GNNSCVulDetector

This repo is a python implementation of smart contract vulnerability detection based on graph neural networks (GNNs). In this research work, we focus on detecting three kinds of smart contract vulnerabilities (i.e., reentrancy, timestamp dependence, and infinite loop), which are not only the most significant threat to contract security but also challenging to precisely identify. All of the infinite loop types we concerned are implemented by Class C/C++ of VNT, while the smart contracts of reentrancy and timestamp dependence are wirrten by Solidity, i.e., Ethereum smart contract. Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform that can build a broad scope of applications, while Ether is one kind of cryptocurrency used on this platform. Vntchain, an open-source distributed value network that runs smart contracts represented by Class C/C++. Vntchain is a novel and evolutionary blockchain platform, which borrows the architecture mode from Ethereum and incorporates Delegate Proof of Stake (DPOS) and Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) technologies for higher performance and security.

The ESC dataset consists of 40,932 smart contracts from Ethereum. Among the functions, around 5,013 functions possess at least one invocation to call.value, making them potentially affected by the reentrancy vulnerability. Around 4,833 functions contain the block.timestamp statement, making them susceptible to the timestamp dependence vulnerability. The VSC dataset contains all the available 4,170 smart contracts collected from the VNT Chain network, which overall contain 13,761 functions. VNT Chain is an experimental public blockchain platform proposed by companies and universities from Singapore, China, and Australia.

Requirements

Required Packages

• python3
• TensorFlow1.14.0
• keras2.2.4 with TensorFlow backend
• sklearn for model evaluation
• docopt as a command-line interface parser
• go-vnt as a vntchain platform support
• go-ethereum as a ethereum platform support

Run the following script to install the required packages.

pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade tensorflow
pip install keras
pip install scikit-learn
pip install docopt

Required Dataset

For each dataset, we randomly pick 20% contracts as the training set while the remainings are utilized for the testing set. In the comparison, metrics accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score are all involved. In consideration of the distinct features of different platforms, experiments on reentrancy vulnerability and timestamp dependence vulnerability are conducted on the ESC dataset, while experiments on infinite loop vulnerability detection are conducted on the VSC dataset.

source code

Original smart contract source code:

Ethereum smart contracts: Etherscan_contract

Vntchain smart contacts: Vntchain_contract

Dataset structure in this project

All of the smart contract source code, graph data, and training data in these folders in the following structure respectively.

${GGNNSmartVulDetector}
├── data
│   ├── loops
│   │   └── contract
│   │   └── graph_data
│   ├── timestamp
│   │   └── contract
│   │   └── graph_data
│   └── reentrancy
│       └── contract
│       └── graph_data
├── features
    ├── loops
    ├── timestamp
    └── reentrancy
├── train_data
    ├── loops
    │   └── train.json
    │   └── vaild.json
    ├── timestamp
    │   └── train.json
    │   └── vaild.json
    └── reentrancy
        └── train.json
        └── vaild.json
      

• data/reentrancy/contract: This is the data of original smart contracts.
• data/reentrancy/graph_data: This is the graph data, consisting edges and nodes, which are extracted by our AutoExtractor.
• graph_data/edge: It includes all edges and edge of each smart contract.
• graph_data/node: It includes all nodes and node of each smart contract.
• features/reentrancy: It includes all the reentrancy features of each smart contract extracted by our model.
• train_data/reentrancy/train.json: This is the training data of all the smart contract.
• train_data/reentrancy/valid.json: This is the testing data of all the smart contract.

Code Files

The tools and models are as follows:

${GGNNSmartVulDetector}
├── tools
│   ├── remove_comment.py
│   ├── construct_fragment.py
│   ├── reentrancy/AutoExtractGraph.py
│   └── reentrancy/graph2vec.py

AutoExtractGraph.py

• All functions in the smart contract code are automatically split and stored.
• Find the relationships between functions.
• Extract all smart contracts source code into features of nodes and edges.

python AutoExtractGraph.py

graph2vec.py

• Feature ablation.
• Converts graph into vectors.

python graph2vec.py

Running project

• To run the program, use this command: python GNNSCModel.py.

Examples:

python GNNSCModel.py --random_seed 9930 --thresholds 0.45

Consultation

We would like to point that the data processing code is available here. For the complete codebase, please email to [email protected]. And, the code is adapted from GGNN. Technical questions can be addressed to [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected].

References

1. VNT Document. vnt-document.
2. Li Y, Tarlow D, Brockschmidt M, et al. Gated graph sequence neural networks. ICLR, 2016. GGNN