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Add an option that allow checking unrealistic voltage only on final s…
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…tate of the loadflow. It allows outerloops to fix some voltage issues before failing.

Signed-off-by: MURGEY Sebastien <[email protected]>
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@murgeyseb
murgeyseb committed Sep 20, 2024
1 parent c4393ca commit d874b63
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Showing 8 changed files with 121 additions and 37 deletions.
21 changes: 21 additions & 0 deletions src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/OpenLoadFlowParameters.java
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Expand Up @@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ public enum FictitiousGeneratorVoltageControlCheckMode {

public static final String SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME = "slackDistributionFailureBehavior";

public static final String UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME = "unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior";

public static final String VOLTAGE_REMOTE_CONTROL_PARAM_NAME = "voltageRemoteControl";

public static final String GENERATOR_REACTIVE_POWER_REMOTE_CONTROL_PARAM_NAME = "generatorReactivePowerRemoteControl";
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -336,6 +338,7 @@ public static <E extends Enum<E>> List<Object> getEnumPossibleValues(Class<E> en
new Parameter(LOW_IMPEDANCE_BRANCH_MODE_PARAM_NAME, ParameterType.STRING, "Low impedance branch mode", LOW_IMPEDANCE_BRANCH_MODE_DEFAULT_VALUE.name(), getEnumPossibleValues(LowImpedanceBranchMode.class), ParameterScope.FUNCTIONAL, MODEL_CATEGORY_KEY),
new Parameter(VOLTAGE_REMOTE_CONTROL_PARAM_NAME, ParameterType.BOOLEAN, "Generator voltage remote control", VOLTAGE_REMOTE_CONTROL_DEFAULT_VALUE, ParameterScope.FUNCTIONAL, GENERATOR_VOLTAGE_CONTROL_CATEGORY_KEY),
new Parameter(SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME, ParameterType.STRING, "Behavior in case of slack distribution failure", SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT_VALUE.name(), getEnumPossibleValues(SlackDistributionFailureBehavior.class), ParameterScope.FUNCTIONAL, SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_CATEGORY_KEY),
new Parameter(UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME, ParameterType.STRING, "Behavior in case of unrealistic voltage", NewtonRaphsonParameters.DEFAULT_UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR.name(), getEnumPossibleValues(NewtonRaphsonParameters.UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior.class)),
new Parameter(LOAD_POWER_FACTOR_CONSTANT_PARAM_NAME, ParameterType.BOOLEAN, "Load power factor is constant", LOAD_POWER_FACTOR_CONSTANT_DEFAULT_VALUE, ParameterScope.FUNCTIONAL, SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_CATEGORY_KEY),
new Parameter(PLAUSIBLE_ACTIVE_POWER_LIMIT_PARAM_NAME, ParameterType.DOUBLE, "Plausible active power limit", LfNetworkParameters.PLAUSIBLE_ACTIVE_POWER_LIMIT_DEFAULT_VALUE, ParameterScope.FUNCTIONAL, SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_CATEGORY_KEY),
new Parameter(SLACK_BUS_P_MAX_MISMATCH_PARAM_NAME, ParameterType.DOUBLE, "Slack bus max active power mismatch", SLACK_BUS_P_MAX_MISMATCH_DEFAULT_VALUE, ParameterScope.FUNCTIONAL, SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_CATEGORY_KEY),
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -435,6 +438,8 @@ public enum ReportedFeatures {

private SlackDistributionFailureBehavior slackDistributionFailureBehavior = SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT_VALUE;

private NewtonRaphsonParameters.UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior = NewtonRaphsonParameters.DEFAULT_UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR;

private boolean voltageRemoteControl = VOLTAGE_REMOTE_CONTROL_DEFAULT_VALUE;

private LowImpedanceBranchMode lowImpedanceBranchMode = LOW_IMPEDANCE_BRANCH_MODE_DEFAULT_VALUE;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -627,6 +632,15 @@ public OpenLoadFlowParameters setSlackDistributionFailureBehavior(SlackDistribut
return this;
}

