bavc · ablwr · Jul 21, 2021 · Aug 8, 2020 · Aug 8, 2020 · Aug 8, 2020
diff --git a/404.md b/404.md
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ title: 404
 ---
 
 Oh no! This page isn't here anymore, or maybe it was never here!
+Esta página ya no existe o tal vez nunca existía.
 
-Were you looking for this?
-
+Were you looking for this? <br>
+¿Estaba buscando esto?
 <ul id="search-results"></ul>
 
 <script>

diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 source "https://rubygems.org"
-gem "jekyll", "3.6.3"
+gem "kramdown-parser-gfm"
+gem "jekyll", "3.9.1"
 gem "minima", "~> 2.0"
 group :jekyll_plugins do
    gem "jekyll-feed", "~> 0.6"

diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -4,30 +4,43 @@ GEM
     addressable (2.8.0)
       public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 5.0)
     colorator (1.1.0)
-    ffi (1.11.3)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.1.9)
+    em-websocket (0.5.2)
+      eventmachine (>= 0.12.9)
+      http_parser.rb (~> 0.6.0)
+    eventmachine (1.2.7)
+    ffi (1.15.3)
     forwardable-extended (2.6.0)
-    jekyll (3.6.3)
+    http_parser.rb (0.6.0)
+    i18n (0.9.5)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    jekyll (3.9.1)
       addressable (~> 2.4)
       colorator (~> 1.0)
+      em-websocket (~> 0.5)
+      i18n (~> 0.7)
       jekyll-sass-converter (~> 1.0)
-      jekyll-watch (~> 1.1)
-      kramdown (~> 1.14)
+      jekyll-watch (~> 2.0)
+      kramdown (>= 1.17, < 3)
       liquid (~> 4.0)
       mercenary (~> 0.3.3)
       pathutil (~> 0.9)
-      rouge (>= 1.7, < 3)
+      rouge (>= 1.7, < 4)
       safe_yaml (~> 1.0)
     jekyll-feed (0.11.0)
       jekyll (~> 3.3)
     jekyll-sass-converter (1.5.2)
       sass (~> 3.4)
     jekyll-seo-tag (2.6.1)
       jekyll (>= 3.3, < 5.0)
-    jekyll-watch (1.5.1)
+    jekyll-watch (2.2.1)
       listen (~> 3.0)
-    kramdown (1.17.0)
+    kramdown (2.3.1)
+      rexml
+    kramdown-parser-gfm (1.1.0)
+      kramdown (~> 2.0)
     liquid (4.0.3)
-    listen (3.2.1)
+    listen (3.6.0)
       rb-fsevent (~> 0.10, >= 0.10.3)
       rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.10)
     mercenary (0.3.6)
@@ -38,10 +51,11 @@ GEM
     pathutil (0.16.2)
       forwardable-extended (~> 2.6)
     public_suffix (4.0.6)
-    rb-fsevent (0.10.3)
-    rb-inotify (0.10.0)
+    rb-fsevent (0.11.0)
+    rb-inotify (0.10.1)
       ffi (~> 1.0)
-    rouge (2.2.1)
+    rexml (3.2.5)
+    rouge (3.26.0)
     safe_yaml (1.0.5)
     sass (3.7.4)
       sass-listen (~> 4.0.0)
@@ -53,9 +67,10 @@ PLATFORMS
   ruby
 
 DEPENDENCIES
-  jekyll (= 3.6.3)
+  jekyll (= 3.9.1)
   jekyll-feed (~> 0.6)
+  kramdown-parser-gfm
   minima (~> 2.0)
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-   2.0.2
+   2.2.21
diff --git a/_artifacts/ac_beat.md b/_artifacts/ac_beat.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Electrical Ground Loop Interference AC Beat
 namevar: [Video hum]
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Audio, Video, Electrical, Cable, Device Error, Common Artifacts]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 A ground loop is caused by the existence of more than one path to ground. If a signal is passed from one electronic component to another via an unbalanced connection, the difference in the ground potential causes an errant current to flow through the cables. This current flow can create a distortion in the video or audio signal. One type of ground loop interference, AC Beat, is exhibited as a bar of milky luminance that rolls from the bottom to the top of the screen. Ground loop is audible as a 60 Hz hum in the audio signal.

