42 School - C++ (CPP) Modules

This repository contains the C++ (CPP) modules completed as part of the curriculum at 42 School. Each module consists of a series of exercises designed to reinforce and expand my knowledge of C++ programming concepts.

Module List

Module 00 - Namespace, class, member functions, stdio stream, initialization lists, static

• ex00 - String manipulation and command-line argument handling
• ex01 - Classes, Object instantiation, Basic I/O, String manipulation
• ex02 - File recreation, C++ programming, Object-oriented design

Resources:

• OOP in CPP: GeeksforGeeks
• std::cin.getline() vs. std::cin: Stack Overflow
• atoi() in cpp strings: Stack Overflow
• string.length() vs. string.size(): Stack Overflow
• Constructors in CPP: GeeksforGeeks
• Destructors in CPP: GeeksforGeeks
• C++: cin.getline - no instance of overload function: Stack Overflow
• C++ iomanip Library: YouTube

Module 01 - Memory allocation, References, Pointers to members, File streams

• ex00 - Classes, Member Functions, Pointers, Memory Allocation (stack vs. heap), Destructors

• ex01 - Arrays of Objects, Memory Allocation (array of objects), Object Initialization

• ex02 - Pointers, References, Memory Addresses

• ex03 - Composition, Aggregation, Object Relationships, Constructors, Setters

• ex04 - File I/O, Content copy to new file, Error Handling

• ex05 - Member Functions, Pointers to Member Functions, Enumeration, Logging

• ex06 - Switch Statement, Filtering, Logging

  Resources

• References in CPP: GeeksforGeeks

• Pointer to member functions: CodeGuru

• C++ Pointers - GeeksforGeeks: GeeksforGeeks

• How to Read File Line by Line in C++: Medium

• C++ File Handling: How to Open, Write, Read, Close Files in C++: Guru99

Module 02 - Ad-hoc polymorphism, operators overload, and canonical classes

• ex00 - Fixed-point numbers, Orthodox Canonical Form

• ex01 - Constructors (from int and float), Member Functions (toFloat, toInt), Operator Overloading

• ex02 - Operator Overloading (Comparison, Arithmetic, Increment/Decrement), Static Member Functions (min, max)

• ex03 - Binary Space Partitioning (BSP), Fixed-point arithmetic, Triangle Point Inclusion Test

  Resources

• Introduction to Fixed Point Number Representation: CS61c Spring 2006

• Back To Basics! Fixed Point Numbers in C++: YouTube

• Understanding and Using Floating Point Numbers : Cprogramming

• Printing floating point numbers - Cprogramming.com: Cprogramming.com

• Copy Constructor in C++ - GeeksforGeeks: GeeksforGeeks

• Overloading the assignment operator - LearnCpp.com: LearnCpp.com

• Floating and fixed point representation in C++: Medium

• Fixed Point Notation Basics : YouTube

• Decimal to Floating Point Conversion : YouTube

• IEEE 754 Standard for Floating Point Binary Arithmetic : YouTube

• OPERATORS and OPERATOR OVERLOADING in C++ : YouTube

• Overloading Increment and Decrement Operators in Postfix form : YouTube

• Overloading ++ for both pre and post increment : stackoverflow

• Check if a point lies inside a triangle : YouTube

Module 03 - Inheritance

• ex00 - Class implementation
• ex01 - Inheritance, Constructors/Destructors Chaining, Overriding Member Functions
• ex02 - Inheritance, Constructors/Destructors Chaining, Overriding Member Functions
• ex03 - Diamond Problem, Multiple Inheritance, Constructors/Destructors Chaining, Accessing Attributes and Member Functions from Parent Classes

Resources

• Inheritance And Polymorphism: YouTube
• C++ What is class inheritance?: YouTube
• Multiple Inheritance in C++: geeksforgeeks
• Multiple Inheritance // Giving your classes multiple parents: YouTube
• Multiple Inheritance Deep Dive: YouTube
• Hybrid Inheritance in C++ with Diamond Problem: YouTube

Module 04 - Subtype polymorphism, abstract classes, interfaces

• ex00 - Polymorphism, Inheritance, Virtual Functions
• ex01 - Memory Management, Deep Copy
• ex02 - Abstract Classes
• ex03 - Interfaces / Pure Abstract Classes