public NewtonRaphsonParameters.UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior getUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior() {
return unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior;
}

public OpenLoadFlowParameters setUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior(NewtonRaphsonParameters.UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior) {
this.unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior = Objects.requireNonNull(unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior);
return this;
}

public boolean isVoltageRemoteControl() {
return voltageRemoteControl;
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1285,6 +1299,7 @@ public static OpenLoadFlowParameters load(PlatformConfig platformConfig) {
.setLowImpedanceBranchMode(config.getEnumProperty(LOW_IMPEDANCE_BRANCH_MODE_PARAM_NAME, LowImpedanceBranchMode.class, LOW_IMPEDANCE_BRANCH_MODE_DEFAULT_VALUE))
.setVoltageRemoteControl(config.getBooleanProperty(VOLTAGE_REMOTE_CONTROL_PARAM_NAME, VOLTAGE_REMOTE_CONTROL_DEFAULT_VALUE))
.setSlackDistributionFailureBehavior(config.getEnumProperty(SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME, SlackDistributionFailureBehavior.class, SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_DEFAULT_VALUE))
.setUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior(config.getEnumProperty(UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME, NewtonRaphsonParameters.UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior.class, NewtonRaphsonParameters.DEFAULT_UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR))
.setLoadPowerFactorConstant(config.getBooleanProperty(LOAD_POWER_FACTOR_CONSTANT_PARAM_NAME, LOAD_POWER_FACTOR_CONSTANT_DEFAULT_VALUE))
.setPlausibleActivePowerLimit(config.getDoubleProperty(PLAUSIBLE_ACTIVE_POWER_LIMIT_PARAM_NAME, LfNetworkParameters.PLAUSIBLE_ACTIVE_POWER_LIMIT_DEFAULT_VALUE))
.setNewtonRaphsonStoppingCriteriaType(config.getEnumProperty(NEWTONRAPHSON_STOPPING_CRITERIA_TYPE_PARAM_NAME, NewtonRaphsonStoppingCriteriaType.class, NEWTONRAPHSON_STOPPING_CRITERIA_TYPE_DEFAULT_VALUE))
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1373,6 +1388,8 @@ public OpenLoadFlowParameters update(Map<String, String> properties) {
.ifPresent(prop -> this.setVoltageRemoteControl(Boolean.parseBoolean(prop)));
Optional.ofNullable(properties.get(SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME))
.ifPresent(prop -> this.setSlackDistributionFailureBehavior(SlackDistributionFailureBehavior.valueOf(prop)));
Optional.ofNullable(properties.get(UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME))
.ifPresent(prop -> this.setUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior(NewtonRaphsonParameters.UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior.valueOf(prop)));
Optional.ofNullable(properties.get(LOAD_POWER_FACTOR_CONSTANT_PARAM_NAME))
.ifPresent(prop -> this.setLoadPowerFactorConstant(Boolean.parseBoolean(prop)));
Optional.ofNullable(properties.get(PLAUSIBLE_ACTIVE_POWER_LIMIT_PARAM_NAME))
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1510,6 +1527,7 @@ public Map<String, Object> toMap() {
map.put(SLACK_BUS_SELECTION_MODE_PARAM_NAME, slackBusSelectionMode);
map.put(SLACK_BUSES_IDS_PARAM_NAME, slackBusesIds);
map.put(SLACK_DISTRIBUTION_FAILURE_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME, slackDistributionFailureBehavior);
map.put(UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR_PARAM_NAME, unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior);
map.put(VOLTAGE_REMOTE_CONTROL_PARAM_NAME, voltageRemoteControl);
map.put(LOW_IMPEDANCE_BRANCH_MODE_PARAM_NAME, lowImpedanceBranchMode);
map.put(LOAD_POWER_FACTOR_CONSTANT_PARAM_NAME, loadPowerFactorConstant);
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1782,6 +1800,7 @@ public static AcLoadFlowParameters createAcParameters(LoadFlowParameters paramet
var newtonRaphsonParameters = new NewtonRaphsonParameters()
.setStoppingCriteria(createNewtonRaphsonStoppingCriteria(parametersExt))
.setMaxIterations(parametersExt.getMaxNewtonRaphsonIterations())
.setUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior(parametersExt.getUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior())
.setMinRealisticVoltage(parametersExt.getMinRealisticVoltage())
.setMaxRealisticVoltage(parametersExt.getMaxRealisticVoltage())
.setStateVectorScalingMode(parametersExt.getStateVectorScalingMode())
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1915,6 +1934,7 @@ public static boolean equals(LoadFlowParameters parameters1, LoadFlowParameters
return extension1.getSlackBusSelectionMode() == extension2.getSlackBusSelectionMode() &&
extension1.getSlackBusesIds().equals(extension2.getSlackBusesIds()) &&
extension1.getSlackDistributionFailureBehavior() == extension2.getSlackDistributionFailureBehavior() &&
extension1.getUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior() == extension2.getUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior() &&
extension1.isVoltageRemoteControl() == extension2.isVoltageRemoteControl() &&
extension1.getLowImpedanceBranchMode() == extension2.getLowImpedanceBranchMode() &&
extension1.isLoadPowerFactorConstant() == extension2.isLoadPowerFactorConstant() &&
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2008,6 +2028,7 @@ public static LoadFlowParameters clone(LoadFlowParameters parameters) {
.setSlackBusSelectionMode(extension.getSlackBusSelectionMode())
.setSlackBusesIds(new ArrayList<>(extension.getSlackBusesIds()))
.setSlackDistributionFailureBehavior(extension.getSlackDistributionFailureBehavior())
.setUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior(extension.getUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior())
.setVoltageRemoteControl(extension.isVoltageRemoteControl())
.setLowImpedanceBranchMode(extension.getLowImpedanceBranchMode())
.setLoadPowerFactorConstant(extension.isLoadPowerFactorConstant())
Expand Down
27 changes: 19 additions & 8 deletions src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/AcloadFlowEngine.java
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -27,10 +27,7 @@
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.*;

