Create merge_sort

cpp_programs/merge_sort

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+// C++ program for Merge Sort
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+// Merges two subarrays of array[].
+// First subarray is arr[begin..mid]
+// Second subarray is arr[mid+1..end]
+void merge(int array[], int const left, int const mid,
+		int const right)
+{
+	auto const subArrayOne = mid - left + 1;
+	auto const subArrayTwo = right - mid;
+
+	// Create temp arrays
+	auto *leftArray = new int[subArrayOne],
+		*rightArray = new int[subArrayTwo];
+
+	// Copy data to temp arrays leftArray[] and rightArray[]
+	for (auto i = 0; i < subArrayOne; i++)
+		leftArray[i] = array[left + i];
+	for (auto j = 0; j < subArrayTwo; j++)
+		rightArray[j] = array[mid + 1 + j];
+
+	auto indexOfSubArrayOne
+		= 0, // Initial index of first sub-array
+		indexOfSubArrayTwo
+		= 0; // Initial index of second sub-array
+	int indexOfMergedArray
+		= left; // Initial index of merged array
+
+	// Merge the temp arrays back into array[left..right]
+	while (indexOfSubArrayOne < subArrayOne
+		&& indexOfSubArrayTwo < subArrayTwo) {
+		if (leftArray[indexOfSubArrayOne]
+			<= rightArray[indexOfSubArrayTwo]) {
+			array[indexOfMergedArray]
+				= leftArray[indexOfSubArrayOne];
+			indexOfSubArrayOne++;
+		}
+		else {
+			array[indexOfMergedArray]
+				= rightArray[indexOfSubArrayTwo];
+			indexOfSubArrayTwo++;
+		}
+		indexOfMergedArray++;
+	}
+	// Copy the remaining elements of
+	// left[], if there are any
+	while (indexOfSubArrayOne < subArrayOne) {
+		array[indexOfMergedArray]
+			= leftArray[indexOfSubArrayOne];
+		indexOfSubArrayOne++;
+		indexOfMergedArray++;
+	}
+	// Copy the remaining elements of
+	// right[], if there are any
+	while (indexOfSubArrayTwo < subArrayTwo) {
+		array[indexOfMergedArray]
+			= rightArray[indexOfSubArrayTwo];
+		indexOfSubArrayTwo++;
+		indexOfMergedArray++;
+	}
+	delete[] leftArray;
+	delete[] rightArray;
+}
+
+// begin is for left index and end is
+// right index of the sub-array
+// of arr to be sorted */
+void mergeSort(int array[], int const begin, int const end)
+{
+	if (begin >= end)
+		return; // Returns recursively
+
+	auto mid = begin + (end - begin) / 2;
+	mergeSort(array, begin, mid);
+	mergeSort(array, mid + 1, end);
+	merge(array, begin, mid, end);
+}
+
+// UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+// Function to print an array
+void printArray(int A[], int size)
+{
+	for (auto i = 0; i < size; i++)
+		cout << A[i] << " ";
+}
+
+// Driver code
+int main()
+{
+	int arr[] = { 12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7 };
+	auto arr_size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
+
+	cout << "Given array is \n";
+	printArray(arr, arr_size);
+
+	mergeSort(arr, 0, arr_size - 1);
+
+	cout << "\nSorted array is \n";
+	printArray(arr, arr_size);
+	return 0;
+}
+