diff --git a/_artifacts/analog_distortion.md b/_artifacts/analog_distortion.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Analog Distortion
 categories: audio analog
 namevar: [Overload distortion, Harmonic distortion, Transient distortion, Nonlinear distortion, Intermodulation distortion]
 tags: [Analog, Audio, Operator Error, Levels Too Hot, Noise, Clipping]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 In audio, distortion is heard as an unwanted signal change. This is somewhat of a catchall term for such artifacts as [Wow and Flutter]({{ site.baseurl }}/artifacts/wow_and_flutter.html) that are, by definition, a distortion of the original signal.<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup> Analog distortion is an artifact recorded into an analog carrier or introduced in an analog signal chain, while Digital Distortion occurs during digitization and post A/D conversion.

diff --git a/_artifacts/analog_noise.md b/_artifacts/analog_noise.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Analog Noise
 categories: audio analog
 tags: [Analog, Audio, Noise, Magnetic Tape, Cassette, Common Artifacts]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Noise can be defined as any unwanted sound that is not related to the wanted sound. If it is related, it is called [Analog Distortion]({{ site.baseurl }}/artifacts/analog_distortion.html). Noise is defined as a wideband addition to a signal by any electronic or mechanical component.<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup> There are many things that add noise to a signal, and there is no such thing as a noise free signal. In addition to noise introduced by the analog deck, the size of the tape’s own magnetic particles can cause what is called “tape hiss.”

diff --git a/_artifacts/analogue_slip.md b/_artifacts/analogue_slip.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Analogue Slipping
 categories: film analog
 tags: [Analog, Film]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 The «original» film strip has slipped in the gate at a cement splice during the photochemical printing.

diff --git a/_artifacts/audio_dropout.md b/_artifacts/audio_dropout.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Audio Dropout
 categories: audio analog digital
 tags: [Analog, Digital, Audio, Magnetic Tape, Cleaning]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Audio dropout is a brief reduction or loss of signal that occurs during playback, and it can be found in both analog and digital audio tape sources. Read about digital dropout [here]({{ site.baseurl }}/artifacts/digital_audio_dropout.html). Dropout is the result of a defect in the carrier or playback mechanism. Analog audio dropout is caused by anything that diminishes the uniformity of the magnetic media, such as dust, tape damage, or a defect in the tape stock.

diff --git a/_artifacts/audio_overwrite.md b/_artifacts/audio_overwrite.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Audio Overwrite
 categories: audio analog digital
 tags: [Audio, Analog, Digital]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Overwrite refers to the interruption of one program recording with another, or the partial erasure of an old program when a new program is recorded. In instances of the former, it is unlike an edit in that it is not performed for creative effect, it is generally disruptive to the program in progress, and it is usually but not exclusively accidental. Overwrite can happen when tape stock is intentionally or unintentionally reused. Depending on how the overwrite is performed, it can be obvious or hidden. Overwriting footage using insert editing functions on professional VTRs or non-linear editors in a studio environment can produce an invisible overwrite, where as an overwrite that is simply crash-recorded without any kind of preparation may produce a temporary loss of sync in the image, and/or other distortions. Cassettes have record safety tabs that help reduce accidental overwrite in production environments. In preservation facilities, the "record inhibit" function, if available, should always be engaged on playback decks to avoid accidents.

diff --git a/_artifacts/audio_phase_error.md b/_artifacts/audio_phase_error.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Audio Phase Error
 categories: audio analog
 tags: [Analog, Audio, Phase, Mono, Stereo]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Problems with phase in audio result in many different symptoms.  Its control is a high-level topic at the heart of audio engineering.

