Introduce bounding box column definition

examples/example_metadata.json

@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@
           180.0,
           83.6451
         ],
+        "covering": {
+          "bbox": {
+            "xmax": "bbox.xmax",
+            "xmin": "bbox.xmin",
+            "ymax": "bbox.ymax",
+            "ymin": "bbox.ymin"
+          }
+        },
         "crs": {
           "$schema": "https://proj.org/schemas/v0.6/projjson.schema.json",
           "area": "World.",

format-specs/geoparquet.md

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ Each geometry column in the dataset MUST be included in the `columns` field abov
 | edges          | string       | Name of the coordinate system for the edges. Must be one of `"planar"` or `"spherical"`. The default value is `"planar"`. |
 | bbox           | \[number]    | Bounding Box of the geometries in the file, formatted according to [RFC 7946, section 5](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-5). |
 | epoch          | number       | Coordinate epoch in case of a dynamic CRS, expressed as a decimal year. |
+| covering       | object       | Object containing information like bounding boxes to help accelerate spatial data retrieval |
+
 
 #### crs
 
@@ -134,6 +136,36 @@ For non-geographic coordinate reference systems, the items in the bbox are minim
 
 The bbox values are in the same coordinate reference system as the geometry.
 
+#### covering
+
+The covering field specifies optional simplified representations of each geometry. The keys of the "covering" object MUST be a supported encoding. Currently the only supported encoding is "bbox" which specifies the names of [bounding box columns](#bounding-box-columns)
+
+Example:
+```
+"covering": {
+    "bbox": {
+        "xmin": "bbox.xmin",
+        "ymin": "bbox.ymin",
+        "xmax": "bbox.xmax",
+        "ymax": "bbox.ymax"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+##### bbox covering encoding
+
+Including a per-row bounding box can be useful for accelerating spatial queries by allowing consumers to inspect row group bounding box summary statistics. Furthermore a bounding box may be used to avoid complex spatial operations by first checking for bounding box overlaps. This field captures the name of a column containing the bounding box of the geometry for every row.
+
+The format of `bbox` encoding is `{"xmin": "column_name.xmin", "ymin": "column_name.ymin", "xmax": "column_name.xmax", "ymax": "column_name.ymax"}` where `column_name` MUST exist in the Parquet file and meet the criteria in the [Bounding Box Column](#bounding-box-columns) definition. The values MUST end in `.xmin`, `.ymin`, etc. All values MUST use the same column name.
+
+Note: the value specified in this field should not be confused with the top-level [`bbox`](#bbox) field which contains the single bounding box of this geometry over the whole GeoParquet file.
+
+### Bounding Box Columns
+
+A bounding box column MUST be a Parquet group field with 4 child fields named `xmin`, `xmax`, `ymin`, and `ymax`. For three dimensions the additional fields `zmin` and `zmax` MAY be present but are not required. The fields MUST be of Parquet type `FLOAT` or `DOUBLE`. The repetition of a bounding box column MUST match the geometry column's [repetition](#repetition). A row MUST contain a bounding box value if and only if the row contains a geometry value. In cases where the geometry is optional and a row not contain a geometry value, the row MUST NOT contain a bounding box value.
+
+The bounding box column MUST be at the root of the schema. The bounding box column MUST NOT be nested in a group.
+
 ### Additional information
 
 #### Feature identifiers

format-specs/schema.json

@@ -71,6 +71,34 @@
             },
             "epoch": {
               "type": "number"
+            },
+            "covering": {
+              "type": "object",
+              "minProperties": 1,
+              "properties": {
+                "bbox": {
+                  "type": "object",
+                  "required": ["xmin", "xmax", "ymin", "ymax"],
+                  "properties": {
+                    "xmin": {
+                      "type": "string",
+                      "pattern": "\\.xmin$"
+                    },
+                    "xmax": {
+                      "type": "string",
+                      "pattern": "\\.xmax$"
+                    },
+                    "ymin": {
+                      "type": "string",
+                      "pattern": "\\.ymin$"
+                    },
+                    "ymax": {
+                      "type": "string",
+                      "pattern": "\\.ymax$"
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             }
           }
         }

scripts/generate_example.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
    >>> import json, pprint, pyarrow.parquet as pq
    >>> pprint.pprint(json.loads(pq.read_schema("example.parquet").metadata[b"geo"]))
 """
+from collections import OrderedDict
 import json
 import pathlib
 
@@ -19,6 +20,14 @@
 
 df = geopandas.read_file(geopandas.datasets.get_path("naturalearth_lowres"))
 df = df.to_crs("ogc:84")
+
+geometry_bbox = df.bounds.rename(
+    OrderedDict(
+        [("minx", "xmin"), ("miny", "ymin"), ("maxx", "xmax"), ("maxy", "ymax")]
+    ),
+    axis=1,
+)
+df["bbox"] = geometry_bbox.to_dict("records")
 table = pa.Table.from_pandas(df.head().to_wkb())
 
 
@@ -39,14 +48,19 @@ def get_version() -> str:
             "crs": json.loads(df.crs.to_json()),
             "edges": "planar",
             "bbox": [round(x, 4) for x in df.total_bounds],
+            "covering": {
+                "bbox": {
+                    "xmin": "bbox.xmin",
+                    "ymin": "bbox.ymin",
+                    "xmax": "bbox.xmax",
+                    "ymax": "bbox.ymax",
+                },
+            },
         },
     },
 }
 
-schema = (
-    table.schema
-    .with_metadata({"geo": json.dumps(metadata)})
-)
+schema = table.schema.with_metadata({"geo": json.dumps(metadata)})
 table = table.cast(schema)
 
 pq.write_table(table, HERE / "../examples/example.parquet")

scripts/test_json_schema.py

@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ def get_version() -> str:
         "geometry": {
             "encoding": "WKB",
             "geometry_types": [],
+            "covering": {
+                "bbox": {
+                    "xmin": "bbox.xmin",
+                    "ymin": "bbox.ymin",
+                    "xmax": "bbox.xmax",
+                    "ymax": "bbox.ymax",
+                },
+            },
         },
     },
 }
@@ -210,6 +218,59 @@ def get_version() -> str:
 metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["epoch"] = "2015.1"
 invalid_cases["epoch_string"] = metadata
 
+# Geometry Bbox
+
+# Allow "any_column.xmin" etc.
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"] = {
+    "xmin": "any_column.xmin",
+    "ymin": "any_column.ymin",
+    "xmax": "any_column.xmax",
+    "ymax": "any_column.ymax",
+}
+valid_cases["valid_but_not_bbox_struct_name"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"].pop("bbox")
+invalid_cases["empty_geometry_bbox"] = metadata
+
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"] = {}
+invalid_cases["empty_geometry_bbox_missing_fields"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"].pop("xmin")
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_missing_xmin"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"].pop("ymin")
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_missing_ymin"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"].pop("xmax")
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_missing_xmax"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"].pop("ymax")
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_missing_ymax"] = metadata
+
+## Invalid bbox xmin/xmax/ymin/ymax values
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"]["xmin"] = "not_bbox_dot_xmin"
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_invalid_xmin"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"]["xmax"] = "not_bbox_dot_xmax"
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_invalid_xmax"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"]["ymin"] = "not_bbox_dot_ymin"
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_invalid_ymin"] = metadata
+
+metadata = copy.deepcopy(metadata_template)
+metadata["columns"]["geometry"]["covering"]["bbox"]["ymax"] = "not_bbox_dot_ymax"
+invalid_cases["covering_bbox_invalid_ymax"] = metadata
 
 # # Tests