Fix catching by value

[njzjz]

Fix:

• https://github.com/deepmodeling/deepmd-kit/security/code-scanning/1229
• https://github.com/deepmodeling/deepmd-kit/security/code-scanning/1230
• https://github.com/deepmodeling/deepmd-kit/security/code-scanning/1231
• https://github.com/deepmodeling/deepmd-kit/security/code-scanning/1232

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (a0f30f4) 75.82% compared to head (0b4680e) 75.82%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            devel    #3077   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   75.82%   75.82%           
=======================================
  Files         246      246           
  Lines       24992    24992           
  Branches     1597     1597           
=======================================
  Hits        18950    18950           
  Misses       5104     5104           
  Partials      938      938           

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