Issue #53: Created OpenAPI documentation

docs/book/v5/openapi/generate-documentation.md

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+# Generating the documentation file
+
+> Make sure that in `src/App/src/OpenAPI.php`, on the line with `#[OA\Server` the value of `url` is set to the of URL of
+> your instance of **Dotkernel API**.
+
+Using your terminal, move to the root directory of your project.
+
+Dotkernel API stores the OpenAPI attributes in the `src` directory, so that's the path we will use for generating the
+static documentation file.
+
+## Methods of generating documentation file
+
+### Without saving it to a file
+
+```shell
+./vendor/bin/openapi ./src
+```
+
+This will output the generated content to the terminal.
+
+### Place it in a custom location
+
+```shell
+./vendor/bin/openapi ./src --output public/openapi.yaml
+```
+
+This will place the generated file `openapi.yaml` in the `public` directory.
+
+### Specify OpenAPI version
+
+Supported OpenAPI versions are `3.0.0` and `3.1.0`, `3.0.0` being the default version.
+
+The below command will specify both the output location and the OpenAPI version:
+
+```shell
+./vendor/bin/openapi ./src --version 3.1.0
+```
+
+### Specify output file format
+
+Supported file formats are `yaml` and `json`, `yaml` being the default format.
+
+The below command will specify the output location and `zircote/swagger-php` will determine the file format:
+
+```shell
+./vendor/bin/openapi ./src --output public/openapi.json
+```
+
+Or be specific about the format by appending the `--format` argument:
+
+```shell
+./vendor/bin/openapi ./src --output public/openapi.json --format json
+```
+
+These will place the generated file `openapi.json` in the `public` directory.

docs/book/v5/openapi/getting-help.md

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+# Getting help
+
+- consult the OpenAPI [specs](https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html) for a complete
+reference of the presented objects
+- see more examples of OpenAPI object representations in `zircote/swagger-php`'s
+[GitHub repository](https://github.com/zircote/swagger-php/tree/master/Examples)
+- consult `zircote/swagger-php`'s
+[online documentation](http://zircote.github.io/swagger-php/guide/generating-openapi-documents.html) or run the
+following command to see their help page:
+
+```shell
+./vendor/bin/openapi --help
+```

