fix(ingest/glue): Add additional checks and logging when specifying catalog_id #35148

Job	Run time
event-file	1s
setup	11s
build (except_metadata_ingestion, UTC)	1m 17s
build (frontend, UTC)	1m 23s
quickstart-compose-validation	0s
build (frontend, America/New_York)	1m 7s
	3m 59s

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