day-13 content added (#228)

docs/day-13/_category_.json

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+{
+    "label": "Day 13",
+    "position": 14,
+    "link": {
+      "type": "generated-index"
+    }
+  }
+

docs/day-13/about_oops.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 1
+title: "Concepts of OOP - Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming"
+description: "In this tutorial, we will learn about the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), including its core principles and benefits."
+sidebar_label: "Introduction to OOP"
+slug: concepts-of-oop-introduction
+---
+
+## Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
+
+Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data and code to manipulate that data. OOP is designed to increase the flexibility and maintainability of programs.
+
+- ### **Core Principles of OOP:**
+  1. **Encapsulation:**
+     - Encapsulation is the mechanism of hiding the internal details of an object and only exposing a controlled interface.
+     - Example:
+       ```cpp
+       class Person {
+       private:
+           string name;
+           int age;
+       public:
+           void setName(string n) { name = n; }
+           string getName() { return name; }
+       };
+       ```
+
+  2. **Abstraction:**
+     - Abstraction means representing essential features without including background details.
+     - It allows focusing on what an object does instead of how it does it.
+     - Example:
+       ```cpp
+       class Animal {
+       public:
+           virtual void makeSound() = 0; // Pure virtual function
+       };
+       class Dog : public Animal {
+       public:
+           void makeSound() override {
+               cout << "Bark" << endl;
+           }
+       };
+       ```
+
+  3. **Inheritance:**
+     - Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.
+     - It promotes code reusability.
+     - Example:
+       ```cpp
+       class Vehicle {
+       public:
+           string brand = "Ford";
+       };
+       class Car : public Vehicle {
+       public:
+           string model = "Mustang";
+       };
+       ```
+
+  4. **Polymorphism:**
+     - Polymorphism means "many forms" and allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon.
+     - Example:
+       ```cpp
+       class Shape {
+       public:
+           virtual void draw() {
+               cout << "Drawing Shape" << endl;
+           }
+       };
+       class Circle : public Shape {
+       public:
+           void draw() override {
+               cout << "Drawing Circle" << endl;
+           }
+       };
+       ```
+
+- **Benefits of OOP:**
+  - **Modularity:** Code is divided into classes and objects, making it easier to manage and understand.
+  - **Reusability:** Classes can be reused in other programs.
+  - **Scalability:** Easy to add new features or objects.
+  - **Maintainability:** Easier to update and maintain code.

docs/day-13/oops_classes.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 2
+title: "Concepts of OOP - Classes"
+description: "In this tutorial, we will learn about the concept of classes in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with the help of examples. Classes are the blueprint for creating objects."
+sidebar_label: "Classes"
+slug: concepts-of-oop-classes
+---
+
+## Classes
+
+Classes are the fundamental building blocks of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). A class is a blueprint for creating objects, providing initial values for state (member variables or attributes), and implementations of behavior (member functions or methods).
+
+- ### **Defining a Class:**
+  - A class definition starts with the keyword `class` followed by the class name and a pair of curly braces `{}`.
+  - Member variables and member functions are declared within the class body.
+  - Syntax:
+    ```cpp
+    class ClassName {
+    public:
+        // Member variables
+        // Member functions
+    };
+    ```
+
+- **Example:**
+  - Defining a simple class `Car`:
+    ```cpp
+    class Car {
+    public:
+        string brand;
+        string model;
+        int year;
+
+        void displayInfo() {
+            cout << "Brand: " << brand << endl;
+            cout << "Model: " << model << endl;
+            cout << "Year: " << year << endl;
+        }
+    };
+    ```
+
+In this example, `Car` is a class with three member variables (`brand`, `model`, `year`) and one member function (`displayInfo`).

docs/day-13/oops_objects.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 3
+title: "Concepts of OOP - Objects"
+description: "In this tutorial, we will learn how to create and use objects in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with the help of examples. Objects are instances of classes."
+sidebar_label: "Objects"
+slug: concepts-of-oop-objects
+---
+
+## Objects
+
+Objects are instances of classes. They are created using the class definition and can be used to access member variables and functions.
+
+- **Creating an Object:**
+  - Syntax:
+    ```cpp
+    ClassName objectName;
+    ```
+  - Example:
+    ```cpp
+    Car myCar;
+    ```
+
+- **Accessing Members:**
+  - Member variables and functions are accessed using the dot operator (`.`).
+  - Example:
+    ```cpp
+    myCar.brand = "Toyota";
+    myCar.model = "Corolla";
+    myCar.year = 2020;
+    myCar.displayInfo();
+    ```
+
+- **Example Program:**
+  - Creating and using an object of the `Car` class:
+    ```cpp
+    #include <iostream>
+    using namespace std;
+
+    class Car {
+    public:
+        string brand;
+        string model;
+        int year;
+
+        void displayInfo() {
+            cout << "Brand: " << brand << endl;
+            cout << "Model: " << model << endl;
+            cout << "Year: " << year << endl;
+        }
+    };
+
+    int main() {
+        Car myCar;
+        myCar.brand = "Toyota";
+        myCar.model = "Corolla";
+        myCar.year = 2020;
+        myCar.displayInfo();
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+    ```
+
+In this example, an object `myCar` of the class `Car` is created, and its member variables are accessed and modified.