iox-#743 Add architecture article

doc/design/diagrams/iceoryx_components_diagram_v2_0_0.puml

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+@startuml
+
+title Eclipse iceoryx Component Overview v2.0.0
+
+skinparam BackgroundColor transparent
+skinparam componentStyle uml2
+
+skinparam component {
+   backgroundColor<<namespace>> yellow
+}
+
+skinparam package {
+   backgroundColor green
+}
+
+skinparam frame {
+   backgroundColor chocolate
+}
+
+' PlantUML package: CMake package
+' PlantUML frame: CMake library
+
+' HOOFS: Helpful Objects Optimised For Safety
+' Library containing modern C++ STL constructs
+package iceoryx_hoofs  {
+   frame "hoofs library" {
+      component concurrent <<namespace>>
+      component cxx <<namespace>> {
+         component newtype <<namespace>>
+         component set <<namespace>>
+         component algorithm <<namespace>>
+      }
+      component DesignPattern <<namespace>>
+      component log <<namespace>> {
+         component ffbb <<namespace>>
+      }
+      component units <<namespace>> {
+         component duration_literals <<namespace>>
+
+      }
+      component posix <<namespace>>
+      component rp <<namespace>>
+   }
+}
+
+' POSH: POSIX SHared memory
+' Publish/subscribe IPC communication infrastructure based on shared memory
+package iceoryx_posh {
+   frame "core library" {
+      component popo <<namespace>>
+      component capro <<namespace>>
+      component mepoo <<namespace>>
+      component version <<namespace>>
+      component build <<namespace>>
+      component runtime <<namespace>>
+      component helper <<namespace>>
+   }
+
+   frame "gateway library" {
+      component gw <<namespace>>
+   }
+
+   frame "RouDi library" {
+      component roudi <<namespace>>
+   }
+
+   frame "config library" {
+      component config <<namespace>>
+   }
+}
+
+' DDS: Data Distribution Service
+'
+package iceoryx_dds  {
+   component dds <<namespace>>
+   component gw <<namespace>> as gateway_dds
+}
+
+' C-Binding
+package iceoryx_binding_c  {
+   component cpp2c <<namespace>>
+   component c2cpp <<namespace>>
+}
+
+
+' Introspection
+package iceoryx_introspection  {
+   component client <<namespace>> {
+      component introspection <<namespace>>
+   }
+}
+
+iceoryx_posh  ..>  iceoryx_hoofs  : use
+iceoryx_dds  ..>  iceoryx_posh  : use
+iceoryx_binding_c  ..>  iceoryx_posh  : use
+introspection  ..>  iceoryx_posh  : use
+@enduml

doc/design/diagrams/iceoryx_software_layers_v2_0_0.puml

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+@startuml
+
+title Eclipse iceoryx software layers (v2.0.0)
+
+skinparam BackgroundColor transparent
+skinparam componentStyle uml2
+
+skinparam component {
+   backgroundColor<<namespace>> yellow
+}
+
+skinparam package {
+   backgroundColor green
+}
+
+skinparam frame {
+   backgroundColor chocolate
+}
+
+[iceoryx_hoofs]
+[iceoryx_posh]
+[iceoryx_binding_c]
+[C user app]
+[C++ user app]
+
+note right of iceoryx_hoofs : Basic building block library
+note right of iceoryx_posh : Shared memory transport (POsix SHared memory)
+note left of iceoryx_binding_c : C API for iceoryx_posh
+
+[iceoryx_posh]  ..>  [iceoryx_hoofs]
+[iceoryx_binding_c]  ..>  [iceoryx_posh]
+[C user app]  ..>  [iceoryx_binding_c]
+[C++ user app]  ..>  [iceoryx_posh]
+@enduml

doc/website/concepts/architecture.md

@@ -1 +1,64 @@
 # Architecture
+
+This article provides an overview of the Eclipse iceoryx architecture and explains the rationale for it.
+
+## Software layers
+
+The main packages which Eclipse iceoryx is composed of are depicted below.
+
+![Software layers](../images/iceoryx_software_layers_v2_0_0.svg)
+
+The next sections briefly describe the components and their libraries one by one.
+
+## Components and libraries
+
+The different libraries and their namespaces are depicted below.
+
+![Component diagram](../images/iceoryx_components_diagram_v2_0_0.svg)
+
+### iceoryx hoofs
+
+Handy Objects Optimized For Safety (hoofs) is a library and contains various building blocks like fixed size containers,
+concurrency classes and modern, next-gen C++ constructs from upcoming C++ standard releases.
+
+For more information about the components, refer to its [detailed description](iceoryx_hoofs.md).
+
+### iceoryx posh
+
+The package `iceoryx_posh` (**PO**SIX **SH**ared memory) contains everything related to shared memory inter-process communication.
+
+#### Core library
+
+This section describes the namespaces of the core library.
+
+* `popo`: The namespace posh ports contains the user-API classes which are used to transfer data.
+* `capro`: The namespace canonical protocol implements the [SoA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture)
+protocol, which is used by `iceoryx_posh` to connect and discover `popo::Publisher` and `popo::Server`.
+* `mepoo`: The namespace memory pool contains all memory-related classes. For example the `MemoryManager` or `SharedPointer`.
+* `version`: The namespace version contains ABI compatibilities checks.
+* `build`: The namespace build contains certain maximium values which can be changed before compilation.
+
+#### Gatway library
+
+* The gateway library and its namespace `gw` contain generic abstractions to create a gateway. They are used by `iceoryx_dds`.
+
+#### RouDi library
+
+* The library RouDi and its namespace `roudi` contain classes which compose the RouDi daemon.
+
+### iceoryx C binding
+
+The module `iceoryx_binding_c` makes the inter-process communication features of `iceoryx_posh` available in C.
+
+### iceoryx DDS
+
+The package `iceoryx_dds` provides a bi-directional DDS gateway using [Eclipse Cyclone DDS](https://cyclonedds.io/).
+The gateway can be used to send data over a network e.g. via Ethernet.
+
+For more information, refer to the [Readme](https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/blob/master/iceoryx_dds/README.md).
+
+### iceoryx introspection
+
+The introspection client can be used for live debugging and provides information of the current system like memory usage.
+
+For more information, refer to the [icecrystal example](icecrystal.md).