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Complete-Web-Developer-Manual

All resources and notes from the Complete Web Developer in 2021: Zero to Mastery course

Contents

1. Introduction
2. How The Internet Works
3. History Of The Web
4. HTML 5
5. Advanced HTML 5
6. CSS
7. Advanced CSS
8. Bootstrap 4, Templates, And Building Your Startup Landing Page
9. CSS Grid + CSS Layout
10. Career Of A Web Developer
11. Javascript
12. DOM Manipulation
13. Advanced Javascript
14. Command Line
15. Developer Environment
16. Git + Github + Open Source Projects
17. A Day In The Life Of A Developer
18. NPM + NPM Scripts
19. React.js + Redux
20. HTTP/JSON/AJAX + Asynchronous Javascript
21. Backend Basics
22. APIs
23. FINAL PROJECT: SmartBrain Front-End
24. Node.js + Express.js
25. FINAL PROJECT: SmartBrain Back-End -- Server
26. Databases
27. FINAL PROJECT: SmartBrain Back-End – Database
28. Production + Deployment
29. Where To Go From Here?
30. Bonus: Extra Bits (Coding Challenges + AMA)
31. Extra: For Windows Users
32. Bonus: Part 2 - Special Thank You Gift (Discount Coupons)

1. Introduction

Discord Channel:

2. How The Internet Works

Tools:

  • Chrome Developer Tools

Topics:

  • ISP, DNS and Servers
  • Traceroute (Windows: tracert)

Submarine Cable Map:

3. History Of The Web

Maps that explain the Internet:

First Webpage in the world:

Optional Videos:

4. HTML 5

Run HTML online:

Install a text editor (Select one):

Tags:

  • <html>
  • <head>
  • <title>
  • <body>
  • Headings (h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
  • Paragraph <p>
  • Bold <strong>, italic <em>
  • Ordered list <ol>, Unordered list <ul>, List item<li>
  • Break <br>, Horizontal rule <hr>
  • Image <img> and Attributes: alt, src, width, height
  • Anchor <a href="">

Topics:

  • Relative vs Absolute Path

Zero to Mastery resources:

Reference websites:

5. Advanced HTML 5

Tags:

  • <form>
    • method, action
  • <input>:
    • type= "text", "submit", "reset", "email", "date", "radio", "password"
    • required, value, name, min
  • dropdown <select>
    • option <option>
  • comment <!-- -->
  • <div> and <span>

Semantic Elements

  • <header>
  • <nav>
  • <main>
  • <footer>

Topics:

  • Chrome view Source

Resources:

"If you take one thing from this, it is this: Don't worry if you don't feel 100% confident in HTML. Keep going as we will keep building on top of this knowledge."

6. CSS

Syntax:

Selector {
	property: value;
}

How to:

  • External 
    <link rel="stylesheet type="text/css" href="style.css">
  • Internal 
    <style>
	body {
		background-color: purple;
	}
</style>
  • Inline 
    <header style="background-color: green;">
  • Class 
     <header class="green">
     	.green {
 		background-color: green;
 	}

Tools:

  • Chrome Inspector

Properties:

  • text-align
  • border
  • background
  • list-style
  • cursor
  • display: inline-block
  • color: hex, rgb or rgba

Selectors:

  • .class
  • #id
  • * (all elements)
  • element
  • element, element
  • element element
  • element > element
  • element + element
  • v:hover
  • :last-child
  • :first-child
  • ::before (pseudo-element)
  • !important (not recommended)

Text Properties:

  • text-decoration
  • text-transform
  • line-height
  • font-style
  • font-weight
  • font-size
  • font-family

Layout Properties:

  • float and clear

Box Model:

  • margin
  • border
  • padding
  • width and height

Sizes:

  • px
  • em and rem
  • vw and vh (viewport width and height)

Topics:

  • Cascading: Specificity, Importance !, Source Order
  • Linking fonts and external stylesheets

Exercises:

Reference websites:

Website for color check:

Website for fonts download:

7. Advanced CSS

Flexbox:

  • display: flex
  • flex-direction
  • flex-wrap
  • flex-flow
  • justify-content
  • align-items
  • align-content
  • order
  • flex: flex-grow, flex-shrink and flex-basis
  • align-self

Properties:

  • transition
  • transform
  • box-shadow

Tools:

Exercises:

Reference websites:

If you take one thing from this, it is this: Don't worry if you don't feel 100% confident in CSS. Keep going as we will keep building on top of this knowledge.

