AgroForestry: treecover on cropland and betr

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,11 +7,19 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 ## [Unreleased]
 
 ### changed
+- **29_ageclass** module 29_ageclass has been renamed to 28_ageclass to make space for `29_cropland` just before `30_croparea`
+- **30_crop** module `30_crop` renamed to `30_croparea`, which now only accounts for crop area.
+- **30_crop** Semi-Natural Vegetation (SNV) implementation has been moved from `30_crop` to `29_cropland` 
+- **30_crop** the two realizations `penalty_apr22` and `rotation_apr22` have been merged into a single `30_croparea/detail_apr24` realization
+- **30_crop** the previous `30_crop/endo_apr21` realization has been moved to `30_croparea/simple_apr24`
+- **default.cfg** update additional data to rev4.51
+- **22_land_conservation and default.cfg** Added options for baseline protection
+- **15_food, default.cfg and scenario_config.csv** changed fader setup and introduced new switches for specifying food substitution scenarios and exogeneous food intake scenarios
+- **70_livestock, default.cfg and scenario_config.csv** changed fader setup and introduced new switches for specifying feed substitution with SCP scenarios
 - **41_area_equipped_for_irrigation** updated (non-default) AEI data (from Mehta2022 to Mehta2024)
 - **22_land_conservation and default.cfg** Added options for baseline protection
 - **15_food, default.cfg and scenario_config.csv** changed fader setup and introduced new switches for specifying food substitution scenarios and exogeneous food intake scenarios
 - **70_livestock** default.cfg and scenario_config.csv** changed fader setup and introduced new switches for specifying feed substitution with SCP scenarios
-- **default.cfg** update additional data to rev4.50
 - **default.cfg** changed default realization for 44_biodiversity to new realization `bii_target_apr24`
 - **80_optimization** Simplifed cycling through CONOPT4, CONOPT4 with OPTFILE, CONOPT4 without preprocessing and CONOPT3.
 - **scripts** start/test_runs.R added 2 more test runs from FSEC
@@ -22,11 +30,15 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 - **35_natveg**  `vm_land(j2,"forestry")` included in NPI/NDC constraint `q35_min_forest`
 - **35_natveg** replaced the realisation `dynamic_feb21` with realisation `pot_forest_may24`. The new realisation provides additional information on the potential forest area, which is now used to constrain forest and forestry expansion and recovery. The remaining area for forest establishment is provided to the forestry module via the new interface parameter `pcm_max_forest_est`.
 - **52_carbon** Separate carbon densities for forest and other land. Before there was only a single carbon density for natural vegetation land.
+- **scripts** modified agmip_merge_report to use piamInterfaces
 - **default.cfg** defaults for `cfg$gms$sm_fix_SSP2`, `cfg$gms$sm_fix_cc` and other switches changed from 2020 to 2025
 
 ### added
-- **default.cfg** added cropland growth constraint `cfg$gms$s30_annual_max_growth`
-- **default.cfg** added technical cost for missing BII increase `cfg$gms$s44_cost_bii_missing`
+- **29_cropland** new module `29_cropland` accounting for crop area, fallow cropland and tree cover on cropland with two realizations: `detail_apr24` and `simple_apr24` (default).
+- **10_land** added interface `pm_land_hist` with historic land use patterns
+- **32_forestry** added technical balance term `v32_land_missing_ndc`
+- **default.cfg** added cropland growth constraint `cfg$gms$s30_annual_max_growth` 
+- **default.cfg** added technical cost for missing BII increase `cfg$gms$s44_cost_bii_missing` 
 - **default.cfg** added settings for new price-driven bioenergy realization `1st2ndgen_priced_feb24`: `cfg$gms$s60_2ndgen_bioenergy_dem_min_post_fix`, `cfg$gms$c60_bioenergy_subsidy_fix_SSP2`, `s60_bioenergy_gj_price_1st`,
 `s60_bioenergy_price_2nd`, `c60_price_implementation`
 - **core** added `coup2110`timesteps
@@ -60,7 +72,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 - **scenario_config.csv** same revision for input files as in default.cfg
 - **scenario_fsec.csv** scenario settings
 - **start/projects/fsec.R** scenario settings
-- **80_optimization** fixed a bug in nlp_apr17; cycling through CONOPT4, CONOPT4 without preprocessing and CONOPT3 was not working
+- **80_optimization** bugfix in nlp_par. Double solve statement was not working
 - **58_peatland** Added balance variable to avoid random infeasibilites
 - **scripts/start/test_runs.R** include all default output script, in particular disaggregation.R, which is needed for BII
 

