chore(deps): Move from base-nossl to static (backport release-3.3.x)

[loki-gh-app]

Backport 5f670a4 from #15203

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What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR removes the inclusion of glibc into most of the Docker images created by the Loki build system.

It excludes:

• The loki-canary BoringCrypto image, as it requires glibc as part of the CGO dependency
• The debug image for Loki, as it installs dlv, which in turn requires glibc

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
This removes an unneeded dependency, which adds some low severity CVE items into the Docker images that we generate.

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

[github-actions]

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