diff --git a/_artifacts/audio_scrape_flutter → _artifacts/audio_scrape_flutter.md b/_artifacts/audio_scrape_flutter → _artifacts/audio_scrape_flutter.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Audio Scrape Flutter
 categories: audio analog
 tags: [Analog, Audio, flutter, sticky, deterioration, lubrication]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 ## Background

diff --git a/_artifacts/bad_audio_splice.md b/_artifacts/bad_audio_splice.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Bad Audio Splice
 categories: audio analog
 tags: [Analog, Audio, Magnetic Tape, Cleaning]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Magnetic tape can be cut and pasted back together with "splicing tape," a thin piece of adhesive tape, specifically designed for splicing. When a splice is done carefully, it can be inaudible. However, even a good splice done using proper tape can break down over time. When the glue in the adhesive tape breaks down, the splice can fall off during playback or cause adjacent layers of tape to stick, often causing a brief [Wow and Flutter]({{ site.baseurl }}/artifacts/wow_and_flutter.html) artifact.

diff --git a/_artifacts/bearding.md b/_artifacts/bearding.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Bearding
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Video, Tape Error]
 formats: [VHS, 1/2" Open Reel]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 The term “bearding” describes horizontal black lines or “spikes” that appear to the right of a video image's brightest areas.

diff --git a/_artifacts/black_frames.md b/_artifacts/black_frames.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Black Frames
 categories: film analog
 tags: [Analog, Film]
 formats: [Film]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 This refers to black frames that have been generated during the digitisation process, not black frames that are present in the physical filmstrip (for example, black frames cut into a film negative in place of a bad tear, a technique used to maintain sync between image and sound negatives).

diff --git a/_artifacts/block_noise.md b/_artifacts/block_noise.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Block Noise
 categories: digital video
 tags: [Digital, Video, Noise]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 In footage with very fast motion, block noise can occur when the difference between two fields creates deficiencies in encoding. If there is too much difference between two adjacent fields during recording, they are compressed independently and some detail in the image is lost due to the reallocation of available bits.

diff --git a/_artifacts/carrier_leak.md b/_artifacts/carrier_leak.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Carrier Leak
 namevar: [Faulty carrier balance, Asymmetric carrier, Residual carrier]
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Video, Device Error]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Carrier leak refers to a problem in black and white video that originates from a video playback device. The term is sometimes seen in the context of machine maintenance and calibration due to the origin of the artifact.  Carrier leak can be recorded into a second-generation video copy, where it becomes part of the video signal. In recording black and white video, the FM process is used to modulate the video signal (~3 Mhz for black and white) for storage on video tape. During the process of playback, the [frequency modulated signal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation) is read by the pair of [video heads](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_head), amplified and demodulated by electronics in the playback machine. If the processing isn’t accurate so that there is an imbalance in the amplification between the signal read from the two playback heads, a textured and banded pattern is superimposed over the video image. This distortion is the result of the modulated carrier leaking into the demodulated video signal that is displayed on the monitor during playback.

diff --git a/_artifacts/chrominance_noise.md b/_artifacts/chrominance_noise.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Chrominance Noise
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Video, Chrominance, Noise, Common Artifacts]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Chrominance noise can be identified as traces and specks of color in an otherwise clear picture. It is most visible in dark, saturated areas of the video image. It can be due to limitations of [CCD](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-coupled_device) sensitivity in video cameras (i.e., low-lighting conditions during camera recording), over-boosting of chrominance in the video signal, or the use of poor video processors. Multi-generation composite dubs may suffer from high levels of chrominance noise.

diff --git a/_artifacts/clicks_and_pops.md b/_artifacts/clicks_and_pops.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Click and Pops
 categories: audio analog
 tags: [Analog, Audio, Disc Playback, Cleaning, Common Artifacts]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Clicks and pops commonly manifest on disc-based media as a result of damage to the disc or contaminants contacting the stylus during playback. However, they can also show up in magnetic tape recordings that encountered static electricity buildup during tape duplication. They can originate from the source media (analog clicks) or be introduced by the digitization hardware chain (digital clicks). For digital clicks and pops, please see our page on [Interstitial Error]({{ site.baseurl }}/artifacts/interstitial_error.html).