config/default.cfg

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ cfg$model <- "main.gms"   #def = "main.gms"
 cfg$input <- c(regional    = "rev4.108_h12_magpie.tgz",
                cellular    = "rev4.108_h12_fd712c0b_cellularmagpie_c200_MRI-ESM2-0-ssp370_lpjml-8e6c5eb1.tgz",
                validation  = "rev4.108_h12_validation.tgz",
-               additional  = "additional_data_rev4.50.tgz",
+               additional  = "additional_data_rev4.51.tgz",
                calibration = "calibration_H12_26Mar24.tgz")
 
 # NOTE: It is recommended to recalibrate the model when changing cellular input data
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ cfg$gms$land <- "landmatrix_dec18"          # def = landmatrix_dec18
 # * The balance variables in the land module avoid infeasibilities due to
 # * differences in accuracy between parameters and variables in GAMS.
 # * High costs make sure that the balance variables are only used as a last resort.
-cfg$gms$s10_cost_balance  <- 1000000   # def = 1000000
+cfg$gms$s10_cost_balance  <- 1e+06   # def = 1e+06
 
 
 # ***---------------------    11_costs   ------ --------------------------------
@@ -679,37 +679,20 @@ cfg$gms$s22_conservation_start <- 2025       # def = 2025
 # * Target year (year when full protection is reached):
 cfg$gms$s22_conservation_target <- 2050       # def = 2050
 
-# ***---------------------    29_ageclass    -----------------------------------
+# ***---------------------    28_ageclass    -----------------------------------
 # * (feb21): Distribution of age-classes according to Poulter et al 2018
 cfg$gms$ageclass    <- "feb21"               # def = feb21
 
-# ***---------------------    30_crop    ---------------------------------------
-# * (endo_apr21): Hard rotational constraints. Dynamic cropland and detailed cropland availability data at grid cell level.
-# * (rotation_apr22): hard rotational constraints and fallow constraints with the option of different future scenarios. Dynamic cropland and detailed cropland availability data at grid cell level.
-# * (penalty_apr22): rotational and fallow constraints are incentivized via penalty payments. Dynamic cropland and detailed cropland availability data at grid cell level.
+# ***---------------------    29_cropland    -----------------------------------
+# * Cropland is defined as the sum of croparea, fallow land and tree cover
+# * Croparea is provided by 30_crop.
+# * Fallow land and tree cover are defined by 29_cropland, 
+# * (simple_apr24): Fallow land and tree cover on cropland are fixed to zero
+# * (detail_apr24): Fallow land and tree cover based on rules or incentives
 # NOTE: It is recommended to recalibrate the model when changing this setting!
-cfg$gms$crop    <- "endo_apr21"               # def = endo_apr21
-# * (c30_bioen_type): switch for type of bioenergy crops; options: begr, betr, all
-cfg$gms$c30_bioen_type <- "all"               # def = "all"
-# * (c30_bioen_water): switch for irrigation of bioenergy crops; options: rainfed, irrigated, all
-cfg$gms$c30_bioen_water <- "rainfed"          # def = "rainfed"
-# * (c30_rotation_constraints): switch for rotational constraints: on, off
-cfg$gms$c30_rotation_constraints <- "on"       # def = "on"
-# * (c30_rotation_scenario): scenarios for constraints.
-# * In realization rotation_apr22: min (minimal constraints), default (best guess), good (good practice),
-# * good_20div (good practice - 20% for other crops), setaside (default plus fallow),
-# * legumes (minimum share of legumes), agroforestry (minimum share of perennials), sixfoldrotation
-# * (crops can only repeat after 6 years), agroecology (mix of previous scenarios)
-# * In realization penalty_apr22: none (no incentives), default (best guess), fallow (increased fallow incentives),
-# * legumes (increased incentives for legumes), agroforestry (increased incentives for perennials), agroecology (mix)
-# * In realization endo_apr21: no scenarios exist.
-cfg$gms$c30_rotation_scenario <- "default"     # def = "default"
-# * Year by which rotation scenario is fully implemented:
-# * Start year:
-cfg$gms$s30_rotation_scenario_start <- 2025       # def = 2025
-# * Target year (year when full implementation is reached):
-cfg$gms$s30_rotation_scenario_target <- 2050       # def = 2050
+cfg$gms$cropland    <- "simple_apr24"               # def = simple_apr24
 