8. Bootstrap 4, Templates, And Building Your Startup Landing Page

App for creating users list:

Website with animation examples:

Website for patterns:

Generating animated patterns:

9. CSS Grid + CSS Layout

Grid Cheat Sheets:

Grid Garden:

Free Design resources:

10. Career Of A Web Developer

Updated Statistics and Surveys 2020:

Web Developer Roadmap 2021:

Learning Guideline Roadmap:

Once you are Done with Learning, here is the list of best platforms for jobs and careers, which will help you get a great job or advace your career easily:

11. Javascript

Javascript types:

  1. Number
  2. String
  3. Boolean
  4. Undefined
  5. Null
  6. Symbol (new in ECMAScript 6)
  7. Object

Javascript comparisons:

  • !== (not equal to)
  • === (equal to)
  • >= (greater than or equal to)
  • <= (less than or equal to)
  • > (less than)
  • < (greater than)

Javascript variables:

  • var
  • let (new in ECMAScript 6) : Used to declare variables that can be changed using code later on
  • const (new in ECMAScript 6) : Used to declare constants that remain constant throughout the execution of the program, mostly used for functions and object

Javascript conditionals:

  • if
if(condition) {
	//Code written here is executed if condition is true
}
  • else
if(condition1) {
	//Code written here is executed if condition1 is true
} else {
	//Code written here is executed if condition is false
}
  • else if
if(condition) {
	//Code written here is executed if condition1 is true
} else if(condition) {
	//Code written here is executed if condition2 is true
}
  • ternary operator
condition ? (code that runs with condition is true) : (code that runs when condition is false);
  • switch
switch(expression){
	case result1:
		//code that runs if expression gives result1
		break;
	case result2:
		//code that runs if expression gives result2
		break;
	default:
		//code that runs if expression gives neither result1 nor result2
}

Javascript logical operators:

  • && = Sees if both values are the same/true.
  • || = Sees if there is at least one of the same/ true value.
  • ! = Turns true into false, and false into true.

Javascript functions:

  • var a = function name() {}
  • function name() {}
  • return
  • () => (new in ECMAScript 6)

Javascript data structures:

  • Array
  • Object

Javascript looping:

  • for
  • while
  • do
  • forEach (new in ECMAScript 5)

Javascript keywords:

  • break
  • case
  • catch
  • class
  • const
  • continue
  • debugger
  • default
  • delete
  • do
  • else
  • export
  • extends
  • finally
  • for
  • function
  • if
  • import
  • in
  • instanceof
  • new
  • return
  • super
  • switch
  • this
  • throw
  • try
  • typeof
  • var
  • void
  • while
  • with
  • yield

12. DOM Manipulation

Reference websites:

DOM Selectors:

  • getElementsByTagName

  • getElementsByClassName

  • getElementById

  • querySelector

  • querySelectorAll

  • getAttribute

  • setAttribute

Changing Styles:

  • style.{property} //ok

  • className //best

  • classList //best

  • classList.add

  • classList.remove

  • classList.toggle

Bonus:

  • innerHTML //DANGEROUS

  • parentElement

  • children

It is important to CACHE selectors in variables

13. Advanced Javascript

Variable declaration:

  • let variableName (new in ECMAScript 6) /* its value can be altered
  • const variableName (new in ECMAScript 6) /* it stands for constant, its value can't be altered once declared
  • `` /* are used instead of '' or "". Allows us to avoid the "+" separation and elements and variables should be added with syntax ${element}
  • a**b /* it stands for a to the b potence
  • element.padStart(param1,param2) /* param1 number of characters param2 are added before the value of element declared. The default param2 is " "
  • .padEnd(param1,param2) /* Same as above but at the end
  • .trimStart() /* eliminates empty spaces from the start of a variable
  • .trimEnd() /* Same as above but from the end
  • debugger; /* Stops running the code and opens console for a step by step check

Functions:

  • Function declaration syntax: const functionname=(param1,param2...) => action /* If there is an only return, there is no need to type "return" and if it's just one parameter, no need to add "()"
  • Currying: const functionname= param1 => param2 => action /* To properly call function syntax is: functionname (param1)(param2)
  • Compose: const functionname= (param2,param3) => param1 => param2(param3(param1)) /* Being param2 and 3 functions y param1 a value. Executes a function inside a function executed with the initial param1

Arrays:

  • array.forEach(num=>{}) /* For each element num of the array, executes the actions inside {}
  • array.map(num=>{}) /* For each element num in the array, executes actions inside {} and return needs to be specified since the return will be placed in a new array.
  • array.filter(num=>{}) /* For each element num of the array a condition is checked. If the value turns out true, it will be added to the new array. If none of the elements meet the condition, it will return an empty array. Return needs to be specified
  • array.reduce((accumulator,num)=>{}, param3) /* Acumulates values of the operation performed in previous elements, param3 being the initial value of the accumulator
  • array.concat(param1) /* Concats param1 to the array
  • array.includes('param1') /* Verifies the array includes param1
  • array.flat(param1) /* Eliminates the nested arrays to a param1 level
  • array.flatMap(param1=>{}) /* For each element num, the operation inside {} is performed and the array is lowered to a level 1 nesting
  • array.fromEntries /* Turns the array into an object, making the first element of the array the property and the second the value of such property

Objects:

  • const(/let) {property1, property2,...} = obj /* Given an object obj, keeps the value of the properties in new variables property1, property2,...etc
  • {...obj} /* Creates a clone object of the object obj
  • Object.assign(param1,param2) /* Clones the lements of an object param2 in an object param1
  • Object.values(obj) /* Takes the values of the properties of an object obj
  • Object.entries(obj) /* returns an array with property,value of each element of an object obj /* .entries and .values can be used with array methods such as .map, .forEach, etc.
  • this /* when using this parameter, the method/action is applied exclusively to the element in which "this" has been summoned.

Classes:

  • Class creator syntax:
Classname {
   constructor(param1,param2){
     this.param1 = value;
     this.param2 = value2;
   }
   classmethod(){
   }
}

  • Create class object syntax: new Classname(param1,param2)

  • Class extention syntax:

Classextension extends Classname {
   constructor(param1,param2){
      super(param1,param2);
   }
   classextensionmethod(){
   }
}

/* You utilize a class when we are planning to create several objects with similar propperties /* A class extention is used when those several objects can contain properties or categories with specific properties and methods, while respecting the initial constructor.

Loops:

  • for of: for (param1 of array){} /* It's a for loop in an array and an action over the element number param1 in an array array
  • for in: for (param1 in obj) {} /* It's a for loop of the properties and an action over the property number param1 in an object obj

/* both arrays and strings are iterable in JS /* for of cannot be used in objects, but for in can be used in arrays, you get the index number as a return

14. Command Line

FOR MAC OR LINUX:

Command Description
ls lists files and folders within working directory
pwd show current working directory
cd change working directory to user directory
cd .. change working directory to direct parent directory
clear clear current terminal screen
cd / change current directory to root directory
cd ~ change current directory to user directory
cd path/to/folder changes working directory to specified path
mkdir name create folder called 'name' within current directory
open foldername opens folder called 'foldername' using OS GUI
touch index.html creates new file titled index.html within working directory
open index.html opens file named index.html using default system program
open -a “Sublime Text” opens sublime text program. This syntax can be used to open other programs
open . opens and displays current folder within OS GUI
mv index.html about.html renames index.html file to about.html
up and down arrow cycles through previous commands typed within current terminal session
rm filename deletes a file called 'filename' within the current directory
rm -r foldername used to delete folders. In this case 'foldername' will be deleted
say hello (only on Mac) the mac will speak any text you enter after the 'say' keyword
rm -rf .git To remove git repo created by init

FOR WINDOWS:

dir - list files
cd {directory name} - change directory
cd / - go to root (top) directory
cd .. - go up a level
mkdir {file name} - make a directory
echo > {filename} - create an empty file
del {filename} - remove a file
rmdir {directory name} - remove a directory and all files within
rename {filename} {new filename} - rename a file or folder
start {filename} - open file in default program
start . - open current directory
cls - clear the terminal screen

15. Developer Environment

Popular code editors / IDE:

Development Environment Stack

16. Git + Github + Open Source Projects

Install Git:

Git GUI:

Git in one video

Git and version control practice/learning playground

Git Commands:

git clone “https:……”
git remote -v
git remote add url “https:……”
git remote add upstream “https:……”
git fetch upstream
git merge upstream/master
git status
git add “filename”
git add .
git commit –m”message”
git push
git pull
git branch
git branch “name”
git checkout “name”
git merge “name”
git diff
git checkout -b "name"

Once you are in your forked project directory in your command prompt....

  1. Type git remote -v and press Enter. You'll see the current configured remote repository for your fork.

    a. git remote -v

    b. origin https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/YOUR_FORK.git (fetch)

    c. origin https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/YOUR_FORK.git (push)

  2. Type git remote add upstream, and then paste the URL you would copy from the original repository if you were to do a git clone. Press Enter. It will look like this:

    git remote add upstream https://github.com/zero-to-mastery/PROJECT_NAME.git

  3. To verify the new upstream repository you've specified for your fork, type git remote -v again. You should see the URL for your fork as origin, and the URL for the original repository as upstream.