docs/book/v5/openapi/initialized-components.md

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+# Initialized OpenAPI components
+
+Below you will find details on some prepopulated OpenAPI components we added to Dotkernel API.
+
+## OA\Info
+
+Defined in `src/App/src/OpenAPI.php`, this object provides general info about the API:
+
+- `version`: API version (example: `1.0.0`)
+- `title`: title shown in the UI (example: `Dotkernel API`)
+
+For more info, see [this page](https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html#info-object).
+
+## OA\Server
+
+Defined in `src/App/src/OpenAPI.php`, this object provides API server entries:
+
+- `url`: API server URL (example: `https://api.example.com` - use no trailing slash!)
+- `description`: describes the purpose of the server (example: `Dev`, `Staging`, `Production` or even `Auth` if you use
+a separate authentication server)
+
+You can have multiple `Server` definitions, one for each of your Dotkernel API instances.
+
+For more info, see [this page](https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html#server-object).
+
+## OA\SecurityScheme
+
+Defined in `src/App/src/OpenAPI.php`, you will find an object for the `AuthToken` security header:
+
+- `securityScheme`: the name of the security scheme - you will provide this to indicate that an endpoint is protected
+- `type`: whether it's an API key, an authorization header etc
+- `in`: indicates where the scheme is applied (`query`/`header`/`cookie`)
+- `bearerFormat`: a hint to the client to identify how the bearer token is formatted
+- `scheme`: the name of the authorization scheme to be used
+
+And another object for the `ErrorReportingToken` security token:
+
+- `securityScheme`: the name of the security scheme - you will provide this to indicate that an endpoint is protected
+- `type`: whether it's an API key, an authorization header etc
+- `in`: indicates where the scheme is applied (`query`/`header`/`cookie`)
+- `name`: the name of the header
+
+For more info, see [this page](https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html#security-scheme-object).
+
+## OA\ExternalDocumentation
+
+Defined in `src/App/src/OpenAPI.php`, in this object we provide the following details:
+
+- `description`: describes the purpose of the document
+- `url`: external documentation URL
+
+For more info, see [this page](https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html#external-documentation-object).
+
+## OA\Schema
+
+Schemas are OpenAPI objects describing an object or collection of objects existing in your project.
+
+### Schemas describing objects
+
+In order to describe an object (entity) you will need to transform in into a schema.
+
+Object:
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Api\User\Entity;
+
+use Api\App\Entity\AbstractEntity;
+use Api\App\Entity\RoleInterface;
+use Api\App\Entity\TimestampsTrait;
+use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
+
+class UserRole extends AbstractEntity implements RoleInterface
+{
+    use TimestampsTrait;
+
+    #[ORM\Column(name: "name", type: "string", length: 20, unique: true)]
+    protected ?string $name = null;
+
+    // methods
+}
+```
+
+Schema:
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Api\User;
+
+use Api\User\Entity\UserRole;
+use OpenApi\Attributes as OA;
+
+...
+
+/**
+ * @see UserRole
+ */
+#[OA\Schema(
+    schema: 'UserRole',
+    properties: [
+        new OA\Property(property: 'uuid', type: 'string', example: '1234abcd-abcd-4321-12ab-123456abcdef'),
+        new OA\Property(property: 'name', type: 'string', example: UserRole::ROLE_USER),
+        new OA\Property(
+            property: '_links',
+            properties: [
+                new OA\Property(
+                    property: 'self',
+                    properties: [
+                        new OA\Property(
+                            property: 'href',
+                            type: 'string',
+                            example: 'https://example.com/user/role/1234abcd-abcd-4321-12ab-123456abcdef',
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    type: 'object',
+                ),
+            ],
+            type: 'object',
+        ),
+    ],
+    type: 'object',
+)]
+```
+
+Then, when generating the documentation file, `OpenAPI` will transform it into the specified format (**json**/**yaml**).
+
+```yaml
+UserRole:
+  properties:
+    uuid:
+      type: string
+      example: 1234abcd-abcd-4321-12ab-123456abcdef
+    name:
+      type: string
+      example: user
+    _links:
+      properties:
+        self:
+          properties:
+            href:
+              type: string
+              example: 'https://example.com/user/role/1234abcd-abcd-4321-12ab-123456abcdef'
+          type: object
+      type: object
+  type: object
+```
+
+### Schemas describing collections of objects
+
+Collections of objects are just as easy to describe in `OpenAPI` as they are in PHP.
+
+PHP collection:
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Api\User\Collection;
+
+use Api\App\Collection\ResourceCollection;
+
+class UserRoleCollection extends ResourceCollection
+{
+}
+```
+
+Schema:
+
+```php
+#[OA\Schema(
+    schema: 'UserRoleCollection',
+    properties: [
+        new OA\Property(
+            property: '_embedded',
+            properties: [
+                new OA\Property(
+                    property: 'roles',
+                    type: 'array',
+                    items: new OA\Items(
+                        ref: '#/components/schemas/UserRole',
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ],
+            type: 'object',
+        ),
+    ],
+    type: 'object',
+    allOf: [
+        new OA\Schema(ref: '#/components/schemas/Collection'),
+    ],
+)]
+```
+
+Using `ref: '#/components/schemas/UserRole',` in our code, we instruct `OpenAPI` to grab the existing schema `UserRole`
+(not the entity, but the schema) that we just described earlier. This way we do not need to repeat code by describing
+again the same object and any future modifications will happen in only one place.
+
+Then, when generating the documentation file, `OpenAPI` will transform it into the specified format (**json**/**yaml**).
+
+```php
+UserRoleCollection:
+  type: object
+  allOf:
+    -
+      $ref: '#/components/schemas/Collection'
+    -
+      properties:
+        _embedded:
+          properties:
+            roles:
+              type: array
+              items: { $ref: '#/components/schemas/UserRole' }
+          type: object
+      type: object
+```
+
+> Make sure that in `src/App/src/OpenAPI.php`, on the line with `#[OA\Server` the value of `url` is set to the of URL of
+> your instance of **Dotkernel API**.
+>
+> You can add multiple servers (for staging, production etc) by duplicating the existing one.
+
+For more info, see [this page](https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html#schema).
+
+### Common schemas
+
+We provided some schemas that are reusable across the entire project. They are defined in `src/App/src/OpenAPI.php`:
+
+- `#/components/schemas/Collection`: provides the default **HAL** structure to all the collections extending it
+- `#/components/schemas/ErrorMessage`: describes an operation that resulted in an error - may contain multiple messages
+- `#/components/schemas/InfoMessage`: describes an operation that completed successfully - may contain multiple messages