+# *** Options for all cropland realizations ***
 
 # * Switch to determine whether marginal land (suitability index below 0.33) should be included
 # * in the total available cropland. Options are:
@@ -718,39 +701,132 @@ cfg$gms$s30_rotation_scenario_target <- 2050       # def = 2050
 # * ("no_marginal"): Marginal land is completely excluded from crop cultivation
 # * Note: Option "q33_marginal" produces the highest spatial correlation
 # * with observed cropland patterns and is recommended for productive runs.
-cfg$gms$c30_marginal_land <- "q33_marginal"   # def = "q33_marginal"
+cfg$gms$c29_marginal_land <- "q33_marginal"   # def = "q33_marginal"
 
 # * Share of available cropland that is withheld for maintaining semi-natural vegetation (SNV)
 # * in each square km in cropland areas, including grassland, forest and other land. For example,
 # * a share of 0.2 corresponds to 20 % of SNV in terms of the available cropland.
 # * The amount of cropland relocation is estimated based on external high resolution
 # * land cover information from the Copernicus Global Land Service for the year 2019.
 # * Accepted sensible values are between 0 and 0.5
-# Note: s30_snv_shr applies to countries selected in policy_countries30
-# s30_snv_shr_noselect applies to all other countries.
-cfg$gms$s30_snv_shr <- 0                # def = 0
-cfg$gms$s30_snv_shr_noselect <- 0       # def = 0
-# * Year by which SNV policy ('s30_snv_shr') is fully implemented.
+# Note: s29_snv_shr applies to countries selected in policy_countries29
+# s29_snv_shr_noselect applies to all other countries.
+cfg$gms$s29_snv_shr <- 0                # def = 0
+cfg$gms$s29_snv_shr_noselect <- 0       # def = 0
+# * Year by which SNV policy ('s29_snv_shr') is fully implemented.
 # * Start year (should be close to 2019):
-cfg$gms$s30_snv_scenario_start <- 2025       # def = 2025
+cfg$gms$s29_snv_scenario_start <- 2025       # def = 2025
 # * Target year (year when full implementation is reached):
-cfg$gms$s30_snv_scenario_target <- 2050       # def = 2050
+cfg$gms$s29_snv_scenario_target <- 2050       # def = 2050
 # * Switch and specification of countries for which SNV policy in
-# * s30_snv_shr apply.
+# * s29_snv_shr apply.
 # * Options: list of iso-codes of countries where SNV policy should be applied
 # * Note: must be written in the format: "IND, BRA, DEU"
 # * Default: all iso countries
-cfg$gms$policy_countries30  <- all_iso_countries
+cfg$gms$policy_countries29  <- all_iso_countries
 # * Land types included in the SNV policy. This option allows for sensitivity analyses.
 # * plausible options:  "secdforest, forestry, past, other",
 # *                     "secdforest, other",
 # *                     "secdforest, past, other" etc.
 cfg$gms$land_snv <- "secdforest, forestry, past, other"    #def = "secdforest, forestry, past, other"
 