Resources

• Polymorphism in C++ | Compile time vs Run time Polymorphism: YouTube
• C++ Subtype Polymorphism and Virtual Functions: YouTube
• Virtual Functions & Abstract Classes in C++: YouTube
• Abstract Classes And Pure Virtual Functions: YouTube
• Declare abstract class in c++: stackoverflow
• C++ Programming/Classes/Abstract Classes/Pure Abstract Classes: Wikibooks
• What is the difference between abstract class and pure abstract class in C++?: stackoverflow
• Interfaces in C++ (Pure Virtual Functions: YouTube
• Interfaces in C++ (Pure virtual functions): YouTube
• C++ Programming: Abstract and Interface Classes: YouTube
• Abstract Class vs Pure Abstract Class | Interface | OOP C++: YouTube
• What are Forward declarations in C++: geeksforgeeks
• What are forward declarations in C++?: stackoverflow
• C++ : How to copy / clone a STL List or Sub List: thispointer

Module 05 - Try/Catch and Exceptions

• ex00 - Exception handling, class design
• ex01 - Exception handling, class design, member functions
• ex02 - Abstract classes, inheritance, polymorphism, execution logic
• ex03 - Factory method, class design, string manipulation

Resources

• Exception Handling - C++ Tutorial For Beginners NeuralNine
• Throwing Exceptions in C++ RollBar
• Exception handling in C++ (How to handle errors in your program?) CodeBeauty
• C++ Nested Try Catch statements | Re throwing Exceptions LearningLad
• How to Implement Custom Exceptions in C++ Rollbar Editorial Team
• std::exception cppreference
• Intermediate-Advanced C++ 3: Custom Exceptions Cave of Programming
• How to Create a Random Number Generator in C++ digitalocean
• C++ Files w3schools
• Is this really 50/50 chance? cplusplus
• Declaring an array of functions inside a class stackoverflow
• Factory Method in C++, the Right Way medium

Module 06 - C++ casts

• ex00 - type conversion, static_cast
• ex01 - reinterpret_cast
• ex02 - dynamic_cast

Resources

• Type Conversion in C++ scaler
• Type Conversions in C++ Neso Academy
• Type Punning in C++ The Cherno
• Casting in C++ The Cherno
• std::string::find_first_not_of cppreference
• strtof, strtod, strtold cppreference
• C++ Casting - Part 3 - static_cast and dynamic_cast (mega lesson) | Modern Cpp Series Mike Shah
• C++ Casting - Part 4 - static_cast vs dynamic_cast (Interview Question) Mike Shah
• C++ Casting - Part 5 - reinterpret_cast | Modern Cpp Series Mike Shah
• What is the uintptr_t data type? stackoverflow
• dynamic_cast conversion cppreference

Module 07 - C++ templates

• ex00 - template functions, swap, min, max
• ex01 - iterate with template
• ex02 - template class

Resources

• C++ Function Template programiz
• C++ Class Templates programiz
• Overloading Subscript or array index operator [] in C++ geeksforgeeks
• Why use a "tpp" file when implementing templated functions and classes defined in a header? stackoverflow
• Candidate template ignored: deduced conflicting types for parameter: <const T &> vs <T &> stackoverflow

Module 08 - Templated containers, iterators, algorithms

• ex00 - Function templates, container manipulation, exception handling
• ex01 - std::max, std::min, std::sort exceptions, iterators
• ex02 - Iterators, template specialization

Resources

• Back To Basics: C++ Containers javidx9
• Back to Basics: Classic STL - Bob Steagall - CppCon 2021 CppCon
• The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) geeksforgeeks
• Containers cplusplus
• C++ Vectors programiz
• std::max cppreference
• std::sort cppreference
• How do I find the max element in a vector (C++)? stackoverflow
• std::stack cppreference

Module 09 - STL

• ex00 - File manipulation, std::map, time parsing
• ex01 - Reverse Polish Notation, std::stack, input parsing
• ex02 - Merge sort algorithm, std::vector, std::deque, input parsing

Resources

• Substring in C++ geeksforgeeks
• C++ parse date/time with microseconds stackoverflow
• std::ifstream::ifstream cplusplus
• std::map one key, two values stackoverflow
• static template functions in a class stackoverflow
• **Reverse Polish Notation and The Stack ** Computerphile
• What is Reverse Polish Notation (AKA Postfix Notation)? Why is it Important? Gary Explains
• calculating execution time in c++ stackoverflow

Getting Started

1. Clone this repository:

   git clone github.com/snowhp/CPP-Modules

2. Navigate to the desired module/exercise directory:

   cd CPP00/ex00

3. Compile and run your program:

   make
   ./PROGRAM_EXECUTABLE_NAME (Depends on the exercise most are default [a.out] or the number of the exercise [ex00])

Feel free to send questions or improvements for module exercises.