docs/book/v5/openapi/introduction.md

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+# OpenAPI documentation
+
+In order to provide an interactive documentation, Dotkernel API implemented
+[zircote/swagger-php](https://github.com/zircote/swagger-php).
+
+Using this library, developers are able to automatically generate documentation files that later can be used to provide
+a comprehensive overview of the available endpoints, all the details on the requests that it can receive and the
+responses these can return.

docs/book/v5/openapi/render-documentation.md

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+# Rendering the documentation file
+
+At this step, you only have a static documentation file. You will need an interface that can render it so that you will
+be able to interact with your Dotkernel API.
+
+In order to do this, we recommend using either of:
+
+- [swagger-api/swagger-ui](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui)
+- [Redocly/redoc](https://github.com/Redocly/redoc)
+
+## Using Swagger UI
+
+Navigate to the `public` directory of your instance of Dotkernel API and create an HTML (you can call it `swagger.html`,
+the name is up to you) and place the following HTML content in it:
+
+```html
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+    <meta name="description" content="Dotkernel API Documentation" />
+    <title>Dotkernel API Documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/swagger-ui.css" />
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="swagger-ui"></div>
+    <script src="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/swagger-ui-bundle.js" crossorigin></script>
+    <script>
+      window.onload = () => {
+        window.ui = SwaggerUIBundle({url: 'PATH_TO_YOUR_OPENAPI_FILE', dom_id: '#swagger-ui'});
+      };
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+Make sure that you replace `PATH_TO_YOUR_OPENAPI_FILE` with the relative path to your documentation file
+(openapi.json/openapi.yaml). The line should look similar to this:
+
+```js
+window.ui = SwaggerUIBundle({url: './openapi.yaml', dom_id: '#swagger-ui'});
+```
+
+Using your browser, open a new tab and type in the URL of your instance of Dotkernel API and append `/swagger.html` to
+it. You should see the Redoc interface with your documentation file loaded in it. From here, you can inspect each
+endpoint, see it's URL, check if it needs authentication, the request payload (if any) and the possible response(s).
+
+## Using Redoc
+
+Navigate to the `public` directory of your instance of Dotkernel API and create an HTML (you can call it `redoc.html`,
+the name is up to you) and place the following HTML content in it:
+
+```html
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+    <meta name="description" content="Dotkernel API Documentation" />
+    <title>Dotkernel API Documentation</title>
+    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/redoc@latest/bundles/redoc.standalone.js"></script>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="redoc-container"></div>
+    <script>
+      Redoc.init('PATH_TO_YOUR_OPENAPI_FILE', {}, document.getElementById('redoc-container'));
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+Make sure that you replace `PATH_TO_YOUR_OPENAPI_FILE` with the relative path to your documentation file
+(openapi.json/openapi.yaml). The line should look similar to this:
+
+```js
+Redoc.init('./openapi.yaml', {}, document.getElementById('redoc-container'));
+```
+
+Using your browser, open a new tab and type in the URL of your instance of Dotkernel API and append `/redoc.html` to it.
+You should see the Redoc interface with your documentation file loaded in it. From here, you can inspect each endpoint,
+see it's URL, check if it needs authentication, the request payload (if any) and the possible response(s).