chore(deps): update dependency protoc to v28 (#2572)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|
| [protoc](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf) | major
| `27.4` -> `28.0` |

---

> [!WARNING]
> Some dependencies could not be looked up. Check the Dependency
Dashboard for more information.

---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>protocolbuffers/protobuf (protoc)</summary>

###
[`v28.0`](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v28.0):
Protocol Buffers v28.0

### Announcements

- [Protobuf News](https://protobuf.dev/news/) may include additional
announcements or pre-announcements for upcoming changes.

### Compiler

- UPB text encoder without using reflection for Rust (used for a
message's Debug trait) that will print out field number to value entries
instead of field name to value entries of a message like how it's
expected for the usual text format using reflection.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f9dd9ce)
- Enable MessageLite::DebugString to use Message::DebugString where
possible.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f810cc5)
- Always report plugin support errors from protoc.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@986ef8d)
- Stop supporting EDITION_PROTO2 as an alias for EDITION_LEGACY.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@35b3425)
- Rename `DynamicCastToGenerated`/`DownCastToGenerated` to
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@18da465)
- Mark deleted fields in descriptor.proto reserved
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@44c409d)
- Protoc: support inf, -inf, nan, and -nan in option values
([#&#8203;15017](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/15017))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@3c03e93)

### C++

- Move -Werror to our test/dev bazelrc files.
([#&#8203;17938](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17938))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f5a1b17)
- Introduce FieldDescriptor::cpp_string_type() API to replace direct
ctype inspection which will be removed in the next breaking change
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@72b0b7a)
- Removed specific MSVC settings when installing
([#&#8203;17285](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17285))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@770090e)
- Omit the `_raw_default_instance_` declaration when using DLL linkage.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@79c55cb)
- Enable MessageLite::DebugString to use Message::DebugString where
possible.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f810cc5)
- Fix a bug in which proto code uses ctype instead of string_type
internally.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@dfbe987)
- Add an optimization that prevents an exponential number of comparisons
on deeply
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@594a71f)
- Replace FindHelper() with BucketNumber() when only the bucket number
is required.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8c7b1ec)
- Stop supporting EDITION_PROTO2 as an alias for EDITION_LEGACY.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@35b3425)
- Rename `DynamicCastToGenerated`/`DownCastToGenerated` to
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@18da465)
- Prohibit using features in the same file they're defined in.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@24b91a7)
- Implement new Debug API with redaction.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@bb68eb2)
- Use bool HasHasbits(const FieldDescriptor\*) instead of manual checks.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@448e326)
- Add `java` to reserved names to escape extensions to `java_`. This may
break existing references to gencode for extensions named `java`.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c99cf4b)
- Put arena cleanup nodes on a separate chunked list instead of at the
ends of arena blocks.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f70d90b)
- Fix validation checks of implicit presence.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@d6c2833)
- Clarify map behaviors in editions.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@0dbd99a)
- Protoc: support inf, -inf, nan, and -nan in option values
([#&#8203;15017](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/15017))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@3c03e93)

### Java

- Binary compatibility shims for GeneratedMessageV3,
SingleFieldBuilderV3, RepeatedFieldBuilderV3, and their nested classes
to restore binary compatibility with <=v3.x.x generated code built
against v3.x.x prior to v4.26.0 breaking release.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@6bf01c5)
- Remove unused pom.xml files.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@aaf5f79)
- Add overload for LazyStringArrayList.add(String): boolean
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@761d49a)
- Hoist SmallSortedMap.getNumArrayEntries() outside loops over array
entries
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@229c958)
- Omit the `_raw_default_instance_` declaration when using DLL linkage.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@79c55cb)
- Java: Deprecate newExtensionWriter.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@7122ba1)
- Immutable java: Use new lower-allocation extension serialization APIs
from gencode
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@4151486)
- Reserialize all unresolved features using java features from the
generated pool in case of descriptors from the custom pool.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@415a147)
- Fix delimited inheritance in all languages.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8beb970)
- Full java runtime: Avoid allocating ArrayList iterators when
serializing UnknownFieldSet
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@fac847c)
- Move back deprecation of java utf8 feature to 2024.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@bd7078d)
- Reparse unknown features using extension registry containing Java
features.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@68d9087)
- Remove field SmallSortedMap.maxArraySize
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@16e0a63)
- Delete unused method SmallSortedSet.getOverflowEntriesDescending
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c05be32)
- Avoid allocating FieldSet iterator if FieldSet is empty
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@3ba7280)
- Lazily resolve features for proto2 and proto3 for compatibility with
old open source gencode that does not invoke feature resolution from
gencode static init.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@11c27df)
- Implement new Debug API with redaction.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@bb68eb2)
- Replace SmallSortedMap.EmptySet with equivalent Collections.emptySet()
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c6e2778)
- Add `java` to reserved names to escape extensions to `java_`. This may
break existing references to gencode for extensions named `java`.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c99cf4b)
- Avoid allocating TreeMap in UnknownFieldSet.Builder.asMap
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@4b7c2d4)
- Avoid allocating iterator in TextFormat printing UnknownFieldSet
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8c6e5b7)
- Add `null` to the list of reserved words.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@510c143)
- Add UnknownFieldSet.isEmpty
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c56bddd)
- Java full runtime: Avoid allocating when calling asMap on empty
UnknownFieldSet
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@d0b016f)
- Return the default instance when parsing from an empty byte\[].
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f597991)
- Deprecate building from source with Maven to be removed in 4.28.x.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@4c8da99)
- Java full runtime: Avoid allocating iterator if UnknownFieldSet's
TreeMap is empty
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@4f12891)
- Proto java full runtime: avoid allocating Integers accessing enum
lists
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@cc79f77)
- Split bootstrapped java_features.proto to keep it from leaking out.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@2257232)
- Java Proto lite: avoid boxing Integers accessing enum lists
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@fb054c8)
- In the Kotlin DSL, reference builder methods with property syntax.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@e9c9970)
- Java Proto Lite: Serialize repeated enums without allocating
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@de6aba9)
- Avoid boxing when serializing primitive lists in
CodedOutputStreamWriter
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@eaee04d)