+# *** Options only available for `detail_apr24` realization ***
+
+## Agroforestry settings for treecover on cropland
+# * Sigmoid fader for minimum area share of treecover on total cropland at cluster level
+# * Minimum area share of treecover on total cropland in target year
+cfg$gms$s29_treecover_target <- 0   # def = 0
+# * Avoid loss of existing treecover (1=yes 0=no). 
+# * If set to 1, `s29_treecover_target` will be adjusted based existing treecover area.
+cfg$gms$s29_treecover_keep <- 1   # def = 1
+# * Maximum share of treecover on total cropland (1)
+cfg$gms$s29_treecover_max <- 0.4   # def = 0.4
+# * Start year of fader
+cfg$gms$s29_treecover_scenario_start <- 2025   # def = 2025
+# * Target year of fader (year when full implementation is reached)
+cfg$gms$s29_treecover_scenario_target <- 2050   # def = 2050
+# * Penalty for violation of treecover target before scenario start (USD05MER per ha)
+cfg$gms$s29_treecover_penalty_before <- 2000   # def = 2000
+# * Penalty for violation of treecover target after scenario start (USD05MER per ha)
+cfg$gms$s29_treecover_penalty <- 2000   # def = 2000
+# * Tree cover establishment cost (USD05MER per ha)
+cfg$gms$s29_cost_treecover_est <- 2000   # def = 2000
+# * Tree cover recurring cost (USD05MER per ha)
+cfg$gms$s29_cost_treecover_recur <- 500   # def = 500
+
+# * Sigmoid fader for minimum area share of fallow land on total cropland at cluster level
+# * Minimum area share of fallow land on total cropland in target year
+cfg$gms$s29_fallow_target <- 0   # def = 0
+# * Maximum share of fallow land on total cropland
+cfg$gms$s29_fallow_max <- 0.4   # def = 0.4
+# * Start year of fader
+cfg$gms$s29_fallow_scenario_start <- 2025   # def = 2025
+# * Target year of fader (year when full implementation is reached)
+cfg$gms$s29_fallow_scenario_target <- 2050   # def = 2050
+# * Penalty for violation of fallow land target (USD05MER per ha)
+cfg$gms$s29_fallow_penalty <- 500   # def = 500
+
+# ***---------------------    30_croparea    ---------------------------------------
+# * 30_croparea defines the croparea, which is a subcomponent of total cropland defined in 29_cropland.
+# * (simple_apr24): Dynamic croparea with simple rotational constraints
+# * (detail_apr24): Dynamic croparea with detailed rules and incentives for rotational constraints
+# NOTE: It is recommended to recalibrate the model when changing this setting!
+cfg$gms$croparea    <- "simple_apr24"               # def = simple_apr24
+
+# *** Options for all croparea realizations ***
+
+# * (c30_bioen_type): switch for type of bioenergy crops; options: begr, betr, all
+cfg$gms$c30_bioen_type <- "all"               # def = "all"
+# * (c30_bioen_water): switch for irrigation of bioenergy crops; options: rainfed, irrigated, all
+cfg$gms$c30_bioen_water <- "rainfed"          # def = "rainfed"
+
+## Agroforestry settings for bioenergy trees
+# * Sigmoid fader for minimum area share of bioenergy trees (betr) on total cropland at cluster level
+# * Minimum area share of bioenergy trees on total cropland in start year
+cfg$gms$s30_betr_start <- 0   # def = 0
+# * Minimum area share of bioenergy trees on total cropland in target year
+cfg$gms$s30_betr_target <- 0   # def = 0
+# * Start year of fader
+cfg$gms$s30_betr_scenario_start <- 2025   # def = 2025
+# * Target year of fader (year when full implementation is reached)
+cfg$gms$s30_betr_scenario_target <- 2050   # def = 2050
+# * Penalty for violation of the target (USD05MER per ha)
+cfg$gms$s30_betr_penalty <- 2000   # def = 2000
+
 # * Allowed annual cropland growth per year per region, relative to the current cropland level
 # * e.g., 0.02: 2% annual growth, compounded to 10.4% growth for five-years timestep
 cfg$gms$s30_annual_max_growth <- Inf       # def = Inf
 
