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# VERBENA: Vascular Model Based Perfusion Quantification for DSC-MRI

Verbena is a Bayesian Inference tool for quantification of perfusion and other
haemodynamic parameters from Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast perfusion MRI of
the brain. VERBENA complements the BASIL tools for the quantification of
perfusion using Arterial Spin Labelling MRI and is built on the same core
inference algorithm (FABBER). VERBENA uses a specific physiological model for
capillary transit of contrast within the blood generally termed the 'vascular
model' that was first described by Ostergaard (see below). In VERBENA the model
has been extended to explicitly infer the mean transit time and also to
optionally include correction for macro vascular contamination - contrast agent
within arterial vessels - more information on the model can be found in the
theory section.

VERBENA takes a model-based approach to the analysis of DSC-MRI data in
contrast to alternative 'non-parametric' approaches, that often use a Singular
Value based Deconvolution to quantify perfusion. An alternative Bayesian
Deconvolution approach is also available, but not currently distributed as part
of FSL. For more information see the reference below and contact the senior
author.

VERBENA is scheduled for a future release of FSL (it is not to be found in the
current release). However, if you are interested in using VERBENA, it is
possible to provide a pre-release copy that is compatible with more recent
FSL releases.

## Referencing

If you use VERBENA in your research, please make sure that you reference the
first article listed below.

*Chappell, M.A., Mehndiratta, A., Calamante F., "Correcting for large vessel
contamination in DSC perfusion MRI by extension to a physiological model of the
vasculature", e-print ahead of publication. doi: 10.1002/mrm.25390*

The following articles provide more background on the original vascular model
from which the VERBENA model is derived:

*Mouridsen K, Friston K, Hjort N, Gyldensted L, Østergaard L, Kiebel S. Bayesian
estimation of cerebral perfusion using a physiological model of microvasculature.
NeuroImage 2006;33:570–579. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.015.*

*Ostergaard L, Chesler D, Weisskoff R, Sorensen A, Rosen B. Modeling Cerebral
Blood Flow and Flow Heterogeneity From Magnetic Resonance Residue Data. J Cereb
Blood Flow Metab 1999;19:690–699.*

An alternative Bayesian 'non-parametric' deconvolution approach has been
published in:

*Mehndiratta A, MacIntosh BJ, Crane DE, Payne SJ, Chappell MA. A control point
interpolation method for the non-parametric quantification of cerebral
haemodynamics from dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI. NeuroImage
2013;64:560–570. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.083.*

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