H}, {King, H}
{Ace, C}, {2, C}, {3, C}, {4, C}, {5, C}, {6, C}, {7, C}, {8, C}, {9, C}, {10, C}, {Jack, C}, {Queen, C}, {King, C}
{Ace, D}, {2, D}, {3, D}, {4, D}, {5, D}, {6, D}, {7, D}, {8, D}, {9, D}, {10, D}, {Jack, D}, {Queen, D}, {King, D}
alex@/tmp/sort$

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

Repository files navigation

0x1B. C - Sorting algorithms & Big O

`C` `Algorithm` `Data structure`

Resources

Requirements

General

More Info

Data Structure and Functions

Tests

Tasks

About

Releases

Packages

Languages

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 90 Commits
0-O		0-O
0-bubble_sort.c		0-bubble_sort.c
0-main.c		0-main.c
1-O		1-O
1-insertion_sort_list.c		1-insertion_sort_list.c
1-main.c		1-main.c
100-main.c		100-main.c
100-shell_sort.c		100-shell_sort.c
1000-main.c		1000-main.c
1000-sort_deck.c		1000-sort_deck.c
101-O		101-O
101-cocktail_sort_list.c		101-cocktail_sort_list.c
101-main.c		101-main.c
102-O		102-O
102-counting_sort.c		102-counting_sort.c
102-main.c		102-main.c
103-O		103-O
103-main.c		103-main.c
103-merge_sort.c		103-merge_sort.c
104-O		104-O
104-heap_sort.c		104-heap_sort.c
104-main.c		104-main.c
105-main.c		105-main.c
105-radix_sort.c		105-radix_sort.c
106-O		106-O
106-bitonic_sort.c		106-bitonic_sort.c
106-main.c		106-main.c
107-O		107-O
107-main.c		107-main.c
107-quick_sort_hoare.c		107-quick_sort_hoare.c
107b-main.c		107b-main.c
2-O		2-O
2-main.c		2-main.c
2-selection_sort.c		2-selection_sort.c
3-O		3-O
3-main.c		3-main.c
3-quick_sort.c		3-quick_sort.c
README.md		README.md
bitonic		bitonic
bubble		bubble
cocktail		cocktail
counting		counting
deck		deck
deck.h		deck.h
heap		heap
insertion		insertion
merge		merge
print_array.c		print_array.c
print_list.c		print_list.c
quick		quick
quick_h		quick_h
quick_h2		quick_h2
radix		radix
select		select
shell		shell
sort.h		sort.h

samuelselasi/sorting_algorithms

Folders and files

Latest commit

History

Repository files navigation

0x1B. C - Sorting algorithms & Big O

C Algorithm Data structure

Resources

Requirements

General

More Info

Data Structure and Functions

Tests

Tasks

About

Topics

Resources

Stars

Watchers

Forks

Releases

Packages 0

Languages

`C` `Algorithm` `Data structure`

Packages