Merge pull request #89 from nhs-r-community/add-inclusion

Add inclusion

_quarto.yml

@@ -21,14 +21,15 @@ book:
     - index.qmd
     - intro.qmd
     - background_literature.qmd
-    - nhs-number.qmd
-    - peer-groups.qmd
     - data_sources.qmd
-    - public-health-profiles.qmd
-    - imd.qmd
     - gender.qmd
     - idd-aut.qmd
+    - imd.qmd
+    - inclusion-health.qmd
     - mapping.qmd
+    - nhs-number.qmd
+    - peer-groups.qmd
+    - public-health-profiles.qmd
 
   repo-url: https://github.com/nhs-r-community/health-inequalities-notebook
   repo-branch: main

imd.qmd

@@ -2,20 +2,18 @@
 title: "Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)"
 ---
 
-# Index of Multiple Deprivation
-
 The latest available IMD data for England is from 2019.
 
-:::{.callout-important collapse=false appearance='default' icon=true}
+::: {.callout-important collapse="false" appearance="default" icon="true"}
 ## Updated IMD for England
+
 This is expected to be released in late 2025 by [Oxford Consultants for Social Inclusion (OCSI)](https://ocsi.uk/2023/07/10/we-are-updating-the-english-indices-of-deprivation/).
 
 The consultation outcome was released in 2022 by the [Department for Levelling up, Housing & Communities](https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/indices-futures-updating-the-english-indices-of-deprivation-iod-consultation/outcome/indices-futures-updating-the-english-indices-of-deprivation-iod-consultation-government-reponse)
 
 Thanks to the NHS-R Community for finding and sharing these links on the NHS-R Slack
 :::
 
-
 IMD is very useful for categorising the area a person lives in for deprivation. Deprivation is by country and do not include the other nations. Deciles are the most commonly used way of referring to IMD and are taken from the scores which are ordered and then cut into 10. For deciles the 1 is the most deprived area and 10 is the least deprived.
 
 [Wikipedia link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_deprivation_index)\
@@ -279,9 +277,7 @@ Technical report for 2019: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/
 
 Example Shiny app from [Trafford Data Lab](https://trafforddatalab.shinyapps.io/imd19/) with published code on [GitHub](https://github.com/traffordDataLab/imd19/blob/master/app.R).
 
-[English indices of deprivation 2019: Postcode Lookup](https://imd-by-postcode.opendatacommunities.org/imd/2019) for csv uploads. 
-Do check for Information Governance when using sensitive data as, even though these should be loaded separate to other information, this may not be authorised. 
-Also this won't be considered part of a Reproducible Analytical Pipeline as this is a manual step.
+[English indices of deprivation 2019: Postcode Lookup](https://imd-by-postcode.opendatacommunities.org/imd/2019) for csv uploads. Do check for Information Governance when using sensitive data as, even though these should be loaded separate to other information, this may not be authorised. Also this won't be considered part of a Reproducible Analytical Pipeline as this is a manual step.
 
 # Referencing IMD in a paper or research
 

inclusion-health.qmd

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+title: "Inclusion Health"
+---
+
+> Inclusion health is an umbrella term used to describe people who are socially excluded, who typically experience multiple interacting risk factors for poor health, such as stigma, discrimination, poverty, violence, and complex trauma.
+
+[NHS England National Framework for NHS action on inclusion health](https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/a-national-framework-for-nhs-action-on-inclusion-health/)
+
+Finding these groups in data can be particularly difficult.
+Groups include:
+
+- People who experience homelessness
+- People with drug and alcohol dependence
+- Vulnerable migrants and refugees
+- Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller communities
+- People in contact with the justice system
+- Victims of modern slavery
+- Sex workers
+- Other marginalised groups
+
+## Postcodes 
+
+### England
+
+Homelessness and no fixed abode have implications for commissioning under usual place of residence but also for health inequality analysis.
+The guidance for [commissioner assignment](https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/commissioner-assignment-method-flow-chart-2024-25-accompanying-guidance-and-reference-tables/) can help understand how data has been entered and what that intention was, for example, postcodes may be from the main site of the provider delivering care.
+Although the guidance says to use `ZZ99 3VZ` for `No Fixed Abode` but it may be that the data was added without this knowledge or from before the guidance and is still applicable.
+
+`Address not known` should be `ZZ99 3WZ`.
+
+Note that some `ZZ` postcodes will related to unspecified UK country codes:
+
+- `England UK – not specified` - `Z99 3CZ`  
+- `Wales` - `ZZ99 3GZ`  
+- `Scotland` - `ZZ99 1WZ`  
+- `Northern Ireland` - `ZZ99 2WZ`
+
+### Scotland
+
+According to [NHS Tayside](https://www.nhstaysidecdn.scot.nhs.uk/NHSTaysideWeb/idcplg?IdcService=GET_SECURE_FILE&dDocName=PROD_315642&Rendition=web&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&noSaveAs=1#) if a person has no fixed address it is classified as `NF1 1AB`.
+
+### Wales
+
+The [Data dictionary](https://www.datadictionary.wales.nhs.uk/index.html#!WordDocuments/postcode.htm) is distinct for NHS Wales.