fix: WCOW: add powershell.exe dir to default PATH for backward compat…

…ibility

The current default `PATH` has been set to the most basic subset for both
`nanoserver` and `servercore`.

```go
const DefaultPathEnvWindows = "c:\\Windows\\System32;c:\\Windows;
```

The path to `powershell.exe` is conspicuously missing hence breaking the
developer experience for most workloads that depend on PS.

This fix proposes to append `;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0`
to that list to support PS scenarios, that make a big chunk of workloads,
especially legacy ones, migrating from on-prem to cloud.

Fixes #4901, microsoft/Windows-Containers#500
Ref #3158

Implication for nanoserver:
===========================
This does not any way break the experiences for those using `nanoserver` base image,
as much as PS and the `C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0` path is not present
on `nanoserver`.

Transition users to using `ENV`:
==============================
Users coming from classic `docker build` will need to transition from using `RUN setx /M`
to `ENV` as a way of persisting environment variables in the images.

We can take a hit on not supporting backward compatibility for `RUN setx /M`, as opposed
to not supporting both `RUN setx /M` and `RUN powershell` as it is the case right now.

Alternative considered:
=======================
We thought of an option to ask the Windows platform team
to add a default `Config.Env.PATH` in the config file for the base image.
However, this causes a regression for `RUN setx /M` on the classic `docker build`.
There could be a couple of more people too that might be depending on `Config.Env = null`
as it is currently. See `docker inspect mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2022`.

Here is the regression details when we set `ENV` in the base image.

```
PS> type .\Dockerfile
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2022 AS newbase
ENV PATH="C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Users\ContainerAdministrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps"

FROM newbase
RUN setx /M PATH "C:\my\path;%PATH%"
RUN echo %PATH%

PS> docker build --no-cache -t profnandaa/servercore-path-tests .

Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/5 : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2022 AS newbase
---> e64ba0f4256b
Step 2/5 : ENV PATH="C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Users\ContainerAdministrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps"
---> Running in ab3dc4921d7d
---> Removed intermediate container ab3dc4921d7d
---> f57b0a2d0e28
Step 3/5 : FROM newbase
---> f57b0a2d0e28
Step 4/5 : RUN setx /M PATH "%PATH%;C:\my\path;"
---> Running in 6ca6171334a0

SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.
---> Removed intermediate container 6ca6171334a0
---> 6d2870e2f91d
Step 5/5 : RUN echo %PATH%
---> Running in 785633e2a31c
C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Users\ContainerAdministrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
   ^
   | ~~~~~~~~~ notice "C:\my\path" is missing, meaning `setx /M` is not persisting as before.

---> Removed intermediate container 785633e2a31c
---> ed490181b903
Successfully built ed490181b903
Successfully tagged profnandaa/servercore-path-tests:latest
```

Current `RUN setx /M` behavior:

```
PS> type .\Dockerfile

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2022
RUN setx /M PATH "%PATH%;C:\my\path;"
RUN echo %PATH%

PS> docker build --no-cache -t profnandaa/servercore-path-tests .

Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2022
---> e64ba0f4256b
Step 2/3 : RUN setx /M PATH "C:\my\path;%PATH%"
---> Running in 5502dd679495

SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.
---> Removed intermediate container 5502dd679495
---> 0b59f38e2da4
Step 3/3 : RUN echo %PATH%
---> Running in 3bacb0b27bad
C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Users\ContainerAdministrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\my\path;
                    ^
                    |~~~~ `setx /M` persists.
---> Removed intermediate container 3bacb0b27bad
---> cda1b4cd27ff
Successfully built cda1b4cd27ff
Successfully tagged profnandaa/servercore-path-tests:latest
```

`setx` vs. `ENV` has been discussed in details in #5445

Signed-off-by: Anthony Nandaa <[email protected]>

frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile_test.go

@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ var allTests = integration.TestFuncs(
 	testHistoryFinalizeTrace,
 	testEmptyStages,
 	testLocalCustomSessionID,
+	testPowershellInDefaultPathOnWindows,
 )
 
 // Tests that depend on the `security.*` entitlements
@@ -1791,6 +1792,49 @@ COPY Dockerfile .
 	}
 }
 
+func testPowershellInDefaultPathOnWindows(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	integration.SkipOnPlatform(t, "!windows")
+
+	f := getFrontend(t, sb)
+
+	// just testing that the powershell path is in PATH
+	// but not testing powershell itself since it will need
+	// servercore image that is too bulky for just one single test.
+	dockerfile := []byte(`
+FROM nanoserver
+USER ContainerAdministrator
+RUN echo %PATH% > env_path.txt
+`)
+	dir := integration.Tmpdir(
+		t,
+		fstest.CreateFile("Dockerfile", dockerfile, 0600),
+	)
+	c, err := client.New(sb.Context(), sb.Address())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	destDir := t.TempDir()
+	_, err = f.Solve(sb.Context(), c, client.SolveOpt{
+		Exports: []client.ExportEntry{
+			{
+				Type:      client.ExporterLocal,
+				OutputDir: destDir,
+			},
+		},
+		LocalMounts: map[string]fsutil.FS{
+			dockerui.DefaultLocalNameDockerfile: dir,
+			dockerui.DefaultLocalNameContext:    dir,
+		},
+	}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	dt, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(destDir, "env_path.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	envPath := string(dt)
+	require.Contains(t, envPath, "C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\")
+}
+
 func testExportMultiPlatform(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	integration.SkipOnPlatform(t, "windows")
 	workers.CheckFeatureCompat(t, sb, workers.FeatureOCIExporter, workers.FeatureMultiPlatform)

util/system/path.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const DefaultPathEnvUnix = "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/s
 // DefaultPathEnvWindows is windows style list of directories to search for
 // executables. Each directory is separated from the next by a colon
 // ';' character .
-const DefaultPathEnvWindows = "c:\\Windows\\System32;c:\\Windows"
+const DefaultPathEnvWindows = "c:\\Windows\\System32;c:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\"
 
 func DefaultPathEnv(os string) string {
 	if os == "windows" {

util/testutil/integration/run.go

@@ -427,7 +427,18 @@ func prepareValueMatrix(tc testConf) []matrixValue {
 
 // Skips tests on platform
 func SkipOnPlatform(t *testing.T, goos string) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == goos {
+	skip := false
+	// support for negation
+	if strings.HasPrefix(goos, "!") {
+		goos = strings.TrimPrefix(goos, "!")
+		if runtime.GOOS != goos {
+			skip = true
+		}
+	} else if runtime.GOOS == goos {
+		skip = true
+	}
+
+	if skip {
 		t.Skipf("Skipped on %s", goos)
 	}
 }