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Expand Up @@ -347,3 +347,31 @@ A zero-knowledge proof is the resulting output of a [zero-knowledge](#Zero-knowl
## ZK-Rollup

A [rollup](/foundational-terms#rollup) that uses [ZKPs](#Zero-knowledge-proof-(ZKP)) (also often called [validity proofs](#Validity-proof) to [validate](#Validator) the correctness of the state transition function and update the rollup state. This is one of two main types of rollup constructions, along with [optimistic rollups](#Optimistic-rollup). In general, ZK-Rollups do not provide privacy preserving properties; privacy preserving ZK-Rollups are sometimes called ZK-ZK-Rollups.

## Consensus Algorithms

Protocols used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or systems.

## Merkle Trees

Hierarchical structures that facilitate efficient verification of large data sets through cryptographic hashing.

## Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

A system used to manage digital certificates and public-private key pairs, ensuring secure communication.

## Immutable

Refers to data or records on a blockchain that cannot be altered or tampered with once confirmed.

## Oracles

Third-party services that provide external data to smart contracts on a blockchain.

## Fork

A divergence or split in the blockchain, resulting in two separate chains following different rules.

## Hard Fork

A type of fork that makes previously invalid transactions valid, or vice versa, requiring all nodes to upgrade.