Warning This repository is deprecated. See https://docs.owid.io/projects/etl/en/latest/

Importers

Bulk import scripts for ingesting large external datasets into OWID's master dataset.

Overview

OWID keeps a master MySQL database of the charts that appear on our website, as well as the datasets used to create these charts (see owid-grapher).

The importers repository aids in the maintenance of this database by:

1. Importing datasets: The folders in this repository contain scripts for uploading external datasets to the database at regular intervals, such as the World Bank World Development Indicators. Only some of the datasets in our database are updated in this way. Most are instead manually added to the database by OWID researchers using the grapher admin interface.

2. Suggesting chart revisions: Once a new version of a dataset has been uploaded to the database, the next task is to update the corresponding OWID charts to display the newly available data in place of the old data. Because dataset imports create a new version of an existing dataset rather than overwriting an old version of the same dataset, the relevant charts must be amended to display the new data. The scripts in this repository suggest these chart revisions, which are then manually approved or rejected by an OWID researcher using the grapher admin interface.

Development

1. install Python 3.8+ and required packages:

pip install -r requirements.txt

2. Copy .env.example to .env and change any variables as needed. If you are unsure what to change, ask a member of the OWID data team.

cp .env.example .env

3. Follow the setup instructions in the owid-grapher repository to initialize a local version of the OWID MySQL database.

Note: After following the setup instructions, you must initialize the suggested_chart_revisions MySQL table by switching to the feature/admin-suggested-chart-revision-approver branch of the owid-grapher repository and running yarn buildTsc && yarn typeorm migration:run.

Folder structure

Each dataset has its own folder {institution}_{dataset}/ (e.g. worldbank_wdi/ for the World Bank World Development Indicators), containing all code and configuration files required to execute the dataset import and suggest the chart revisions.

Typical folder structure:

__init__.py # used for storing dataset constants (e.g. {DATASET_NAME}, {DATASET_VERSION})
main.py     # executes all 6 steps in sequence
...         # helper scripts (e.g. `download.py`, `clean.py`)
input/      # original copy of the dataset
output/     # the cleaned data to be imported + other *generated* files for steps 1-6
config/     # *manually* constructed files for steps 1-6.

See worldbank_wdi/ for a recent example to follow.

Conventions to follow

Each {institution}_{dataset}/ folder executes the same 6 steps to import a dataset and suggest chart revisions:

1. Download the data.

   • Example: worldbank_wdi/download.py.

2. Specify which variables in the dataset are to be cleaned and imported into the database.

   • This information is typically stored in a variables_to_clean.json file. Example: worldbank_wdi/output/variables_to_clean.json.
   • For some datasets, it makes sense to generate variables_to_clean.json programmatically (as in worldbank_wdi/init_variables_to_clean.py), in which case variables_to_clean.json should be stored in the output/ sub-folder. For other datasets, it may make more sense for you to generate variables_to_clean.json manually, in which case it should be stored in the config/ sub-folder.

3. Clean/transform/manipulate the selected variables prior to import.

   • This step involves the construction of metadata for each variable (name, description, ...), as well as any required sanity checks on data observations, the removal or correction of problematic data observations, data transformations (e.g. per capita), et cetera.
   • The cleaned variables must be saved in CSV files in preparation for import into MySQL. See standard_importer/README.md for the required CSV format.
   • Example: worldbank_wdi/clean.py.

Note: This step generally requires usage of OWID's Country Standardizer Tool (owid.cloud/admin/standardize, or localhost:3030/admin/standardize if you are running the grapher locally). This step requires you to upload a list of all unique country/entity names in the dataset to the country standardizer tool and then save the resulting downloaded csv file to {DATASET_DIR}/config/standardized_entity_names.csv (e.g. worldbank_wdi/config/standardized_entity_names.csv) for use in your cleaning script to harmonize all entity names with OWID entity names.

4. Import the dataset into MySQL.

   • The standard_importer/import_dataset.py module exists to implement this step for any dataset, as long as you have saved the cleaned variables from step 3 in the required CSV format.

5. For each variable in the new dataset, specify which variable in the old dataset is its equivalent.

   • This information is typically stored in a variable_replacements.json file. Example: worldbank_wdi/output/variable_replacements.json.
   • For some datasets, it makes sense to generate variable_replacements.json programmatically (as in worldbank_wdi/match_variables.py), in which case variable_replacements.json should be stored in the output/ sub-folder. For other datasets, it may make more sense for you to generate variable_replacements.json manually, in which case it should be stored in the config/ sub-folder.

6. Suggest the chart revisions using the oldVariable -> newVariable key-value pairs from variable_replacements.json.

   • The standard_importer/chart_revision_suggester.py module exists to implement this step for any dataset.

Historical data transformations might have used Jupyter notebooks, but all recent ones use Python or R scripts.