##### Kotlin

- Remove unused pom.xml files.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@aaf5f79)
- In the Kotlin DSL, reference builder methods with property syntax.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@e9c9970)

### Csharp

- Fix delimited inheritance in all languages.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8beb970)
- Handle groups in C# JsonParser
([#&#8203;16970](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/16970))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@092cc15)
- Introduce `MessageDescriptor.IsMapType` in C# reflection to make it
easier to tell whether a given message was generated by protoc for a map
field.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@047fc76)
- C#: Fix discovery of oneof declarations in descriptor protos.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@b50ff60)

### Objective-C

- \[ObjC] Issue stderr warnings for deprecated generation options.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@b276420)
- \[ObjC] Add api to add a field to another collection of unknown
fields.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@0790ab4)
- \[ObjC] Fix GPBUnknownField/GPBUnknownFields copy.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@b3b9888)
- \[ObjC] Raise an exception for a nil message.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@35bd2be)
- \[ObjC] Deprecate GPBUnknownFieldSet and related apis.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@9f6ee72)
- \[ObjC] More tests around unknown to known failure cases.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@e822dce)
- \[ObjC] Support errors when merging unknown fields to a message.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c46340e)
- \[ObjC] Add apis for removing things from `GPBUnknownFields`.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c5c9c89)
- \[ObjC] Collect unknown fields as data
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@a6b3535)
- \[ObjC] Internal helper for getting the unknown field data from a
message
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@bf2d4e7)
- \[ObjC] Update tests to use both unknown fields apis.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@0832b52)
- \[ObjC] Deprecate GPBTextFormatForUnknownFieldSet().
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@d1b6f8c)
- \[ObjC] Parsing helper and tests around unknown fields.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@9b16ee4)
- \[ObjC] Add test around enum unknown values.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@fad7b78)
- \[ObjC] Expose a helper for stream error.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@cf7abf6)
- \[ObjC] Support MessageSet with `GPBUnknownFields`.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@ddf9b76)
- \[ObjC] Update MessageSet Parsing.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@5fa8cd9)
- \[ObjC] Validate MessageSet expectations.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@3aa491c)
- \[ObjC] Improve parsing validations
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@ef4898f)
- \[ObjC] Add Swift helpers for `GPBUnknownFields`/`GPBUnknownField`.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@6750ed8)
- \[ObjC] Introduce the new `GPBUnknownFields` type.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@47f633e)
- Rename `DynamicCastToGenerated`/`DownCastToGenerated` to
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@18da465)

### Rust

- Move -Werror to our test/dev bazelrc files.
([#&#8203;17938](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17938))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f5a1b17)
- Add visibility for rust public aliases for
'@&#8203;protobuf//:protobuf_rust'
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@2cee142)
- UPB text encoder without using reflection for Rust (used for a
message's Debug trait) that will print out field number to value entries
instead of field name to value entries of a message like how it's
expected for the usual text format using reflection.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f9dd9ce)
- Enable MessageLite::DebugString to use Message::DebugString where
possible.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f810cc5)
-   *See also UPB changes below, which may affect Rust.*

