magpiemodel · flohump · Jun 18, 2024 · Mar 9, 2024 · Mar 11, 2024 · Mar 12, 2024
diff --git a/core/macros.gms b/core/macros.gms
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ $macro m_linear_cell_data_interpol(output,x,input_x1,input_x2,input_y1,input_y2)
 * macro for simple carbon stocks
 $macro m_carbon_stock(land,carbon_density,item) \
             (land(j2,item) * sum(ct,carbon_density(ct,j2,item,ag_pools)))$(sameas(stockType,"actual")) + \
-            (land(j2,item) * sum(ct,carbon_density(ct,j2,item,ag_pools)))$(sameas(stockType,"actualNoAcEst"));
+            (land(j2,item) * sum(ct,carbon_density(ct,j2,item,ag_pools)))$(sameas(stockType,"actualNoAcEst"))
 
 * macro for carbon stocks with age classes
 $macro m_carbon_stock_ac(land,carbon_density,sets,sets_sub) \
             sum((&&sets), land(j2,&&sets) * sum(ct, carbon_density(ct,j2,&&sets,ag_pools)))$(sameas(stockType,"actual")) + \
-            sum((&&sets_sub), land(j2,&&sets_sub) * sum(ct, carbon_density(ct,j2,&&sets_sub,ag_pools)))$(sameas(stockType,"actualNoAcEst"));
+            sum((&&sets_sub), land(j2,&&sets_sub) * sum(ct, carbon_density(ct,j2,&&sets_sub,ag_pools)))$(sameas(stockType,"actualNoAcEst"))
 
 * macros for peatland module
 $macro m58_LandMerge(land,landForestry,set) \

diff --git a/main.gms b/main.gms
@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ $setglobal peatland  v2
 $setglobal som  static_jan19
 
 $setglobal bioenergy  1stgen_priced_dec18
+$setglobal agroforestry  off
 $setglobal material  exo_flexreg_apr16
 $setglobal livestock  fbask_jan16
 

diff --git a/modules/10_land/input/files b/modules/10_land/input/files
@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@ avl_land_t.cs3
 avl_land_t_0.5.mz
 luh2_side_layers.cs3
 avl_land_t_iso.cs3
+CroplandTreecover.cs2
+CroplandTreecover_0.5.mz
diff --git a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/declarations.gms b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/declarations.gms
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 parameters
  pm_land_start(j,land)         Land initialization area (mio. ha)
  pcm_land(j,land)              Land area in previous time step including possible changes after optimization (mio. ha)
+ pm_treecover_shr(j)           Cropland tree cover share (1)
 ;
 
 variables

diff --git a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/input.gms b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/input.gms
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ $ondelim
 $include "./modules/10_land/input/avl_land_t.cs3"
 $offdelim
 ;
+*due to some rounding errors the input data currently may contain in some cases
+*very small, negative numbers. These numbers have to be set to 0 as area
+*cannot be smaller than 0!
+f10_land(t_ini10,j,land)$(f10_land(t_ini10,j,land)<0) = 0;
+
 
 table fm_luh2_side_layers(j,luh2_side_layers10) luh2 side layers (grid cell share)
 $ondelim
@@ -26,3 +31,13 @@ $ondelim
 $include "./modules/10_land/input/avl_land_t_iso.cs3"
 $offdelim
 ;
+
+********* Cropland tree cover *******************************************
+
+parameter f10_treecover(j) Tree cover on cropland in 2019 (mio. ha)
+/
+$ondelim
+$include "./modules/10_land/input/CroplandTreecover.cs2"
+$offdelim
+/
+;
diff --git a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/start.gms b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/start.gms
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 *** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
 *** |  Contact: [email protected]
 
-*due to some rounding errors the input data currently may contain in some cases
-*very small, negative numbers. These numbers have to be set to 0 as area
-*cannot be smaller than 0!
 pm_land_start(j,land) = f10_land("y1995",j,land);
-pm_land_start(j,land)$(pm_land_start(j,land)<0) = 0;
 
 pcm_land(j,land) = pm_land_start(j,land);
 vm_land.l(j,land) = pcm_land(j,land);
 