/**
* @author Geoffroy Jamgotchian {@literal <geoffroy.jamgotchian at rte-france.com>}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -108,14 +105,28 @@ private void runOuterLoop(AcOuterLoop outerLoop, AcOuterLoopContext outerLoopCon
outerLoopIteration.increment();
}
} while (outerLoopResult.status() == OuterLoopStatus.UNSTABLE
&& runningContext.lastSolverResult.getStatus() == AcSolverStatus.CONVERGED
&& lastResultStatusAcceptable(runningContext, context.getParameters().getNewtonRaphsonParameters())
&& runningContext.outerLoopTotalIterations < context.getParameters().getMaxOuterLoopIterations());

if (outerLoopResult.status() != OuterLoopStatus.STABLE) {
Reports.reportUnsuccessfulOuterLoop(olReportNode, outerLoopResult.status().name());
}
}

private static boolean lastResultStatusAcceptable(RunningContext runningContext, NewtonRaphsonParameters nrParameters) {
switch (runningContext.lastSolverResult.getStatus()) {
case CONVERGED -> {
return true;
}
case UNREALISTIC_STATE -> {
return nrParameters.getUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior() == NewtonRaphsonParameters.UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior.FAIL_AT_UNREALISTIC_STATE_IN_FINAL_ITERATION_ONLY;
}
default -> {
return false;
}
}
}

@Override
public AcLoadFlowResult run() {
LOGGER.info("Start AC loadflow on network {}", context.getNetwork());
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -159,7 +170,7 @@ public AcLoadFlowResult run() {
runningContext.nrTotalIterations.add(runningContext.lastSolverResult.getIterations());

// continue with outer loops only if solver succeed
if (runningContext.lastSolverResult.getStatus() == AcSolverStatus.CONVERGED) {
if (lastResultStatusAcceptable(runningContext, context.getParameters().getNewtonRaphsonParameters())) {