  4. Now, you can keep your fork synced with the upstream repository with a few Git commands. One simple way is to do the below command from the master of your forked repository: git pull upstream master

17. A Day In The Life Of A Developer

18. NPM + NPM Scripts

npm init
npm install
npm install –g browserify

Install node and npm:

Check node and npm installed on your system by:

node -v
npm -v

If any of these command result in error then that (node/npm) deosen't installed on your system.

Reference websites:

19. React.js + Redux

old version

npm install –g create-react-app
create-react-app “name”
[cd "name"]
npm start
npm install tachyons

new version

npx create-react-app <App-Name>
cd <App-Name>
npm start

Website for fonts download:

Reference websites:

Action --> Reducer --> Store --> Make changes

npm install redux
npm install react-redux
npm install redux-logger
npm install redux-thunk

Additional topics you could cover

This topic is just to understand greatness of modern-day frameworks and appreciate how react will be helpful for building single page applications(CSR) or server side rendering(using NextJs) and static site generation(using Gatsby). Have a look at them Static Site Generation(SSG/Pre-rendering) vs Client side rendering(CSR/SPA) vs Server Side Rendering(SSR)

Some Additional React Based Frameworks popular now

20. HTTP/JSON/AJAX + Asynchronous Javascript

There are many ways for making an API call, but the one I recommend using is Axios. Here is why [https://medium.com/@thejasonfile/fetch-vs-axios-js-for-making-http-requests-2b261cdd3af5]

Other available options are Fetch API or G(old) XMLHttpRequests.

Axios is a Javascript library used to make HTTP requests from node.js or XMLHttpRequests from the browser that also supports the ES6 Promise API.

Features

  • Make XMLHttpRequests from the browser
  • Make http requests from node.js
  • Supports the Promise API
  • Intercept request and response
  • Transform request and response data
  • Cancel requests
  • Automatic transforms for JSON data
  • Client side support for protecting against XSRF

Installing

Using npm:

$ npm install axios

Using bower:

$ bower install axios

Using yarn:

$ yarn add axios

Using jsDelivr CDN:

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

Using unpkg CDN:

<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

21. Backend Basics

22. APIs

23. FINAL PROJECT: SmartBrain Front-End

Animated objects library:

Background patterns:

Animated background library:

Image and video recognition:

Icons library:

24. Node.js + Express.js

Install Postman:

Express.js:

(Getting start guide)

npm install body-parser
npm install express --save
npm install --save-dev nodemon

Node.js Reference websites:

Storing passwords securely:

npm install bcrypt-nodejs

$ npm install bcrypt

1.	/*
2.	* You can copy and run the code below to play around with bcrypt
3.	* However this is for demonstration purposes only. Use these concepts
4.	* to adapt to your own project needs.
5.	*/
6.
7.	import bcrypt from'bcrypt'
8.	const saltRounds = 10 // increase this if you want more iterations
9.	const userPassword = 'supersecretpassword'
10.	const randomPassword = 'fakepassword'
11.
12.	const storeUserPassword = (password, salt) =>
13.	  bcrypt.hash(password, salt).then(storeHashInDatabase)
14.
15.	const storeHashInDatabase = (hash) => {
16.	   // Store the hash in your password DB
17.	   return hash // For now we are returning the hash for testing at the bottom
18.	}
19.
20.	// Returns true if user password is correct, returns false otherwise
21.	const checkUserPassword = (enteredPassword, storedPasswordHash) =>
22.	  bcrypt.compare(enteredPassword, storedPasswordHash)
23.
24.
25.	// This is for demonstration purposes only.
26.	storeUserPassword(userPassword, saltRounds)
27.	  .then(hash =>
28.	    // change param userPassword to randomPassword to get false
29.	    checkUserPassword(userPassword, hash)
30.	  )
31.	  .then(console.log)
32.	  .catch(console.error)

25. FINAL PROJECT: SmartBrain Back-End -- Server

Change localhost:

If you don't want set environment variable, other option - modify scripts part of package.json from:

"start": "react-scripts start"

Linux (tested on Ubuntu 14.04/16.04) and MacOS (tested by @aswin-s on MacOS Sierra 10.12.4) to:

"start": "PORT=3006 react-scripts start"

or (maybe) more general solution by @IsaacPak to:

"start": "export PORT=3006 react-scripts start"

Windows @JacobEnsor solution to:

"start": "set PORT=3006 && react-scripts start"

Front-end and back-end connection:

Front-end:

fetch('http://localhost:3000/image', {
	method: 'put',
	headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
	body: JSON.stringify({
		id: this.state.user.id
	})
})
.then(response => response.json())
.then(count => {
	this.setState(Object.assign(this.state.user, { entries:count}))
})

Back-end:

const cors = require('cors')
app.use(cors());

26. Databases

Install PostgreSQL:

data types

Terminal commands for windows:

Login: (-U usuario)

psql -h localhost -U postgres

Create database:

create database database_name;

Show all datatables:

\l

Create a user:

create user moni with password ‘moni’;

Delete a database:

drop database database_name;

Connect to a database:

\c database_name;

Create a schema:

create schema friends;

Create a table:

create table Friends.test( firstname CHAR(15), lastname CHAR(20));

create table Friends.login(id serial not null primary key, secret varchar (100) not null, name text unique not null, entries bigint default 0, joined timestamp not null);

Show all information of a table:

select * from friends.test;

Describe database:

\d friends.test

Insert data:

insert into friends.test values( ‘Mike’, ‘Smith’);

insert into friends.test (firstname, lastname )values( ‘Sally’, ‘Jones’);

Add a column to an existing table:

alter table Friends.test add age smallint;

Update data from the table:

update friends.test set age = 25 where firstname= ‘Mike’;

Delete data from the table:

delete from friends.test where firstname = ‘Mike’;

Delete column from a table:

alter table friends.test drop column age;

Delete a table:

drop table friends.test;

Functions:

select avg(age) from friends.test;

Join tables:

select * from friends.test join friends.login on friends.test.firstname = friends.login.name;

Exit:

\q

List all users in postgresSQL database server:

\du

List all tables in a schema:

\d+ schema_name.*

List all tables in a database:

\dt *.*

List a table in a schema:

\d+ schema_name . table_name

Show description of a table, columns, type, modifications, etc.:

\d+ table_name

Create a backup of a database:

pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres database_name > database_name.sql

Restore a database: 1. Create a new database where the restore file is going to be placed:

psql -U postgres -d new_database_name -f respaldo.sql

*Note:  it is important to create the restore in the same root where the database copy is saved.

Enter to postgres with a user different to postgres:

psql -h localhost -d postgres -U usuario

Enter to a database with a different user:

psql -h localhost -d nombre_base -U nombre_usuario

27. FINAL PROJECT: SmartBrain Back-End – Database

Tool for db connection with back-end:

28. Production + Deployment

Environmental variables:

PORT

On terminal:

bash
-->PORT-3000 node server.js

On server.js:

	const PORT = process.env.PORT
	app.listen(PORT, ()=>{
		console.log(`app is running on port ${PORT}`);
	})

DATABASE

On terminal:

bash
-->DATABASE_URL-123  node server.js

On server.js:

	const DATABASE_URL = process.env. DATABASE_URL
	app.listen(3000, ()=>{
		console.log(`app is running on port ${ DATABASE_URL }`);
	})

OTHER OPTION

On terminal:

fish
-->env DATABASE_URL-‘hello’ node server.js

Deploy apps/websites:

Github Pages:

  • Mostly now Github is free for all students and Github pages can serve static sites
  • Also have a look at Github education pack using your Institute id and email and get access to free domains for a year and many more Github education pack

Heroku:

Not the best one:

Commands for heroku on backend folder: Install heroku:

npm install -g heroku
heroku login
heroku create

In the terminal there will be a URL : ” https://limitless-bastion-10041.herokuapp.com/”

git remote –v
git push origin master
heroku git: remote –a limitless-bastion-10041

Changes required in:

  • BACK END: PORT in server.js needs to be changed by an environment variable
  • FRONT END: fetch URL needs to be changed by the URL of HEROKU + “:3000”
git push heroku master
for checking errors:
heroku logs --tail
heroku open

Connect to pg database:

Create a new postgres database using Heroku:

Data: Heroku postgres: create new: install heroku postgres: select the app created

heroku addons
heroku info
heroku pg:psql

29. Where To Go From Here?

The Complete Junior to Senior Web Developer Roadmap (2021)

30. Bonus: Extra Bits (Coding Challenges + AMA)

31. Extra: For Windows Users

32. Bonus: Part 2 - Special Thank You Gift (Discount Coupons)

About

All resources and notes from the Complete Web Developer in 2021: Zero to Mastery course

academy.zerotomastery.io/p/complete-web-developer-zero-to-mastery

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