+pm_treecover_shr(j) = 0;
+pm_treecover_shr(j)$(f10_land("y2015",j,"crop") > 1e-10) = 
+ (f10_treecover(j)/f10_land("y2015",j,"crop"));
+
 *** EOF pre.gms ***
diff --git a/modules/11_costs/default/equations.gms b/modules/11_costs/default/equations.gms
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
                    + vm_costs_additional_mon(i2)
                    + sum(cell(i2,j2),vm_cost_land_transition(j2))
                    + sum(cell(i2,j2), vm_peatland_cost(j2))
+                   + sum(cell(i2,j2), vm_cost_agroforestry(j2))
                    + sum(cell(i2,j2),vm_cost_bv_loss(j2))
                    + sum(cell(i2,j2),vm_cost_urban(j2))
                    + sum(cell(i2,j2),vm_water_cost(i2))

diff --git a/modules/29_ageclass/feb21/presolve.gms b/modules/29_ageclass/feb21/presolve.gms
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+*** |  (C) 2008-2023 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
+*** |  authors, and contributors see CITATION.cff file. This file is part
+*** |  of MAgPIE and licensed under AGPL-3.0-or-later. Under Section 7 of
+*** |  AGPL-3.0, you are granted additional permissions described in the
+*** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
+*** |  Contact: [email protected]
+
+*define ac_est and ac_sub
+ac_est(ac) = no;
+ac_est(ac) = yes$(ord(ac) <= (m_yeardiff_forestry(t)/5));
+
+ac_sub(ac) = no;
+ac_sub(ac) = yes$(ord(ac) > (m_yeardiff_forestry(t)/5));
diff --git a/modules/29_ageclass/feb21/realization.gms b/modules/29_ageclass/feb21/realization.gms
@@ -22,4 +22,5 @@ $Ifi "%phase%" == "sets" $include "./modules/29_ageclass/feb21/sets.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "declarations" $include "./modules/29_ageclass/feb21/declarations.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "input" $include "./modules/29_ageclass/feb21/input.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "preloop" $include "./modules/29_ageclass/feb21/preloop.gms"
+$Ifi "%phase%" == "presolve" $include "./modules/29_ageclass/feb21/presolve.gms"
 *######################## R SECTION END (PHASES) ###############################
diff --git a/modules/30_crop/endo_apr21/equations.gms b/modules/30_crop/endo_apr21/equations.gms
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 *' the sum of crop and water supply type specific land requirements:
 
  q30_cropland(j2)  ..
-   sum((kcr,w), vm_area(j2,kcr,w)) =e= vm_land(j2,"crop");
+   sum((kcr,w), vm_area(j2,kcr,w)) + vm_fallow(j2) + vm_treecover_area(j2) =e= vm_land(j2,"crop");
 
 *' We assume that crop production can only take place on suitable cropland area.
 *' We use a suitability index (SI) map from @zabel_global_2014 to exclude areas
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@
 *' for all cropland :
 
  q30_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType) ..
- vm_carbon_stock(j2,"crop",ag_pools,stockType) =e=
-   m_carbon_stock(vm_land,fm_carbon_density,"crop");
+  vm_carbon_stock(j2,"crop",ag_pools,stockType) =e=
+  m_carbon_stock(vm_land,fm_carbon_density,"crop") + vm_treecover_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType);
 
 *' The biodiversity value for cropland is calculated separately for annual and perennial crops:
  q30_bv_ann(j2,potnatveg) .. vm_bv(j2,"crop_ann",potnatveg)

diff --git a/modules/30_crop/penalty_apr22/equations.gms b/modules/30_crop/penalty_apr22/equations.gms
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 *' the land area for crops vm_land and the croparea vm_area
 
  q30_cropland(j2)  ..
-   sum((kcr,w), vm_area(j2,kcr,w)) + vm_fallow(j2) =e= vm_land(j2,"crop");
+   sum((kcr,w), vm_area(j2,kcr,w)) + vm_fallow(j2) + vm_treecover_area(j2) =e= vm_land(j2,"crop");
 
 *' We assume that crop production can only take place on suitable cropland area.
 *' We use a suitability index (SI) map from @zabel_global_2014 to exclude areas
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ q30_rotation_penalty(i2) ..
 *' for all cropland :
 
  q30_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType) ..
-   vm_carbon_stock(j2,"crop",ag_pools,stockType) =e=
-     m_carbon_stock(vm_land,fm_carbon_density,"crop");
+  vm_carbon_stock(j2,"crop",ag_pools,stockType) =e=
+  m_carbon_stock(vm_land,fm_carbon_density,"crop") + vm_treecover_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType);
 