// re-run all outer loops until solver failed or no more solver iterations are needed
int oldNrTotalIterations;
Expand All @@ -174,14 +185,14 @@ public AcLoadFlowResult run() {
// - last solver run succeed,
// - last OuterLoopStatus is not FAILED
// - we have not reached max number of outer loop iteration
if (runningContext.lastSolverResult.getStatus() != AcSolverStatus.CONVERGED
if (!lastResultStatusAcceptable(runningContext, context.getParameters().getNewtonRaphsonParameters())
|| runningContext.lastOuterLoopResult.status() == OuterLoopStatus.FAILED
|| runningContext.outerLoopTotalIterations >= context.getParameters().getMaxOuterLoopIterations()) {
break;
}
}
} while (runningContext.nrTotalIterations.getValue() > oldNrTotalIterations
&& runningContext.lastSolverResult.getStatus() == AcSolverStatus.CONVERGED
&& lastResultStatusAcceptable(runningContext, context.getParameters().getNewtonRaphsonParameters())
&& runningContext.lastOuterLoopResult.status() != OuterLoopStatus.FAILED
&& runningContext.outerLoopTotalIterations < context.getParameters().getMaxOuterLoopIterations());
}
Expand Down
54 changes: 54 additions & 0 deletions src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/UnrealisticVoltageCheck.java
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2024, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
*/
package com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac;

import com.powsybl.commons.report.ReportNode;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations.AcEquationType;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations.AcVariableType;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.solver.NewtonRaphsonParameters;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.equations.*;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.network.LfNetwork;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.util.Reports;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.*;

/**
* @author Sebastien Murgey {@literal <sebastien.murgey at rte-france.com>}
*/
public final class UnrealisticVoltageCheck {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnrealisticVoltageCheck.class);

private UnrealisticVoltageCheck() {
}

public static boolean isStateUnrealistic(LfNetwork network, EquationSystem<AcVariableType, AcEquationType> equationSystem, NewtonRaphsonParameters parameters, ReportNode reportNode) {
Map<String, Double> busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange = new LinkedHashMap<>();
for (Variable<AcVariableType> v : equationSystem.getIndex().getSortedVariablesToFind()) {
if (v.getType() == AcVariableType.BUS_V && !network.getBus(v.getElementNum()).isFictitious()) {
double value = equationSystem.getStateVector().get(v.getRow());
if (value < parameters.getMinRealisticVoltage() || value > parameters.getMaxRealisticVoltage()) {
busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.put(network.getBus(v.getElementNum()).getId(), value);
}
}
}
if (!busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.isEmpty()) {
if (LOGGER.isTraceEnabled()) {
for (var e : busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.entrySet()) {
LOGGER.trace("Bus '{}' has an unrealistic voltage magnitude: {} pu", e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
}
LOGGER.error("{} buses have a voltage magnitude out of range [{}, {}]: {}",
busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.size(), parameters.getMinRealisticVoltage(), parameters.getMaxRealisticVoltage(), busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange);

Reports.reportNewtonRaphsonBusesOutOfRealisticVoltageRange(reportNode, busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange, parameters.getMinRealisticVoltage(), parameters.getMaxRealisticVoltage());
}
return !busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.isEmpty();
}
}
28 changes: 3 additions & 25 deletions src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/solver/NewtonRaphson.java
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@

import com.powsybl.commons.report.ReportNode;
import com.powsybl.math.matrix.MatrixException;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.UnrealisticVoltageCheck;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations.AcEquationType;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.ac.equations.AcVariableType;
import com.powsybl.openloadflow.equations.*;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -172,30 +173,6 @@ private AcSolverStatus runIteration(StateVectorScaling svScaling, MutableInt ite
}
}

