第2.3講 Pandas 基本function介紹(Series, DataFrame, Selection, Grouping).ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn import datasets\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Iris Flower \n",
    "![](http://5047-presscdn.pagely.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/iris_petal_sepal.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "target_names: ['setosa' 'versicolor' 'virginica']\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>target_names</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)  petal length (cm)  petal width (cm)  \\\n",
       "0                5.1               3.5                1.4               0.2   \n",
       "1                4.9               3.0                1.4               0.2   \n",
       "2                4.7               3.2                1.3               0.2   \n",
       "\n",
       "   target_names  \n",
       "0             0  \n",
       "1             0  \n",
       "2             0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris = datasets.load_iris()\n",
    "x = pd.DataFrame(iris['data'], columns=iris['feature_names'])\n",
    "print(\"target_names: \"+str(iris['target_names']))\n",
    "y = pd.DataFrame(iris['target'], columns=['target_names'])\n",
    "data = pd.concat([x,y], axis=1)\n",
    "data.head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list1 = [1,2,3,4,5]\n",
    "list1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array(list1)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['1', 2, 3.0, 4, 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list2 = [\"1\", 2,3.,4,5]\n",
    "list2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array(['1', '2', '3.0', '4', '5'], \n",
       "      dtype='<U3')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array(list2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Pandas Series"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     1.0\n",
       "1     3.0\n",
       "2     6.0\n",
       "3     NaN\n",
       "4    44.0\n",
       "5     1.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 = pd.Series([1, 3, 6, np.nan, 44, 1])\n",
    "print(type(s1))\n",
    "s1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "a    1\n",
       "b    2\n",
       "c    3\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s2 = pd.Series([1,2,3], index=['a', 'b', 'c'])\n",
    "print(type(s2))\n",
    "s2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    5.1\n",
       "1    4.9\n",
       "2    4.7\n",
       "3    4.6\n",
       "4    5.0\n",
       "Name: sepal length (cm), dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(data.head(5)['sepal length (cm)']))\n",
    "data.head(5)['sepal length (cm)']\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Pandas DataFrame"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.495886</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.349915</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.134219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.032376</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.979078</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.630289</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.027901</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.039128</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.311583</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.851632</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.292174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.190673</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.265065</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.337182</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.322276</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.536818</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.480431</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.876064</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.347095</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.361583</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.352931</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.910087</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.163870</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.779835</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          a         b         c         d\n",
       "0 -0.495886  0.349915  0.134219 -0.032376\n",
       "1 -0.979078  0.630289 -0.027901 -0.039128\n",
       "2  1.311583  0.851632  1.292174 -0.190673\n",
       "3  0.265065  1.337182 -0.322276  0.536818\n",
       "4 -0.480431  0.876064  1.347095 -0.361583\n",
       "5 -0.352931  0.910087  1.163870  1.779835"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6,4),columns=['a','b','c','d'])\n",
    "print(type(df))\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## DataFrame Basic information（DataFrame基本資訊）"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 150 entries, 0 to 149\n",
      "Data columns (total 5 columns):\n",
      "sepal length (cm)    150 non-null float64\n",
      "sepal width (cm)     150 non-null float64\n",
      "petal length (cm)    150 non-null float64\n",
      "petal width (cm)     150 non-null float64\n",
      "target_names         150 non-null int64\n",
      "dtypes: float64(4), int64(1)\n",
      "memory usage: 5.9 KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>target_names</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.843333</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.054000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.758667</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.198667</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>std</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.828066</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.433594</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.764420</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.763161</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.819232</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>min</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.300000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.100000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25%</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.100000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.800000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.600000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.300000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>50%</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.800000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.350000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.300000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75%</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.400000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.300000</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.100000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.800000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>max</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.900000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.400000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.900000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)  petal length (cm)  \\\n",
