[GR-18163] Implement rb_str_format C function #5011

Job	Run time
build jvm	6m 37s
lint	7m 21s
ruby/spec on CRuby 3.0	3m 31s
build native	13m 25s
ruby/spec on CRuby 3.1	3m 36s
ruby/spec on CRuby 3.2	2m 58s
specs :truffle	14m 53s
fast specs	1m 37s
test integration	9m 43s
specs :language :core	12m 40s
specs :library :cext :security :command_line :tracepoint	9m 39s
test native	3m 13s
run MRI tests on native	19m 48s
	1h 49m 1s

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