Fixes #66 (#89)

docs/day-04/operators-in-cpp.md

@@ -6,11 +6,267 @@ sidebar_label: "Operators"
 slug: operators-in-cpp
 ---
 
-TASK:
+## 1. What is Operators in C++?
 
-1. What is Operators in C++?
-2. Types of Operators in C++.
-3. Explain All the Operators in C++ with Proper Examples.
+In programming, an operator is a symbol that operates on a value or a variable. Operators are essential building blocks in C++, allowing you to perform various operations on data, such as arithmetic calculations, comparisons, and logical operations.---
 
-IMAGE FILE:
 ![Operator in CPP](../../static/img/day-04/operator-in-cpp.png)
+
+## 2. Types of Operators in C++
+
+Operators in C++ can be broadly categorized into several types:
+
+1. Arithmetic Operators
+2. Relational Operators
+3. Logical Operators
+4. Bitwise Operators
+5. Assignment Operators
+6. Increment and Decrement Operators
+7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator
+8. Compound Operators
+9. `sizeof` Operator
+10. Comma Operator---
+
+## 3. Explain All the Operators in C++ with Proper Examples
+
+### 1. Arithmetic Operators
+
+Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations. Here are the common arithmetic operators in C++:
+
+- **Addition (+)** : Adds two operands.
+- **Subtraction (-)** : Subtracts the second operand from the first.
+- **Multiplication (\*)** : Multiplies two operands.
+- **Division (/)** : Divides the first operand by the second.
+- **Modulus (%)** : Returns the remainder of a division operation.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int a = 10, b = 3;
+    cout << "a + b = " << a + b << endl;  // Output: 13
+    cout << "a - b = " << a - b << endl;  // Output: 7
+    cout << "a * b = " << a * b << endl;  // Output: 30
+    cout << "a / b = " << a / b << endl;  // Output: 3
+    cout << "a % b = " << a % b << endl;  // Output: 1
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Relational Operators
+
+Relational operators are used to compare two values. They return a boolean result (`true` or `false`).
+
+- **Equal to (==)** : Returns `true` if both operands are equal.
+- **Not equal to (!=)** : Returns `true` if operands are not equal.
+- **Greater than (>)** : Returns `true` if the first operand is greater than the second.
+- **Less than ({'<'})** : Returns `true` if the first operand is less than the second.
+- **Greater than or equal to (>=)** : Returns `true` if the first operand is greater than or equal to the second.
+- **Less than or equal to ({'<'}=)** : Returns `true` if the first operand is less than or equal to the second.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int a = 10, b = 20;
+    cout << (a == b) << endl;  // Output: 0 (false)
+    cout << (a != b) << endl;  // Output: 1 (true)
+    cout << (a > b) << endl;   // Output: 0 (false)
+    cout << (a < b) << endl;   // Output: 1 (true)
+    cout << (a >= b) << endl;  // Output: 0 (false)
+    cout << (a <= b) << endl;  // Output: 1 (true)
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Logical Operators
+
+Logical operators are used to perform logical operations, often with boolean values.
+
+- **Logical AND (&&)** : Returns `true` if both operands are true.
+- **Logical OR (||)** : Returns `true` if at least one of the operands is true.
+- **Logical NOT (!)** : Returns `true` if the operand is false, and `false` if the operand is true.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    bool a = true, b = false;
+    cout << (a && b) << endl;  // Output: 0 (false)
+    cout << (a || b) << endl;  // Output: 1 (true)
+    cout << (!a) << endl;      // Output: 0 (false)
+    cout << (!b) << endl;      // Output: 1 (true)
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Bitwise Operators
+
+Bitwise operators perform bit-by-bit operations on integer data types.
+
+- **AND (&)** : Performs a bitwise AND operation.
+- **OR (|)** : Performs a bitwise OR operation.
+- **XOR (^)** : Performs a bitwise XOR operation.
+- **NOT (~)** : Performs a bitwise NOT operation.
+- **Left shift ({'<'}{'<'})** : Shifts bits to the left.
+- **Right shift (>>)** : Shifts bits to the right.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int a = 5;      // 0101 in binary
+    int b = 3;      // 0011 in binary
+    cout << (a & b) << endl;  // Output: 1 (0001 in binary)
+    cout << (a | b) << endl;  // Output: 7 (0111 in binary)
+    cout << (a ^ b) << endl;  // Output: 6 (0110 in binary)
+    cout << (~a) << endl;     // Output: -6 (Two's complement of 0101)
+    cout << (a << 1) << endl; // Output: 10 (1010 in binary)
+    cout << (a >> 1) << endl; // Output: 2 (0010 in binary)
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 5. Assignment Operators
+
+Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. Here are some commonly used assignment operators:
+
+- **Assign (=)** : Assigns the right operand to the left operand.
+- **Add and assign (+=)** : Adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
+- **Subtract and assign (-=)** : Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
+- **Multiply and assign (\*=)** : Multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
+- **Divide and assign (/=)** : Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
+- **Modulus and assign (%=)** : Computes the modulus using the two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int a = 10;
+    a += 5;  // Equivalent to a = a + 5
+    cout << a << endl;  // Output: 15
+    a -= 3;  // Equivalent to a = a - 3
+    cout << a << endl;  // Output: 12
+    a *= 2;  // Equivalent to a = a * 2
+    cout << a << endl;  // Output: 24
+    a /= 4;  // Equivalent to a = a / 4
+    cout << a << endl;  // Output: 6
+    a %= 5;  // Equivalent to a = a % 5
+    cout << a << endl;  // Output: 1
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 6. Increment and Decrement Operators
+
+Increment and decrement operators are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by one.
+
+- **Increment (++)** : Increases the value of a variable by one.
+- **Decrement (--)** : Decreases the value of a variable by one.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int a = 10;
+    cout << "a = " << a << endl;   // Output: a = 10
+    a++;
+    cout << "a++ = " << a << endl; // Output: a++ = 11
+    a--;
+    cout << "a-- = " << a << endl; // Output: a-- = 10
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator
+
+The conditional operator (?:) is a shorthand for an `if-else` statement. It takes three operands.
+
+**Syntax:**
+
+```css
+condition ? expression1 : expression2;
+```
+
+If the condition is true, it evaluates `expression1`; otherwise, it evaluates `expression2`.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int a = 10, b = 20;
+    int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
+    cout << "The maximum value is " << max << endl;  // Output: The maximum value is 20
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 8. Compound Operators
+
+Compound operators combine an arithmetic operator with an assignment operator.
+
+- **Add and assign (+=)**
+- **Subtract and assign (-=)**
+- **Multiply and assign (\*=)**
+- **Divide and assign (/=)**
+- **Modulus and assign (%=)**
+
+These operators have already been covered under assignment operators.
+
+### 9. `sizeof` Operator
+
+The `sizeof` operator is used to determine the size of a data type or a variable in bytes.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    cout << "Size of int: " << sizeof(int) << " bytes" << endl;       // Output: 4 bytes
+    cout << "Size of double: " << sizeof(double) << " bytes" << endl; // Output: 8 bytes
+    int a;
+    cout << "Size of variable a: " << sizeof(a) << " bytes" << endl;  // Output: 4 bytes
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 10. Comma Operator
+
+The comma operator (,) is used to separate two or more expressions. The expressions are evaluated from left to right, and the value of the rightmost expression is the result.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int a, b;
+    a = (b = 3, b + 2);
+    cout << "a = " << a << endl;  // Output: a = 5
+    return 0;
+}
+```