Facebook applications are simply websites that load in iframes on Facebook. Facebook provide documents loaded within these iframes with various data, such as information about the user accessing it or the Facebook Page it is accessed from. This data is encapsulated in signed requests. Fandjango parses signed requests, abstracts the information contained within and populates the request object accordingly.
You may find a sample application and a walkthrough to replicate it at the Fandjango Example repository.
Fandjango saves clients that have authorized your application in its User model. You may access
the corresponding model instance in request.facebook.user.
Instances of the User model have the following properties:
facebook_id- An integer describing the user's Facebook ID.facebook_username- A string describing the user's Facebook username.first_name- A string describing the user's first name.last_name- A string describing the user's last name.profile_url- A string describing the URL to the user's Facebook profile.gender- A string describing the user's gender.hometown- A string describing the user's home town (requires 'user_hometown' extended permission).location- A string describing the user's current location (requires 'user_location' extended permission).bio- A string describing the user's "about me" field on Facebook (requires 'user_about_me' extended permission).relationship_status- A string describing the user's relationship status (requires 'user_relationships' extended permission).political_views- A string describing the user's political views (requires 'user_religion_politics' extended permission).email- A string describing the user's email address (requires 'email' extended permission).website- A string describing the user's website (requires 'user_website' extended permission).picture- A string describing the URL to the user's profile picture.locale- A string describing the user's locale.verified- A boolean describing whether or not the user is verified by Facebook.birthday- A datetime object describing the user's birthday (requires 'user_birthday' extended permission)authorized- A boolean describing whether or not the user has currently authorized your application.oauth_token- An OAuth Token object.graph- A pre-initialized instance of Facebook's Python SDK or Facepy.created_at- A datetime object describing when the user was registered.last_seen_at- A datetime object describing when the user was last seen.
You may synchronize these properties with Facebook at any time with the model's synchronize method.
oauth_token is an instance of the OAuthToken model, which has the following properties:
token- A string describing the OAuth token itself.issued_at- A datetime object describing when the token was issued.expires_at- A datetime object describing when the token expires (orNoneif it doesn't)
If the client has not authorized your application, request.facebook.user is None.
You may require a client to authorize your application before accessing a view with the
facebook_authorization_required decorator.
from fandjango.decorators import facebook_authorization_required
@facebook_authorization_required()
def foo(request, *args, **kwargs):
pass
This will redirect the request to the Facebook authorization dialog, which will in
turn redirect back to the original URI. The decorator accepts an optional argument redirect_uri,
allowing you to customize the location the user is redirected to after authorizing the application:
from settings import FACEBOOK_APPLICATION_TAB_URL
from fandjango.decorators import facebook_authorization_required
@facebook_authorization_required(redirect_uri=FACEBOOK_APPLICATION_TAB_URL)
def foo(request, *args, **kwargs):
pass
If you prefer, you may redirect the request in a control flow of your own by using the
redirect_to_facebook_authorization function:
from fandjango.utils import redirect_to_facebook_authorization
def foo(request, *args, **kwargs):
if not request.facebook.user:
return redirect_to_facebook_authorization(redirect_uri='http://www.example.org/')
... or link to it from your template:
[...]
<a href="{% url authorize_application %}">Authorize application</a>
[...]
If the application is accessed from a tab on a Facebook Page, you'll find an instance of FacebookPage
in request.facebook.page.
Instances of the FacebookPage model have the following properties:
id-- An integer describing the id of the page.is_admin-- A boolean describing whether or not the current user is an administrator of the page.is_liked-- A boolean describing whether or not the current user likes the page.url-- A string describing the URL to the page.
If the application is not accessed from a tab on a Facebook Page, request.facebook.page is None.
Fandjango provides a template tag for loading and initializing Facebook's JavaScript SDK:
{% load facebook %}
{% facebook_init %}
# This code will be run once the JavaScript SDK has been loaded and initialized.
alert('It worked!')
{% endfacebook %}
pip install fandjango- Add
fandjangotoINSTALLED_APPS - Add
fandjango.middleware.FacebookMiddlewaretoMIDDLEWARE_CLASSES - Add
url(r'^fandjango/', include('fandjango.urls'))to your project's root URL configuration.
Note: If you're using Django's built-in CSRF protection middleware, you need to make sure Fandjango's middleware precedes it. Otherwise, Facebook's requests to your application will qualify cross-site request forgeries.
You may have to change your database schema when you upgrade Fandjango. Thankfully, schema migrations for South
have been bundled with Fandjango since v3.4.1 and upgrading your database is as simple as running ./manage.py migrate fandjango.
If you're not using South, you should start. If you don't want to, I suppose you could migrate your database schema manually... but you'd be making things really hard on yourself.
Fandjango looks to your settings file for its configuration.
FACEBOOK_APPLICATION_ID- Your Facebook application's ID.FACEBOOK_APPLICATION_SECRET_KEY- Your Facebook application's secret key.FACEBOOK_APPLICATION_URL- Your application's canvas URI (ex. http://apps.facebook.com/my_application).
FACEBOOK_APPLICATION_INITIAL_PERMISSIONS- A list of extended permissions to request upon authorizing the application (optional).FANDJANGO_DISABLED_PATHS- A list of regular expression patterns describing paths on which Fandjango should not act (optional). These should typically be paths that are accessed outside of the Facebook Canvas, such as Django's admin site.FANDJANGO_ENABLED_PATHS- A list of regular expression patterns describing paths on which Fandjango should act (optional). If undefined, Fandjango will operate on all paths.
If you'd like to track whether users currently authorize your application to interact with their accounts, you need to set the "deauthorize callback" option in your application's settings on Facebook to "[...]/fandjango/deauthorize_application.html".
There are a couple of ways to develop Facebook applications without pushing commits to a server to see how they fare:
-
Point your "Site URL" and "Canvas URL" in your application settings on Facebook to your local development server (e.g. "http://localhost:8000").
-
Inspect Facebook's initial POST request to your application and copy the signed request into the query string of your local development server (e.g. "http://localhost:8000/?signed_request[...])
Q: Do I need to pass the signed request around?
A: No. Fandjango caches the latest signed request in a cookie so you don't have to worry about it.
Q: Why does Django raise a CSRF exception when my application loads in the Facebook canvas?
A: As of March 2011, Facebook's initial request to your application is a HTTP POST request that evaluates
to an attempt at cross-site request forgery by Django's built-in CSRF protection. Fandjango remedies this by
overriding the request method of POST requests that only contain a signed request to GET, but you need to make
sure that its middleware is loaded before Django's CsrfViewMiddleware.
Q: Why does Fandjango set a new header called "P3P"?
A: P3P (or Platform for Privacy Preferences) is a W3 standard that enables websites to express their privacy practices in a standard format that can be retrieved automatically and interpreted easily by user agents. While this is largely ignored by most browsers, Internet Explorer will ignore cookies set by third-party websites (ie. websites loaded in iframes) unless it specifies some P3P policies.
You can read more about P3P at w3.org.
Q: What happens when the OAuth token expires?
A: Fandjango will automatically renew the signed request once the OAuth token expires. It does this by hijacking the request and redirecting the client to Facebook, which in turn redirects the client back to the URI it was originally retrieving with a new signed request attached.