+# *** Options only available for `simple_apr24` realization ***
+
+# * (c30_rotation_constraints): switch for rotational constraints: on, off
+cfg$gms$c30_rotation_constraints <- "on"       # def = "on"
+
+# *** Options only available for `detail_apr24` realization ***
+
+# * Switch for rule-based (1) or penalty-based (0) implementation of rotation scenarios
+cfg$gms$s30_implementation <- 1   # def = 1
+
+# * Rotation rules:
+# * min (minimal constraints), default (best guess), good (good practice),
+# * good_20div (good practice - 20% for other crops), setaside (default plus fallow),
+# * legumes (minimum share of legumes), sixfoldrotation (crops can only repeat after 6 years), 
+# * agroecology (mix of previous scenarios), FSEC (similar to agroecology)
+# * betr0 (minimum share of short rotation agroforestry trees), betr10, betr20, betr25, betr30, betr40, betr50.
+cfg$gms$c30_rotation_rules <- "default"     # def = "default"
+
+# * Rotation incentives:
+# * none (no incentives), default (best guess), 
+# * legumes (increased incentives for legumes), agroecology (mix), 
+# * betr500 and betr1000 (incentives for short rotation agroforestry trees)
+cfg$gms$c30_rotation_incentives <- "none"     # def = "none"
+
+# * Year by which rotation scenario is fully implemented:
+# * Start year:
+cfg$gms$s30_rotation_scenario_start <- 2025       # def = 2025
+# * Target year (year when full implementation is reached):
+cfg$gms$s30_rotation_scenario_target <- 2050       # def = 2050
+
 # ***---------------------    31_past    ---------------------------------------
 # * (static):     static pasture
 # * (endo_jun13): dynamic pasture
@@ -1920,7 +1996,7 @@ cfg$gms$s73_expansion <- 0                     # def = 0
 cfg$gms$optimization <- "nlp_apr17"              # def = nlp_apr17
 
 # maximal number of solve iterations
-cfg$gms$s80_maxiter <- 30
+cfg$gms$s80_maxiter <- 30  # def = 30
 
 # Solver settings only for realization `lp_nlp_apr17`. All other realizations use `conopt4`.
 # * (conopt4):         conopt4
@@ -1998,7 +2074,7 @@ cfg$files2export$start <- c("input/info.txt",
                             "modules/14_yields/input/lpj_yields_0.5.mz",
                             "modules/22_land_conservation/input/wdpa_baseline_0.5.mz",
                             "modules/22_land_conservation/input/consv_prio_areas_0.5.mz",
-                            "modules/30_crop/endo_apr21/input/avl_cropland_0.5.mz",
+                            "modules/29_cropland/input/avl_cropland_0.5.mz",
                             "modules/50_nr_soil_budget/input/f50_NitrogenFixationRateNatural_0.5.mz",
                             "modules/50_nr_soil_budget/input/f50_AtmosphericDepositionRates_0.5.mz",
                             "input/f34_urbanland_0.5.mz",

config/scenario_config.csv

@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ gms$c20_scp_type;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;hydrogen
 gms$c21_trade_liberalization;;;;l908080r807070;l909090r808080;l909090r808080;l909595r809090;l908080r807070;l908080r807070;l908080r807070;l908080r807070;l909595r809090;l908080r807070;;;;;;;;;;;;l908080r807070;l908080r807070;l908080r807070;l908080r807070;l908080r807070;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 gms$c22_protect_scenario;;;;none;none;none;none;none;none;BH;none;BH_IFL;BH;;;;;;;BH;;;;;BH_IFL;BH_IFL;BH_IFL;BH_IFL;BH_IFL;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 gms$c22_protect_scenario_noselect;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;none;none;BH_IFL;none;BH_IFL;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-gms$c30_bioen_water;;;;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;all;rainfed;rainfed;;;;;;;rainfed;;;;rainfed;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-gms$s30_snv_shr;;;;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.2;;;;;;;0;;;;;0.2;0.2;0.2;0.2;0.2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-gms$s30_snv_shr_noselect;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;0;0;0.2;0;0.2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-gms$s30_snv_scenario_target;;;;;;;;;;;;;2030;;;;;;;;;;;;2030;2030;2030;2030;2030;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+gms$s29_snv_shr;;;;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0.2;;;;;;;0;;;;;0.2;0.2;0.2;0.2;0.2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+gms$s29_snv_shr_noselect;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;0;0;0.2;0;0.2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+gms$s29_snv_scenario_target;;;;;;;;;;;;;2030;;;;;;;;;;;;2030;2030;2030;2030;2030;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+gms$c30_bioen_water;;;;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;rainfed;all;rainfed;rainfed;;;;;;;rainfed;;;rainfed;all;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 gms$s30_annual_max_growth;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;0.02
 gms$c31_grassl_yld_scenario;cc;nocc;nocc_hist;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 gms$c32_shock_scenario;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;none;002lin2030;004lin2030;008lin2030;016lin2030;;;;;;;;