 *' The biodiversity value for cropland is calculated separately for annual and perennial crops:
  q30_bv_ann(j2,potnatveg) ..

diff --git a/modules/30_crop/rotation_apr22/equations.gms b/modules/30_crop/rotation_apr22/equations.gms
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 *' the land area for crops vm_land and the croparea vm_area
 
  q30_cropland(j2)  ..
-   sum((kcr,w), vm_area(j2,kcr,w)) + vm_fallow(j2) =e= vm_land(j2,"crop");
+   sum((kcr,w), vm_area(j2,kcr,w)) + vm_fallow(j2) + vm_treecover_area(j2) =e= vm_land(j2,"crop");
 
 *' We assume that crop production can only take place on suitable cropland area.
 *' We use a suitability index (SI) map from @zabel_global_2014 to exclude areas
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@
 *' for all cropland :
 
  q30_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType) ..
-   vm_carbon_stock(j2,"crop",ag_pools,stockType) =e=
-     m_carbon_stock(vm_land,fm_carbon_density,"crop");
+  vm_carbon_stock(j2,"crop",ag_pools,stockType) =e=
+  m_carbon_stock(vm_land,fm_carbon_density,"crop") + vm_treecover_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType);
 
 *' The biodiversity value for cropland is calculated separately for annual and perennial crops:
  q30_bv_ann(j2,potnatveg) ..

diff --git a/modules/32_forestry/dynamic_feb21/presolve.gms b/modules/32_forestry/dynamic_feb21/presolve.gms
@@ -5,13 +5,6 @@
 *** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
 *** |  Contact: [email protected]
 
-*define ac_est and ac_sub
-ac_est(ac) = no;
-ac_est(ac) = yes$(ord(ac) <= (m_yeardiff_forestry(t)/5));
-
-ac_sub(ac) = no;
-ac_sub(ac) = yes$(ord(ac) > (m_yeardiff_forestry(t)/5));
-
 *Reduction of ac_est is not possible.
 v32_hvarea_forestry.fx(j,ac_est) = 0;
 v32_land_reduction.fx(j,type32,ac_est) = 0;

diff --git a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/sets.gms b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/sets.gms
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 sets
 
   landcover44 land cover classes used in bii calculation
-    / crop_ann, crop_per, manpast, rangeland, urban, aff_ndc, aff_co2p, primforest, secdforest, other, plant /
+    / crop_ann, crop_per, crop_tree, manpast, rangeland, urban, aff_ndc, aff_co2p, primforest, secdforest, other, plant /
 
   bii_class44 bii coefficent land cover classes
-    / crop_ann, crop_per, manpast, rangeland, urban, primary, secd_mature, secd_young, timber /
+    / crop_ann, crop_per, crop_tree, manpast, rangeland, urban, primary, secd_mature, secd_young, timber /
 
   bii_class_secd(bii_class44) bii coefficent land cover classes secondary vegetation
     / secd_mature, secd_young /

diff --git a/modules/44_biodiversity/bv_btc_mar21/sets.gms b/modules/44_biodiversity/bv_btc_mar21/sets.gms
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 sets
 
   landcover44 land cover classes used in bii calculation
-    / crop_ann, crop_per, manpast, rangeland, urban, aff_ndc, aff_co2p, primforest, secdforest, other, plant /
+    / crop_ann, crop_per, crop_tree, manpast, rangeland, urban, aff_ndc, aff_co2p, primforest, secdforest, other, plant /
 
   bii_class44 bii coefficent land cover classes
-    / crop_ann, crop_per, manpast, rangeland, urban, primary, secd_mature, secd_young, timber /
+    / crop_ann, crop_per, crop_tree, manpast, rangeland, urban, primary, secd_mature, secd_young, timber /
 
   bii_class_secd(bii_class44) bii coefficent land cover classes secondary vegetation
     / secd_mature, secd_young /