       "count         150.000000        150.000000         150.000000   \n",
       "mean            5.843333          3.054000           3.758667   \n",
       "std             0.828066          0.433594           1.764420   \n",
       "min             4.300000          2.000000           1.000000   \n",
       "25%             5.100000          2.800000           1.600000   \n",
       "50%             5.800000          3.000000           4.350000   \n",
       "75%             6.400000          3.300000           5.100000   \n",
       "max             7.900000          4.400000           6.900000   \n",
       "\n",
       "       petal width (cm)  target_names  \n",
       "count        150.000000    150.000000  \n",
       "mean           1.198667      1.000000  \n",
       "std            0.763161      0.819232  \n",
       "min            0.100000      0.000000  \n",
       "25%            0.300000      0.000000  \n",
       "50%            1.300000      1.000000  \n",
       "75%            1.800000      2.000000  \n",
       "max            2.500000      2.000000  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['sepal length (cm)', 'sepal width (cm)', 'petal length (cm)',\n",
       "       'petal width (cm)', 'target_names'],\n",
       "      dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>target_names</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>41</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)  petal length (cm)  petal width (cm)  \\\n",
       "13                4.3               3.0                1.1               0.1   \n",
       "42                4.4               3.2                1.3               0.2   \n",
       "38                4.4               3.0                1.3               0.2   \n",
       "8                 4.4               2.9                1.4               0.2   \n",
       "41                4.5               2.3                1.3               0.3   \n",
       "\n",
       "    target_names  \n",
       "13             0  \n",
       "42             0  \n",
       "38             0  \n",
       "8              0  \n",
       "41             0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.sort_values(by='sepal length (cm)').head(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data Selection(資料選取)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    5.1\n",
       "1    4.9\n",
       "2    4.7\n",
       "3    4.6\n",
       "4    5.0\n",
       "Name: sepal length (cm), dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data['sepal length (cm)'].head(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)\n",
       "0                5.1               3.5\n",
       "1                4.9               3.0\n",
       "2                4.7               3.2\n",
       "3                4.6               3.1\n",
       "4                5.0               3.6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[['sepal length (cm)','sepal width (cm)']].head(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    5.1\n",
       "1    4.9\n",
       "2    4.7\n",
       "3    4.6\n",
       "4    5.0\n",
       "Name: sepal length (cm), dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[0:5]['sepal length (cm)']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
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       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.4</td>\n",
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       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)\n",
       "5                5.4               3.9\n",
       "6                4.6               3.4\n",
       "7                5.0               3.4\n",
       "8                4.4               2.9\n",
       "9                4.9               3.1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 84,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[5:10][['sepal length (cm)','sepal width (cm)']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.4</td>\n",
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       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.7</td>\n",
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       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)\n",
       "5                 5.4               3.9\n",
       "6                 4.6               3.4\n",
       "7                 5.0               3.4\n",
       "8                 4.4               2.9\n",
       "9                 4.9               3.1\n",
       "10                5.4               3.7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.loc[5:10, ['sepal length (cm)','sepal width (cm)']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data Selection with condition(資料篩選)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
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       "      <th>102</th>\n",
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       "      <th>130</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.4</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>131</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>135</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)  petal length (cm)  petal width (cm)  \\\n",
       "102                7.1               3.0                5.9               2.1   \n",
       "105                7.6               3.0                6.6               2.1   \n",
       "107                7.3               2.9                6.3               1.8   \n",
       "109                7.2               3.6                6.1               2.5   \n",
       "117                7.7               3.8                6.7               2.2   \n",
       "118                7.7               2.6                6.9               2.3   \n",
       "122                7.7               2.8                6.7               2.0   \n",
       "125                7.2               3.2                6.0               1.8   \n",
       "129                7.2               3.0                5.8               1.6   \n",
       "130                7.4               2.8                6.1               1.9   \n",
       "131                7.9               3.8                6.4               2.0   \n",
       "135                7.7               3.0                6.1               2.3   \n",
       "\n",
       "     target_names  \n",
       "102             2  \n",
       "105             2  \n",
       "107             2  \n",
       "109             2  \n",
       "117             2  \n",
       "118             2  \n",
       "122             2  \n",
       "125             2  \n",
       "129             2  \n",
       "130             2  \n",
       "131             2  \n",
       "135             2  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[data['sepal length (cm)'] > 7]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal width (cm)</th>\n",
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       "      <th>56</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.3</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <th>57</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
