[typing] update `prefect.futures` #18720

Job	Run time
docker, python:3.9	5m 6s
Server Tests - python:3.9, postgres:14	9m 29s
docker, python:3.10	5m 12s
Server Tests - python:3.10, postgres:14	9m 15s
docker, python:3.11	5m 14s
Server Tests - python:3.11, postgres:14	8m 34s
docker, python:3.12	4m 41s
Server Tests - python:3.12, postgres:14	8m 26s
Server Tests - python:3.9, sqlite	11m 37s
Server Tests - python:3.10, sqlite	11m 39s
Server Tests - python:3.11, sqlite	10m 41s
Server Tests - python:3.12, sqlite	10m 24s
Client Tests - python:3.9, postgres:14	11m 14s
Client Tests - python:3.10, postgres:14	11m 13s
Client Tests - python:3.11, postgres:14	11m 0s
Client Tests - python:3.12, postgres:14	9m 16s
Runner and Worker Tests - python:3.9, postgres:14	2m 11s
Runner and Worker Tests - python:3.10, postgres:14	2m 11s
Runner and Worker Tests - python:3.11, postgres:14	2m 16s
Runner and Worker Tests - python:3.12, postgres:14	2m 27s
combine-coverage	36s
	2h 32m 42s

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