private boolean isStateUnrealistic(ReportNode reportNode) {
Map<String, Double> busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange = new LinkedHashMap<>();
for (Variable<AcVariableType> v : equationSystem.getIndex().getSortedVariablesToFind()) {
if (v.getType() == AcVariableType.BUS_V && !network.getBus(v.getElementNum()).isFictitious()) {
double value = equationSystem.getStateVector().get(v.getRow());
if (value < parameters.getMinRealisticVoltage() || value > parameters.getMaxRealisticVoltage()) {
busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.put(network.getBus(v.getElementNum()).getId(), value);
}
}
}
if (!busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.isEmpty()) {
if (LOGGER.isTraceEnabled()) {
for (var e : busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.entrySet()) {
LOGGER.trace("Bus '{}' has an unrealistic voltage magnitude: {} pu", e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
}
LOGGER.error("{} buses have a voltage magnitude out of range [{}, {}]: {}",
busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.size(), parameters.getMinRealisticVoltage(), parameters.getMaxRealisticVoltage(), busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange);

Reports.reportNewtonRaphsonBusesOutOfRealisticVoltageRange(reportNode, busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange, parameters.getMinRealisticVoltage(), parameters.getMaxRealisticVoltage());
}
return !busesOutOfNormalVoltageRange.isEmpty();
}

@Override
public AcSolverResult run(VoltageInitializer voltageInitializer, ReportNode reportNode) {
// initialize state vector
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -236,7 +213,8 @@ public AcSolverResult run(VoltageInitializer voltageInitializer, ReportNode repo
}

// update network state variable
if (status == AcSolverStatus.CONVERGED && isStateUnrealistic(reportNode)) {
if (status == AcSolverStatus.CONVERGED &&
UnrealisticVoltageCheck.isStateUnrealistic(network, equationSystem, parameters, reportNode)) {
status = AcSolverStatus.UNREALISTIC_STATE;
}

Expand Down
19 changes: 19 additions & 0 deletions src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/solver/NewtonRaphsonParameters.java
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -14,6 +14,13 @@
*/
public class NewtonRaphsonParameters extends AbstractNewtonParameters<NewtonRaphsonParameters> {

public enum UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior {
FAIL_AT_UNREALISTIC_STATE_IN_ANY_ITERATION,
FAIL_AT_UNREALISTIC_STATE_IN_FINAL_ITERATION_ONLY
}

public static final UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior DEFAULT_UNREALISTIC_VOLTAGE_CHECK_BEHAVIOR = UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior.FAIL_AT_UNREALISTIC_STATE_IN_ANY_ITERATION;

public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_ITERATIONS = 15;
public static final double DEFAULT_MIN_REALISTIC_VOLTAGE = 0.5;
public static final double DEFAULT_MAX_REALISTIC_VOLTAGE = 2;
Expand All @@ -24,6 +31,8 @@ public NewtonRaphsonParameters() {
super(DEFAULT_MAX_ITERATIONS);
}

private UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior;

private double minRealisticVoltage = DEFAULT_MIN_REALISTIC_VOLTAGE;

private double maxRealisticVoltage = DEFAULT_MAX_REALISTIC_VOLTAGE;
Expand All @@ -42,6 +51,15 @@ public NewtonRaphsonParameters() {

private boolean alwaysUpdateNetwork = ALWAYS_UPDATE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_VALUE;

public UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior getUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior() {
return unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior;
}

public NewtonRaphsonParameters setUnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior(UnrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior) {
this.unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior = unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior;
return this;
}

public double getMinRealisticVoltage() {
return minRealisticVoltage;
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -128,6 +146,7 @@ public NewtonRaphsonParameters setMaxVoltageChangeStateVectorScalingMaxDphi(doub
public String toString() {
return "NewtonRaphsonParameters(" +
"maxIterations=" + maxIterations +
", unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior=" + unrealisticVoltageCheckBehavior +
", minRealisticVoltage=" + minRealisticVoltage +
", maxRealisticVoltage=" + maxRealisticVoltage +
", stoppingCriteria=" + stoppingCriteria.getClass().getSimpleName() +
Expand Down
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