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       "      <th>58</th>\n",
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       "      <th>59</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.2</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>60</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>61</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>62</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>63</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>64</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>65</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <th>66</th>\n",
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       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <th>67</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.8</td>\n",
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       "      <td>4.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>68</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>69</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>70</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>71</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>72</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>73</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>74</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>76</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>77</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>78</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>79</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>120</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>121</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>122</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>123</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>124</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>125</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>126</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>127</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>128</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>129</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>130</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>131</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>132</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>133</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>134</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>135</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>136</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>137</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>138</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>139</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>140</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>141</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>142</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>143</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>144</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>145</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>146</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>147</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>148</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>149</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)  petal length (cm)  petal width (cm)  \\\n",
       "50                 7.0               3.2                4.7               1.4   \n",
       "51                 6.4               3.2                4.5               1.5   \n",
       "52                 6.9               3.1                4.9               1.5   \n",
       "53                 5.5               2.3                4.0               1.3   \n",
       "54                 6.5               2.8                4.6               1.5   \n",
       "55                 5.7               2.8                4.5               1.3   \n",
       "56                 6.3               3.3                4.7               1.6   \n",
       "57                 4.9               2.4                3.3               1.0   \n",
       "58                 6.6               2.9                4.6               1.3   \n",
       "59                 5.2               2.7                3.9               1.4   \n",
       "60                 5.0               2.0                3.5               1.0   \n",
       "61                 5.9               3.0                4.2               1.5   \n",
       "62                 6.0               2.2                4.0               1.0   \n",
       "63                 6.1               2.9                4.7               1.4   \n",
       "64                 5.6               2.9                3.6               1.3   \n",
       "65                 6.7               3.1                4.4               1.4   \n",
       "66                 5.6               3.0                4.5               1.5   \n",
       "67                 5.8               2.7                4.1               1.0   \n",
       "68                 6.2               2.2                4.5               1.5   \n",
       "69                 5.6               2.5                3.9               1.1   \n",
       "70                 5.9               3.2                4.8               1.8   \n",
       "71                 6.1               2.8                4.0               1.3   \n",
       "72                 6.3               2.5                4.9               1.5   \n",
       "73                 6.1               2.8                4.7               1.2   \n",
       "74                 6.4               2.9                4.3               1.3   \n",
       "75                 6.6               3.0                4.4               1.4   \n",
       "76                 6.8               2.8                4.8               1.4   \n",
       "77                 6.7               3.0                5.0               1.7   \n",
       "78                 6.0               2.9                4.5               1.5   \n",
       "79                 5.7               2.6                3.5               1.0   \n",
       "..                 ...               ...                ...               ...   \n",
       "120                6.9               3.2                5.7               2.3   \n",
       "121                5.6               2.8                4.9               2.0   \n",
       "122                7.7               2.8                6.7               2.0   \n",
       "123                6.3               2.7                4.9               1.8   \n",
       "124                6.7               3.3                5.7               2.1   \n",
       "125                7.2               3.2                6.0               1.8   \n",
       "126                6.2               2.8                4.8               1.8   \n",
       "127                6.1               3.0                4.9               1.8   \n",
       "128                6.4               2.8                5.6               2.1   \n",
       "129                7.2               3.0                5.8               1.6   \n",