diff --git a/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/declarations.gms b/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/declarations.gms
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+*** |  (C) 2008-2023 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
+*** |  authors, and contributors see CITATION.cff file. This file is part
+*** |  of MAgPIE and licensed under AGPL-3.0-or-later. Under Section 7 of
+*** |  AGPL-3.0, you are granted additional permissions described in the
+*** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
+*** |  Contact: [email protected]
+
+scalars
+ s61_shift number of 5-year age-classes corresponding to current time step length (1)
+;
+
+parameters
+ p61_treecover_bii_coeff(bii_class_secd,potnatveg)  BII coefficient for cropland treecover (1)
+ p61_carbon_density_ac(t,j,ac,ag_pools) Carbon density for ac and ag_pools (tC per ha)
+ p61_treecover(t,j,ac)                  Cropland tree cover per age class (mio. ha)
+ pc61_treecover(j,ac)                   Cropland tree cover per age class in current time step (mio. ha)
+ i61_reward_treecover                   Area reward for cropland treecover (USD per ha)
+ i61_reward_betr                        Area reward for bioenergy trees (USD per ha)
+;
+
+equations
+ q61_cost_agroforestry(j)          Costs and benefits related to agroforestry (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ q61_cost_treecover_est(j)         Establishment cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ q61_cost_treecover_recur(j)       Recurring cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ q61_treecover_area(j)             Cropland treecover interface (mio. ha)
+ q61_reward_treecover(j)           Reward for cropland treecover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ q61_reward_betr(j)                Reward for bioenergy trees (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ q61_treecover_est(j,ac)           Cropland treecover establishment (mio. ha)
+ q61_treecover_carbon(j,ag_pools,stockType)  Cropland tree cover above ground carbon content (mio. tC)
+ q61_treecover_bv(j,potnatveg)     Biodiversity value for cropland treecover (Mha)
+;
+
+variables
+ vm_cost_agroforestry(j) Cost and rewards related to agroforestry (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+;
+
+positive variables
+ v61_cost_treecover_est(j)        Establishment cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ v61_cost_treecover_recur(j)      Recurring cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ v61_reward_treecover(j)          Reward for cropland treecover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ v61_reward_betr(j)               Reward for bioenergy trees (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ vm_treecover_area(j)             Cropland tree cover (mio. ha)
+ v61_treecover(j,ac)              Cropland tree cover per age class (mio. ha)
+ vm_treecover_carbon(j,ag_pools,stockType) Cropland tree cover above ground carbon content (mio. tC)
+;
+
+*#################### R SECTION START (OUTPUT DECLARATIONS) ####################
+parameters
+ ov_cost_agroforestry(t,j,type)                     Cost and rewards related to agroforestry (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ ov61_cost_treecover_est(t,j,type)                  Establishment cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ ov61_cost_treecover_recur(t,j,type)                Recurring cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ ov61_reward_treecover(t,j,type)                    Reward for cropland treecover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ ov61_reward_betr(t,j,type)                         Reward for bioenergy trees (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ ov_treecover_area(t,j,type)                        Cropland tree cover (mio. ha)
+ ov61_treecover(t,j,ac,type)                        Cropland tree cover per age class (mio. ha)
+ ov_treecover_carbon(t,j,ag_pools,stockType,type)   Cropland tree cover above ground carbon content (mio. tC)
+ oq61_cost_agroforestry(t,j,type)                   Costs and benefits related to agroforestry (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ oq61_cost_treecover_est(t,j,type)                  Establishment cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ oq61_cost_treecover_recur(t,j,type)                Recurring cost for cropland tree cover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ oq61_treecover_area(t,j,type)                      Cropland treecover interface (mio. ha)
