fix: native extension: support older C++ ABIs

[seemk]

Prebuilds now work with CentOS 7 (and any other OS with ancient glibc++), getting rid of the need to install g++ and Python for the compile step.

• Get rid of C++ standard library in the native extension.
  • Replace std::chrono::system_clock with OS builtins.
  • Replace std::vector with tinystl::vector
  • Use const char* instead of std::string (really small strings)
• Add CentOS 7 build and prebuilds check to CI.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (887b5ed) 86.22% compared to head (6d7b754) 86.22%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #806   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   86.22%   86.22%           
=======================================
  Files          19       19           
  Lines         668      668           
  Branches      153      153           
=======================================
  Hits          576      576           
  Misses         92       92           

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