       "130                7.4               2.8                6.1               1.9   \n",
       "131                7.9               3.8                6.4               2.0   \n",
       "132                6.4               2.8                5.6               2.2   \n",
       "133                6.3               2.8                5.1               1.5   \n",
       "134                6.1               2.6                5.6               1.4   \n",
       "135                7.7               3.0                6.1               2.3   \n",
       "136                6.3               3.4                5.6               2.4   \n",
       "137                6.4               3.1                5.5               1.8   \n",
       "138                6.0               3.0                4.8               1.8   \n",
       "139                6.9               3.1                5.4               2.1   \n",
       "140                6.7               3.1                5.6               2.4   \n",
       "141                6.9               3.1                5.1               2.3   \n",
       "142                5.8               2.7                5.1               1.9   \n",
       "143                6.8               3.2                5.9               2.3   \n",
       "144                6.7               3.3                5.7               2.5   \n",
       "145                6.7               3.0                5.2               2.3   \n",
       "146                6.3               2.5                5.0               1.9   \n",
       "147                6.5               3.0                5.2               2.0   \n",
       "148                6.2               3.4                5.4               2.3   \n",
       "149                5.9               3.0                5.1               1.8   \n",
       "\n",
       "     target_names  \n",
       "50              1  \n",
       "51              1  \n",
       "52              1  \n",
       "53              1  \n",
       "54              1  \n",
       "55              1  \n",
       "56              1  \n",
       "57              1  \n",
       "58              1  \n",
       "59              1  \n",
       "60              1  \n",
       "61              1  \n",
       "62              1  \n",
       "63              1  \n",
       "64              1  \n",
       "65              1  \n",
       "66              1  \n",
       "67              1  \n",
       "68              1  \n",
       "69              1  \n",
       "70              1  \n",
       "71              1  \n",
       "72              1  \n",
       "73              1  \n",
       "74              1  \n",
       "75              1  \n",
       "76              1  \n",
       "77              1  \n",
       "78              1  \n",
       "79              1  \n",
       "..            ...  \n",
       "120             2  \n",
       "121             2  \n",
       "122             2  \n",
       "123             2  \n",
       "124             2  \n",
       "125             2  \n",
       "126             2  \n",
       "127             2  \n",
       "128             2  \n",
       "129             2  \n",
       "130             2  \n",
       "131             2  \n",
       "132             2  \n",
       "133             2  \n",
       "134             2  \n",
       "135             2  \n",
       "136             2  \n",
       "137             2  \n",
       "138             2  \n",
       "139             2  \n",
       "140             2  \n",
       "141             2  \n",
       "142             2  \n",
       "143             2  \n",
       "144             2  \n",
       "145             2  \n",
       "146             2  \n",
       "147             2  \n",
       "148             2  \n",
       "149             2  \n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 5 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[data['target_names'].isin([1,2])]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data Grouping(資料分群)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>target_names</th>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>250.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>170.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>73.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>296.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>138.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>213.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>329.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>148.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>277.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>101.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)  petal length (cm)  \\\n",
       "target_names                                                           \n",
       "0                         250.3             170.9               73.2   \n",
       "1                         296.8             138.5              213.0   \n",
       "2                         329.4             148.7              277.6   \n",
       "\n",
       "              petal width (cm)  \n",
       "target_names                    \n",
       "0                         12.2  \n",
       "1                         66.3  \n",
       "2                        101.3  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.groupby(by='target_names').sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal length (cm)</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal width (cm)</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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       "      <th>target_names</th>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.006</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.418</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.464</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.244</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.936</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.770</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.260</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.326</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>6.588</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.974</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.552</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.026</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "              sepal length (cm)  sepal width (cm)  petal length (cm)  \\\n",
       "target_names                                                           \n",
       "0                         5.006             3.418              1.464   \n",
       "1                         5.936             2.770              4.260   \n",
       "2                         6.588             2.974              5.552   \n",
       "\n",
       "              petal width (cm)  \n",
       "target_names                    \n",
       "0                        0.244  \n",
       "1                        1.326  \n",
       "2                        2.026  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.groupby(by='target_names').mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
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