+ oq61_reward_treecover(t,j,type)                    Reward for cropland treecover (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ oq61_reward_betr(t,j,type)                         Reward for bioenergy trees (mio. USD05MER per yr)
+ oq61_treecover_est(t,j,ac,type)                    Cropland treecover establishment (mio. ha)
+ oq61_treecover_carbon(t,j,ag_pools,stockType,type) Cropland tree cover above ground carbon content (mio. tC)
+ oq61_treecover_bv(t,j,potnatveg,type)              Biodiversity value for cropland treecover (Mha)
+;
+*##################### R SECTION END (OUTPUT DECLARATIONS) #####################
diff --git a/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/equations.gms b/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/equations.gms
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+*** |  (C) 2008-2023 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
+*** |  authors, and contributors see CITATION.cff file. This file is part
+*** |  of MAgPIE and licensed under AGPL-3.0-or-later. Under Section 7 of
+*** |  AGPL-3.0, you are granted additional permissions described in the
+*** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
+*** |  Contact: [email protected]
+
+*' @equations
+
+*' Total agroforestry cost. 
+*' Cost for bioenergy trees are accounted for in the [30_crop] module. 
+q61_cost_agroforestry(j2) ..
+ vm_cost_agroforestry(j2) =e= 
+ v61_cost_treecover_est(j2) + v61_cost_treecover_recur(j2) 
+ - v61_reward_treecover(j2) - v61_reward_betr(j2);
+
+*' Tree cover establishment cost
+q61_cost_treecover_est(j2) ..
+ v61_cost_treecover_est(j2) =e= 
+ sum(ac_est, v61_treecover(j2,ac_est)) * s61_cost_treecover_est * 
+ sum((cell(i2,j2),ct),pm_interest(ct,i2)/(1+pm_interest(ct,i2)));
+
+*' Tree cover recurring cost
+q61_cost_treecover_recur(j2) ..
+ v61_cost_treecover_recur(j2) =e= 
+ sum(ac_sub, v61_treecover(j2,ac_sub)) * s61_cost_treecover_recur;
+
+*' Tree cover reward
+q61_reward_treecover(j2) ..
+  v61_reward_treecover(j2) =e= 
+  sum(ac, v61_treecover(j2,ac)) * i61_reward_treecover;
+
+*' Bioenergy tree reward
+q61_reward_betr(j2) ..
+  v61_reward_betr(j2) =e= 
+  sum(w, vm_area(j2,"betr",w)) * i61_reward_betr;
+
+*' Tree cover establishment
+q61_treecover_est(j2,ac_est) ..
+  v61_treecover(j2,ac_est) =e= sum(ac_est2, v61_treecover(j2,ac_est2))/card(ac_est2);
+
+*' Tree cover area interface
+q61_treecover_area(j2) ..
+  vm_treecover_area(j2) =e= sum(ac, v61_treecover(j2,ac));
+
+*' Tree cover carbon stock interface
+q61_treecover_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType) ..
+  vm_treecover_carbon(j2,ag_pools,stockType) =e=
+  m_carbon_stock_ac(v61_treecover,p61_carbon_density_ac,"ac","ac_sub");
+
+*' Tree cover biodiversity value
+q61_treecover_bv(j2,potnatveg) .. 
+  vm_bv(j2,"crop_tree",potnatveg) =e=
+  sum(bii_class_secd, sum(ac_to_bii_class_secd(ac,bii_class_secd), v61_treecover(j2,ac)) * 
+  p61_treecover_bii_coeff(bii_class_secd,potnatveg)) * fm_luh2_side_layers(j2,potnatveg);
diff --git a/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/input.gms b/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/input.gms
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+*** |  (C) 2008-2023 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
+*** |  authors, and contributors see CITATION.cff file. This file is part
+*** |  of MAgPIE and licensed under AGPL-3.0-or-later. Under Section 7 of
+*** |  AGPL-3.0, you are granted additional permissions described in the
+*** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
+*** |  Contact: [email protected]
+
+scalars
+ s61_cost_treecover_est          Tree cover establishment cost (USD per ha) / 2000 /
+ s61_cost_treecover_recur        Tree cover recurring cost (USD per ha) / 500 /
+ s61_treecover_plantation        Growth curve switch for tree cover on cropland 0=natveg 1=plantations (1) / 0 /
+ s61_treecover_bii_coeff         BII coefficent to be used for tree cover on cropland 0=secondary vegetation 1=timber plantations (1) / 0 /
+ s61_treecover_decrease          Cropland treecover can decrease (1) or not (0) / 0 /
+ s61_reward_treecover            Area reward for cropland treecover (USD per ha) / 0 /
+ s61_reward_betr                 Area reward for bioenergy trees on cropland (USD per ha) / 0 /
+ s61_treecover_scenario_start    Cropland treecover scenario start year       / 2020 /
+ s61_betr_scenario_start         Bioenergy trees scenario start year       / 2020 /
+;
diff --git a/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/not_used.txt b/modules/61_agroforestry/endo/not_used.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+name,type,reason
+vm_land,input,not used