### Python

- Raise warnings for deprecated python cpp extension GetDebugString().
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@5fc5558)
- Remove service.py usages in builder
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@902a68a)
- Raise warnings for deprecated google/protobuf/reflection.py APIs.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@38140ac)
- Nextgen Proto Pythonic API: Struct/ListValue assignment and creation
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@e17821c)
- Fix delimited inheritance in all languages.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8beb970)
- Make bytearray work (again)
([#&#8203;16691](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/16691))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@eb67a91)
- Nextgen Proto Pythonic API: Timestamp/Duration assignment, creation
and calculation
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@b690e72)
- Update rules_python to 0.28.0
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@e1bf1f0)
- Nextgen Proto Pythonic API: “Add-on” proto for length prefixed
serialize/parse
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@3a9f074)
- Rename `DynamicCastToGenerated`/`DownCastToGenerated` to
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@18da465)
- Fixed printing of nan floats/doubles in Python.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f651080)
- Nextgen Proto Pythonic API: “Add-on” proto for JSON serialize/parse
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@6c91de9)
- Nextgen Proto Pythonic API: “Add-on” proto for serialize/parse
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@495ba7b)
- Use struct instead of ctype. allows the protobuf python library to
work on cpython 3.11's new wasm target \[1]
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@9de810a)
- Nextgen Proto Pythonic API: Add 'in' operator
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@24f27c3)
- Automated rollback of commit
[`f799af8`](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/f799af8bf5c1ff24fa4b6aedfeaef99ef09dd16e).
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c4bf83b)
- Catch all the exceptions in python JSON ParseDict and raise
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@9cc5be1)

### PHP

- Chore(php): conformance testing for edition
([#&#8203;16712](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/16712))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@01744cc)

##### PHP C-Extension

- Fix segmentation faults with enabled
keep_descriptor_pool_after_request
([#&#8203;16993](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/16993))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@e844510)
-   *See also UPB changes below, which may affect PHP C-Extension.*

### Ruby

- \[Ruby] Warn if assigning a "UTF-8" string with invalid UTF-8.
([#&#8203;17253](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17253))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@fe9a53c)
- Remove `Arena_pin` in favor of adopting the UPB freezing API.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@1194440)
- Fix Ruby FFI to pass `MiniTable` to `upb_Message_New()` aka
`new_message_from_def()`.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@47f4bc9)

##### Ruby C-Extension

- Move -Werror to our test/dev bazelrc files.
([#&#8203;17938](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17938))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f5a1b17)
- \[Ruby] Warn if assigning a "UTF-8" string with invalid UTF-8.
([#&#8203;17253](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17253))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@fe9a53c)
- \[Ruby] Fix mismatched pointer type
([#&#8203;17240](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17240))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@0aa7449)
- Remove `Arena_pin` in favor of adopting the UPB freezing API.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@1194440)
-   *See also UPB changes below, which may affect Ruby C-Extension.*

### UPB (Python/PHP/Ruby C-Extension)

- Move -Werror to our test/dev bazelrc files.
([#&#8203;17938](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17938))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f5a1b17)
- UPB text encoder without using reflection for Rust (used for a
message's Debug trait) that will print out field number to value entries
instead of field name to value entries of a message like how it's
expected for the usual text format using reflection.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f9dd9ce)
- Fix delimited inheritance in all languages.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8beb970)
- Fixed printing of nan floats/doubles in Python.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f651080)

### Other

- Remove `--copt="-Werror"` from `.bazelrc`
([#&#8203;18005](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/18005))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@c9454f4)
- Remove protobuf rust from BCR presubmits for now.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@92552d3)
- Set -ex in test_java.yml
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@6a7e215)
- Refactor java maven GHA test to use our generated jars.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@671ef8b)
- Remove `/utf-8` flag added in
[#&#8203;14197](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/14197)
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@440dc83)
- Downgrade CMake to 3.29 to workaround Abseil issue.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@cd75dd5)
- Add minimal Python support to MODULE.bazel
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@2eb4d69)
- Fix(bazel/python): incompatible_enable_proto_toolchain_resolution
([#&#8203;17078](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/17078))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8434c12)
- Add Rust support to MODULE.bazel
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@f3c140f)
- Add rules_fuzzing dependency to MODULE.bazel.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@a450c9c)
- Reenable FFI tests on CRuby.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@e595749)
- Update comment for message_type
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@023e69d)
- Enable textproto conformance tests for "-0" and "-0F".
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@13caa08)
- Fix
[#&#8203;10007](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/10007):
Propagate msvc-style link flags to clang-cl with Bazel
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@55592a2)
- Add system_python to protobuf_deps.bzl.
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@8a11178)

</details>

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bin/protoc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-.protoc-27.4.pkg
+.protoc-28.0.pkg