ApiAuth

Logins and passwords are for humans. Communication between applications need to be protected through different means.

ApiAuth is a Ruby gem designed to be used both in your client and server HTTP-based applications. It implements the same authentication methods (HMAC-SHA1) used by Amazon Web Services.

The gem will sign your requests on the client side and authenticate that signature on the server side. If your server resources are implemented as a Rails ActiveResource, it will integrate with that. It will even generate the secret keys necessary for your clients to sign their requests.

Since it operates entirely using HTTP headers, the server component does not have to be written in the same language as the clients.

How it works

1. A canonical string is first created using your HTTP headers containing the content-type, content-MD5, request URI and the timestamp. If content-type or content-MD5 are not present, then a blank string is used in their place. If the timestamp isn't present, a valid HTTP date is automatically added to the request. The canonical string string is computed as follows:

   canonical_string = 'content-type,content-MD5,request URI,timestamp'

2. This string is then used to create the signature which is a Base64 encoded SHA1 HMAC, using the client's private secret key.

3. This signature is then added as the Authorization HTTP header in the form:

   Authorization = APIAuth 'client access id':'signature from step 2'

4. On the server side, the SHA1 HMAC is computed in the same way using the request headers and the client's secret key, which is known to only the client and the server but can be looked up on the server using the client's access id that was attached in the header. The access id can be any integer or string that uniquely identifies the client. The signed request expires after 15 minutes in order to avoid replay attacks.

References

• Hash functions
• SHA-1 Hash function
• HMAC algorithm
• RFC 2104 (HMAC)

Install

The gem doesn't have any dependencies outside of having a working OpenSSL configuration for your Ruby VM. To install:

[sudo] gem install api-auth

Please note the dash in the name versus the underscore.

Clients

ApiAuth supports many popular HTTP clients. Support for other clients can be added as a request driver.

Here is the current list of supported request objects:

• Net::HTTP
• ActionController::Request
• Curb (Curl::Easy)
• RestClient

HTTP Client Objects

Here's a sample implementation of signing a request created with RestClient. For more examples, please check out the ApiAuth Spec where every supported HTTP client is tested.

Assuming you have a client access id and secret as follows:

    @access_id = "1044"
    @secret_key = ApiAuth.generate_secret_key

A typical RestClient PUT request may look like:

    headers = { 'Content-MD5' => "e59ff97941044f85df5297e1c302d260",
        'Content-Type' => "text/plain",
        'Date' => "Mon, 23 Jan 1984 03:29:56 GMT" }
    @request = RestClient::Request.new(:url => "/resource.xml?foo=bar&bar=foo",
        :headers => headers,
        :method => :put)

To sign that request, simply call the sign! method as follows:

    @signed_request = ApiAuth.sign!(@request, @access_id, @secret_key)

The proper Authorization request header has now been added to that request object and it's ready to be transmitted. It's recommended that you sign the request as one of the last steps in building the request to ensure the headers don't change after the signing process which would cause the authentication check to fail on the server side.

ActiveResource Clients

ApiAuth can transparently protect your ActiveResource communications with a single configuration line:

    class MyResource < ActiveResource::Base
      with_api_auth(access_id, secret_key)
    end

This will automatically sign all outgoing ActiveResource requests from your app.

Server

ApiAuth provides some built in methods to help you generate API keys for your clients as well as verifying incoming API requests.

To generate a Base64 encoded API key for a client:

    ApiAuth.generate_secret_key

To validate whether or not a request is authentic:

    ApiAuth.authentic?(signed_request, secret_key)

If your server is a Rails app, the signed request will be the request object.

In order to obtain the secret key for the client, you first need to look up the client's access_id. ApiAuth can pull that from the request headers for you:

    ApiAuth.access_id(signed_request)

Once you've looked up the client's record via the access id, you can then verify whether or not the request is authentic. Typically, the access id for the client will be their record's primary key in the DB that stores the record or some other public unique identifier for the client.

Here's a sample method that can be used in a before_filter if your server is a Rails app:

    before_filter :api_authenticate

    def api_authenticate
      @current_account = Account.find_by_access_id(ApiAuth.access_id(request))
      return ApiAuth.authentic?(request, @current_account.secret_key) unless @current_account.nil?
      false
    end

Development

ApiAuth uses bundler for gem dependencies and RSpec for testing. Developing the gem requires that you have all supported HTTP clients installed. Bundler will take care of all that for you.

To run the tests:

rake spec

If you'd like to add support for additional HTTP clients, check out the already implemented drivers in lib/api_auth/request_drivers for reference. All of the public methods for each driver are required to be implemented by your driver.

Authors

• Mauricio Gomes
• Kevin Glowacz

Copyright

Copyright (c) 2012 Gemini SBS LLC. See LICENSE.txt for further details.