PackageManager: Make lookup lazy again

[Geod24]

We want to avoid loading the whole cache whenever lookup is called, as most invocations of dub should result in a call to lookup, since dependency resolution is much rarer than building with an existing dub.selections.json.

[github-actions]

✅ PR OK, no changes in deprecations or warnings

Total deprecations: 0

Total warnings: 0

Build statistics:

 statistics (-before, +after)
 executable size=5259464 bin/dub
 rough build time=62s

Full build output

DUB version 1.37.0, built on May 11 2024
LDC - the LLVM D compiler (1.38.0):
  based on DMD v2.108.1 and LLVM 18.1.5
  built with LDC - the LLVM D compiler (1.38.0)
  Default target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  Host CPU: znver3
  http://dlang.org - http://wiki.dlang.org/LDC


  Registered Targets:
    aarch64     - AArch64 (little endian)
    aarch64_32  - AArch64 (little endian ILP32)
    aarch64_be  - AArch64 (big endian)
    amdgcn      - AMD GCN GPUs
    arm         - ARM
    arm64       - ARM64 (little endian)
    arm64_32    - ARM64 (little endian ILP32)
    armeb       - ARM (big endian)
    avr         - Atmel AVR Microcontroller
    bpf         - BPF (host endian)
    bpfeb       - BPF (big endian)
    bpfel       - BPF (little endian)
    hexagon     - Hexagon
    lanai       - Lanai
    loongarch32 - 32-bit LoongArch
    loongarch64 - 64-bit LoongArch
    mips        - MIPS (32-bit big endian)
    mips64      - MIPS (64-bit big endian)
    mips64el    - MIPS (64-bit little endian)
    mipsel      - MIPS (32-bit little endian)
    msp430      - MSP430 [experimental]
    nvptx       - NVIDIA PTX 32-bit
    nvptx64     - NVIDIA PTX 64-bit
    ppc32       - PowerPC 32
    ppc32le     - PowerPC 32 LE
    ppc64       - PowerPC 64
    ppc64le     - PowerPC 64 LE
    r600        - AMD GPUs HD2XXX-HD6XXX
    riscv32     - 32-bit RISC-V
    riscv64     - 64-bit RISC-V
    sparc       - Sparc
    sparcel     - Sparc LE
    sparcv9     - Sparc V9
    spirv       - SPIR-V Logical
    spirv32     - SPIR-V 32-bit
    spirv64     - SPIR-V 64-bit
    systemz     - SystemZ
    thumb       - Thumb
    thumbeb     - Thumb (big endian)
    ve          - VE
    wasm32      - WebAssembly 32-bit
    wasm64      - WebAssembly 64-bit
    x86         - 32-bit X86: Pentium-Pro and above
    x86-64      - 64-bit X86: EM64T and AMD64
    xcore       - XCore
   Upgrading project in /home/runner/work/dub/dub/
    Starting Performing "release" build using /opt/hostedtoolcache/dc/ldc2-1.38.0/x64/ldc2-1.38.0-linux-x86_64/bin/ldc2 for x86_64.
    Building dub 1.38.0+commit.35.g21c910fd: building configuration [application]
     Linking dub
STAT:statistics (-before, +after)
STAT:executable size=5259464 bin/dub
STAT:rough build time=62s

[s-ludwig]

Looks like this shouldn't interfere with anything. I'd only suggest to replace the two bools by a three-stage InitializationState enum. As a bonus, the conditional refresh and refreshLocal calls could then be replaced by call to an initialize(InitializationState) to make it a little less repetitive and semantically clearer.

[Geod24]

I'd only suggest to replace [...]

I'd love to get rid of refresh entirely, but the value is in making lookup lazy, so I went with this half solution.
I'm not personally too convinced it adds much, but I've made the requested change, as I don't think they substract either.

[s-ludwig]

Maybe a nit pick, but both style guides (D/vibe.d) want this to be camelCase.

edit: I didn't realize this is protected and PackageManager is now meant to be derived from. In this case we need to be a bit more careful here to not introduce too much surface for later breaking changes. Maybe this should just be in a private block instead.

[Geod24]

Always found it pretty ugly, but it's the D style. Fixed.

[Geod24]

I didn't realize this is protected and PackageManager is now meant to be derived from.

Note that the main use case for this is currently for unittesting.