feat: add support for comparing Red Hat versions locally (#1355)

This adds support for comparing versions in the Red Hat ecosystem
locally, in the same manner as the native `rpm` tool does.

Huge shout out to @jantman whose fantastically concise [blog
post](https://blog.jasonantman.com/2014/07/how-yum-and-rpm-compare-versions/#how-rpm-compares-version-parts)
on how the comparator works provided just about everything I needed to
implement this without involvement from other sources - the only thing
it was missing is the caret special character, which I assume was added
(probably long) after that blog post was written.

I did have a peek at his PR for Puppet and some of the original sources
for the manual test fixtures, but I appreciated not having to actively
dig into the C code like I had to with Alpine 😅

Note that for the first time such a pull request for `semantic` does
_not_ include a fixture generator because there are so many
advisories/packages/versions in the osv.dev database that the file came
out as over 1mb, so I'm going to do a dedicated pull request for the
generator which will avoid committing the actual file but instead rely
on the weekly `semantic` runs.

Also, I believe some of the other ecosystems use this format under the
hood (AlmaLinux and SUSE were mentioned by @hogo6002 , and I feel like I
heard somewhere that Rocky Linux also might use `rpm`?); I have
purposely not looked into those since I'm not familiar with this part of
the digital world and ultimately support for them would be best landed
in a dedicated pull request.

Resolves #1336

internal/semantic/compare_test.go

@@ -234,6 +234,10 @@ func TestVersion_Compare_Ecosystems(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "Alpine",
 			file: "alpine-versions-generated.txt",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Red Hat",
+			file: "redhat-versions.txt",
+		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {

internal/semantic/fixtures/redhat-versions.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+1.0 = 1.0
+1.0 < 2.0
+2.0 > 1.0
+2.0.1 = 2.0.1
+2.0 < 2.0.1
+2.0.1 > 2.0
+2.0.1a = 2.0.1a
+2.0.1a > 2.0.1
+2.0.1 < 2.0.1a
+5.5p1 = 5.5p1
+5.5p1 < 5.5p2
+5.5p2 > 5.5p1
+5.5p10 = 5.5p10
+5.5p1 < 5.5p10
+5.5p10 > 5.5p1
+10xyz < 10.1xyz
+10.1xyz > 10xyz
+xyz10 = xyz10
+xyz10 < xyz10.1
+xyz10.1 > xyz10
+xyz.4 = xyz.4
+xyz.4 < 8
+8 > xyz.4
+xyz.4 < 2
+2 > xyz.4
+5.5p2 < 5.6p1
+5.6p1 > 5.5p2
+5.6p1 < 6.5p1
+6.5p1 > 5.6p1
+6.0.rc1 > 6.0
+6.0 < 6.0.rc1
+10b2 > 10a1
+10a2 < 10b2
+1.0aa = 1.0aa
+1.0a < 1.0aa
+1.0aa > 1.0a
+10.0001 = 10.0001
+10.0001 = 10.1
+10.1 = 10.0001
+10.0001 < 10.0039
+10.0039 > 10.0001
+4.999.9 < 5.0
+5.0 > 4.999.9
+20101121 = 20101121
+20101121 < 20101122
+20101122 > 20101121
+2_0 = 2_0
+2.0 = 2_0
+2_0 = 2.0
+a = a
+a+ = a+
+a+ = a_
+a_ = a+
++a = +a
++a = _a
+_a = +a
++_ = +_
+_+ = +_
+_+ = _+
++ = _
+_ = +
+1.0~rc1 = 1.0~rc1
+
+1.0~rc1 < 1.0
+1.0 > 1.0~rc1
+
+1.0~rc1 < 1.0~rc2
+1.0~rc2 > 1.0~rc1
+
+1.0~rc1~git123 = 1.0~rc1~git123
+1.0~rc1~git123 < 1.0~rc1
+1.0~rc1 < 1.0arc1
+
+# epochs
+1:1 = 1:1
+0:1 < 1:1
+0:1 < 1:2
+0:1~1 < 1:2
+3:1~1 > 1:2
+1~1 < 1:2
+3 < 1:2
+13 < 14:2
+13:5 < 14:2
+13:5 > 04:2
+13:5 > 004:2
+013:5 > 004:2
+130:5 > 004:2
+184:2 > 177:5
+01:2 = 1:2
+
+a:1 = a:1
+a:1 < b:1
+a:1 < a:2
+a:1~1 < a:2
+c:1~1 > a:2
+
+a1:1 = a1:1
+a1:1 < b1:1
+a1:1 < a1:2
+a2:1 > a1:2
+
+b1:1 > a2:1
+a:1 < a1:1
+b:1 > a1:1
+b~1:1 > a1:1
+
+# releases
+1-123 > 1-2
+1-1 = 1-1
+1-2 > 1-1
+1 < 1-1
+1 < 1-0
+1 < 1-
+1- = 1-
+
+1-123 > 1-1.el7
+
+# arch
+0:3.10.0-229.el7 < 0:3.10.0-229.1.2.ael7b
+0:2.4.21-9.EL < 0:2.4.21-9.0.1.EL
+
+0:3.10.0-229.el7 < 0:3.10.0-229.1.2.ael7b
+1-1.a > 1-1.
+1-1. = 1-1.
+1-1. = 1-1
+1-1 < 1-1.1
+1. = 1
+1-1.a = 1-1.a
+1-1.a < 1-1.e
+1-1.c > 1-1.b
+1-1.4 > 1-1.3
+1-1.1 < 1-1.2
+1-1.ael7b < 1-1.el7
+0:3.10.0-229.1.2.ael7b < 0:3.10.0-229.1.2.el7
+
+1 < 1-
+0:3.10.0-229.1.2.ael7b < 0:3.10.0-229.4.2.ael7b
+
+1.0^ = 1.0^
+1.0^ > 1.0
+1.0 < 1.0^
+1.0^git1 = 1.0^git1
+1.0^git1 > 1.0
+1.0 < 1.0^git1
+1.0^git1 < 1.0^git2
+1.0^git2 > 1.0^git1
+1.0^git1 < 1.01
+1.01 > 1.0^git1
+1.0^20160101 = 1.0^20160101
+1.0^20160101 < 1.0.1
+1.0.1 > 1.0^20160101
+1.0^20160101^git1 = 1.0^20160101^git1
+1.0^20160102 > 1.0^20160101^git1
+1.0^20160101^git1 < 1.0^20160102
+
+1.0~rc1^git1 = 1.0~rc1^git1
+1.0~rc1^git1 > 1.0~rc1
+1.0~rc1 < 1.0~rc1^git1
+1.0^git1~pre = 1.0^git1~pre
+1.0^git1 > 1.0^git1~pre
+1.0^git1~pre < 1.0^git1
+
+1.1.α = 1.1.α
+1.1.α = 1.1.β
+1.1.β = 1.1.α
+1.1.αα = 1.1.α
+1.1.α = 1.1.ββ
+1.1.ββ = 1.1.αα
+
+1.1.a < 1.2.ββ
+1.1.a < 0:1.2.ββ
+1.1.α < 1.1.a

internal/semantic/parse.go

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ func Parse(str string, ecosystem models.Ecosystem) (Version, error) {
 		return parseSemverVersion(str), nil
 	case "PyPI":
 		return parsePyPIVersion(str), nil
+	case "Red Hat":
+		return parseRedHatVersion(str), nil
 	case "RubyGems":
 		return parseRubyGemsVersion(str), nil
 	case "Ubuntu":