Filling out template with PR 4246

docs/project/commit_access.md

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+# Commit access
+
+<!--
+Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+-->
+
+<!-- toc -->
+
+## Table of contents
+
+-   [Overview](#overview)
+-   [Getting access](#getting-access)
+-   [Removing access](#removing-access)
+
+<!-- tocstop -->
+
+## Overview
+
+Commit access is what allows developers to merge PRs into the main
+[carbon-lang repository](https://github.com/carbon-language/carbon-lang/). It
+also gives the ability to [review, approve, and merge changes](code_review.md).
+
+Developers with commit access are not required to do reviews. It is granted as a
+convenience in order to allow fixing PRs after approval, for example because the
+review noted a minor typo, or because there is a conflict that the PR author
+needs to resolve before merging.
+
+Developers with commit access are expected to make reasonable choices about when
+to review and approve PRs for others, and what changes to make to their own PRs
+without asking for another round of review.
+
+## Getting access
+
+Contributors can request commit access based on their commit history. We want to
+make sure that developers with commit access are reasonably familiar with the
+style and structure of the codebase. Access will typically be granted when
+developers have contributed several PRs and are expecting to continue making
+more.
+
+Typically someone who has been doing reviews for a contributor will nominate,
+and contributors are encouraged to ask a reviewer to nominate if needed.
+Nominations will be reviewed by at least one lead, and a lead's approval will
+lead to access.
+
+When approved, an invitation will be sent to join the
+[Commit access team](https://github.com/orgs/carbon-language/teams/commit-access)
+on GitHub. The invitation should cause a notification from GitHub, but it's also
+possible to go to the
+[invitation link](https://github.com/orgs/carbon-language/invitation) directly.
+Access is granted when the invitation is accepted.
+
+## Removing access
+
+We'll periodically remove commit access from contributors who have been idle for
+over 6 months. We'll use a combination of sources to determine what "idle"
+means, including whether a developer has been either sending or reviewing PRs.
+
+For example, for `jonmeow`, GitHub searches (defaulting to PRs for convenience,
+but other types are included):
+
+-   [repository:carbon-language/carbon-lang author:jonmeow](https://github.com/search?q=repository%3Acarbon-language%2Fcarbon-lang+author%3Ajonmeow&type=pullrequests)
+-   [repository:carbon-language/carbon-lang commenter:jonmeow](https://github.com/search?q=repository%3Acarbon-language%2Fcarbon-lang+commenter%3Ajonmeow&type=pullrequests)

proposals/p4246.md

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+# Getting commit access
+
+<!--
+Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+-->
+
+[Pull request](https://github.com/carbon-language/carbon-lang/pull/4246)
+
+<!-- toc -->
+
+## Table of contents
+
+-   [Abstract](#abstract)
+-   [Problem](#problem)
+-   [Background](#background)
+-   [Proposal](#proposal)
+-   [Rationale](#rationale)
+
+<!-- tocstop -->
+
+## Abstract
+
+Establish a process for getting commit access. We will:
+
+-   Grant access based on a developer's commit history.
+    -   Someone with commit access should nominate, and a contributor may ask.
+    -   A lead will approve nominations. Only one lead is needed.
+-   Remove commit access once someone is idle for 6 months.
+    -   "Idle" means no significant project activity on any of GitHub, Discord,
+        or in meetings.
+    -   Access removed due to being idle will be restored on request.
+
+## Problem
+
+Right now, we have an undocumented process for getting commit access, and no
+real agreement for when to remove it. Commit access is important, so rather than
+just making a documentation edit, I'm submitting this as a proposal.
+
+## Background
+
+When we say "commit access", what we mean is the ability to push commits to the
+main `carbon-lang` repository, regardless of branch. Some details about the
+implications:
+
+-   Review and approvals would remain required for pushes to `trunk`.
+    -   This does grant access to push to other branches, although we will
+        continue to encourage fork-based workflows.
+-   Pushing PRs becomes easier with commit access.
+    -   Action workflows will automatically execute, instead of requiring a
+        per-commit approval by someone with commit access.
+    -   Modifying PRs after review approval is possible.
+        -   This is both good (for small updates such as fixing typos and
+            resolving conflicts) and bad (particularly for code security).
+    -   Communication delays can make it hard for an author to resolve conflicts
+        and reviewer to approve and merge before more conflicts are introduced.
+        -   A possible solution to the conflict problem is to have the reviewer
+            merge PRs more frequently, and regardless of any decision here, we
+            may eventually need to adopt that approach.
+-   Commit access functionally means the ability to approve and merge PRs from
+    others.
+    -   As alternatives, we could use either a separate GitHub team for
+        approvals or
+        [CODEOWNERS](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-code-owners).
+        We have avoided these so far because we're small, having backup
+        approvers can be helpful, and mistakes are easy to undo.
+-   This does not include the ability to push to other repositories. While there
+    are a few in the `carbon-language` organization, only the `carbon-lang`
+    repository is actively used.
+-   People with commit access in effect have access to secrets, can make
+    releases, and so on.
+
+## Proposal
+
+See the new [Commit access](/docs/project/commit_access.md) document.
+
+## Rationale
+
+-   [Community and culture](/docs/project/goals.md#community-and-culture)
+    -   Establishing the processes around commit access, and making sure they're
+        reasonable, is important to maintaining the community.