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A programmer's guide to live longer: Methods to increase life expectancy, curated from All-Cause Mortality (ACM) research. Original work (in Chinese): https://github.com/geekan/HowToLiveLonger

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How To Live Longer - in English

A programmer's guide to live longer: Methods to increase life expectancy, curated from All-Cause Mortality (ACM) research. Original work (in Chinese): https://github.com/geekan/HowToLiveLonger This document is merely automatic translation (via translate.google.com) of geekan et al.'s work with a small number of edits, so included links mostly points to Chinese webpages and it may include many grammatical errors. If you detect them, could you please fix them and update the document? Enjoy!

Programmer 's Guide to Life Extension

term

  • ACM: All-Cause Mortality

target

  • Live longer

key result

  • Reduce all-cause mortality by 66.67%
  • Increase life expectancy by ~20 years
  • Maintain dopamine

analysis

  • Main reference: There are relatively many academic literature on ACM , which can be used as the main reference
  • Increased life and ACM is nonlinear : Obviously, the relationship between increased life and ACM is a nonlinear function, which is assumed here. DeltaLifeSpan=(1/(1-ACM)-1)*10
  • Variables cannot be simply superimposed: Obviously, the independent and identical distribution assumptions are not met between the variables, and the actual impact between the variables is not clear
  • There are contradictory views: all the evidences have literature / study correspondence, but note that: some literatures have significantly contradictory views (such as the contradiction of carbohydrate intake ratio ) ; Sleeping increases all-cause mortality by 43% )
  • Research only expresses correlation: all the literature shows correlation rather  than causation, and you should consider whether the literature fully proves causation when reading - such as a study which shows that people who take >=7000 steps per day have significantly lower all-cause mortality rate. However, people with fewer steps may include more long-term patients. If this data is not reasonably excluded, the literature survey will be distorted .

action

input

  • Solids: Eat white meat ( -3%~-11% ACM ), mainly vegetables and fruits ( -17%~-26% ACM ), eat more spicy food ( -23% ACM ), eat more nuts ( -4%~-27%) ACM ), eat less egg yolk ( otherwise +7% ACM/0.5 pcs / day), moderate carbohydrates, eat more vegetable protein ( -10% ACM )
  • Liquid: drink coffee ( -12%~-22% ACM ), drink milk ( -10%~-17% ACM ), drink tea ( -8%~15% ACM ), drink less or no sweetened beverages (otherwise One glass per day +7% ACM , + dopamine), quit drinking or within 100g per week ( pure alcohol (g) = drinking amount (ml) × alcohol concentration (%) × alcohol density 0.8g/ml ) ( otherwise +~ 50% ACM , no cap )
  • Gas: no smoking ( otherwise +~50% ACM , -11~-12 years lifespan )
  • Light: Sunbathing ( -~40% ACM )
  • Drugs: Metformin ( +3 years for diabetics compared to normal), Multivitamins ( -8% cancer risk), Spermidine ( -30 %~-60% ACM ), Glucosamine ( -39% ACM )

output

  • Exercise : 45 -minute swing 3 times per week ( -47% ACM )
  • Everyday: Brush your teeth ( -25% ACM )
  • Sleep: 7 hours of sleep per day has the lowest all-cause mortality; and the best time between 22-24 o'clock , early bed *+43% ACM **, late bed **+15% ACM *( controversial )

context

  • Weight: Lose weight ( -54% ACM )

evidence

input

solid

Image:

  • Further research showed that among all dietary patterns, the dietary pattern with the lowest risk of all-cause mortality was: 10-30g high fiber, 14-30% protein , 10-25% monounsaturated fatty acids, 5%-7% more Unsaturated fatty acids and 20%-30% starch intake .
  • Optimal energy source ratio: <24% starch, 15%-17% protein , >15% monounsaturated fatty acid, <15% sugar, 6% saturated fatty acid, 6% polyunsaturated fatty acid, 30g+ high fiber

liquid

gas

  • smoking

  • Even low- intensity smoking increases the risk of death !

  • The study found: Among 42 416 men and 86 735 women ( aged 35-89 years with no previous disease), 18 985 men ( 45% ) and 18 072 women ( 21% ) were current smokers , 33% of male smokers and 39% of female smokers did not smoke daily. 8866 men ( 21% ) and 53 912 women ( 62% ) never smoked. During follow-up , the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality compared with never smoking were 1.17 ( 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.25 ) and 1.54 ( 1.42-1.67 ) for <10 cigarettes per day or ≥10 cigarettes per day, respectively ). Hazard ratios were similar regardless of age or gender. The diseases most closely associated with daily smoking are respiratory cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and gastrointestinal and vascular diseases. People who had quit smoking at the time of recruitment had lower mortality rates than current daily smokers .

  • Smokers lose 11-12 years of life on average

  • smoking so addicting? Is Moderate Smoking Still Harmful ?

light

drug

output

swing movement

walk

brush your teeth

take a bath

  • risk of cardiovascular disease

  • Compared with taking one to two baths a week or not taking a bath at all, daily hot baths were associated with a 28% lower overall risk of cardiovascular disease , a 26% lower overall risk of stroke , and a 46% lower risk of brain hemorrhage . The frequency of bathing was not associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death .

housework (older men )

  • Housework Reduces All-Cause and Cancer Mortality in Chinese Men

  • Weekly heavy housework reduces average death rate by 29% for men after age 72

  • Heavy household chores : vacuuming, mopping floors, mopping windows , washing cars, moving furniture, moving gas tanks, etc.

  • Light housework: dusting, washing dishes, hand washing clothes, ironing, drying clothes, cooking, shopping for groceries, etc.

sleep

context

emotion

  • Pessimism is associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, but optimism is not protective

  • In 1993-1995 , a study of healthy twins in Australians over the age of 50 included the Life Orientation Test ( LOT ), which included items of optimism and pessimism. After an average of 20 years, participants were matched with death information from Australia 's National Mortality Index. Of the 2,978 participants with many available scores, 1,068 died. Survival analyses tested associations between various optimism and pessimism scores and mortality from any cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease, or other known causes . Core on the age-adjusted pessimism scale was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality ( hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation unit, 95 % confidence interval and p -values 1.134 , 1.065--1.207 , 8.85×10--5 and 1.196 , 1.045--1.368 , 0.0093 ), but did not die from cancer. The correlation between optimistic and pessimistic scores was weak (age-adjusted rank correlation coefficient = -0.176 ), but not significantly associated with overall or cause-specific mortality. Reverse causality (diseases that cause pessimism) is not possible, because in that case both cardiovascular disease and cancer cause pessimism .

rich and poor

  • JAMA sub-issue: Can the gap between the rich and the poor really affect life expectancy? It might be true !

  • The study used data first collected from 1994-1996 and used a survival model to analyze the association between net worth and longevity. The results showed that a total of 5414 participants were included, with an average age of 46.7 years, including 2766 women. Higher net worth is associated with a lower risk of death. Among siblings and twins in particular ( n =2490 ), a similar association was observed between higher net worth and lower mortality, suggesting that siblings or twins with more wealth were less wealthy than those with less wealth Siblings / twins live longer .

weight

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A programmer's guide to live longer: Methods to increase life expectancy, curated from All-Cause Mortality (ACM) research. Original work (in Chinese): https://github.com/geekan/HowToLiveLonger

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