diff --git a/_artifacts/colour_shift.md b/_artifacts/colour_shift.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ categories: film analog
 namevar: [Dye fade, Magenta]
 tags: [Analog, Film, Color]
 formats: [Film]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 [Definition to go here!]

diff --git a/_artifacts/crash_record.md b/_artifacts/crash_record.md
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namevar: [Crash edit, Color smearing after an editing cut]
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Video, Production Error, Color smearing, Editing cut]
 formats: [DV]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 The _Compendium of Image Errors in Analogue Video_ describes this as “Color Smearing After an Editing Cut.”<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup>

diff --git a/_artifacts/crizzling.md b/_artifacts/crizzling.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ categories: film analog
 namevar: [Crazing]
 tags: [Analog, Film]
 formats: [Film]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Crizzling is caused by an inherent fault in the chemical composition of the original film material.

diff --git a/_artifacts/cross_talk_between_spiral_grooves.md b/_artifacts/cross_talk_between_spiral_grooves.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Cross-talk Between Spiral Grooves
 categories: audio analog
 tags: [Audio, Disc Playback, Pre-echo, Analog]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Cross-talk between spiral grooves<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup> is a condition when a groove on a disc is modulated by its neighboring groove. Pre-echo<sup><a href="#fn2" id="ref2">2</a></sup> is a condition when a groove on a disc is modulated by its subsequently played groove<sup><a href="#fn3" id="ref3">3</a></sup> and post-echo<sup><a href="#fn4" id="ref4">4</a></sup> is when it is modulated by it's preceding groove.

diff --git a/_artifacts/crushed_setup.md b/_artifacts/crushed_setup.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Crushed Setup
 namevar: [Low black level]
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Video, Black Levels, Operator Error, Common Artifacts]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 The bottom end of the video signal is important because shadow detail is lost when pedestal and mid-range [black levels](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_level black ) are pushed down. Just as overly bright video can cause a loss of video information, analog video that falls below 7.5 [IRE](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRE_(unit)) and clips at 0 IRE during reformatting will result in dark video and loss of image. This issue is particularly frustrating when it is found in digitized video because it is not likely that post-digitization adjustment can bring back the lost detail. The video must be reformatted again to capture the entire range of values.

diff --git a/_artifacts/digital_audio_dropout.md b/_artifacts/digital_audio_dropout.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Digital Audio Dropout
 categories: analog audio digital
 tags: [Audio, Digital, Dropout, Magnetic Tape, Playback Adjustment]
 formats: [DAT]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Audio dropout is a brief reduction or loss of signal that occurs during playback, and it can be found in both analog and digital audio tape sources. Read about analog audio dropout here: [Audio Dropout]({{ site.baseurl }}/artifacts/audio_dropout.html). Dropout is the result of a defect in the carrier or playback mechanism.

diff --git a/_artifacts/digital_clipping.md b/_artifacts/digital_clipping.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Digital Clipping
 namevar: [Digital distortion]
 categories: analog audio digital
 tags: [Digital, Audio, Noise, Overs, Common Artifacts]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 When a digital signal exceeds 0 dBFS, which is the highest voltage level that an A/D converter can convert, samples are lost.<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup> Unlike analog distortion, where hot levels can produce a saturation effect, digital clipping is very unforgiving. Severe overs can produce what sounds like noise. However, any over in a digital system constitutes distortion, whether or not it is audible.<sup><a href="#fn2" id="ref2">2</a></sup> Even subtle overs can be seen by zooming in to an audio waveform and viewing the peaks. If the peaks appear chopped off or truncated at the top of the wave, clipping has occurred.

diff --git a/_artifacts/dihedral_maladjustment.md b/_artifacts/dihedral_maladjustment.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: post
 title: Dihedral Maladjustment
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Video, Device Error, Tape Error]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Dihedral Maladjustment refers to a condition resulting from a miscalibration of the playback heads. It is similar to skew in that it is a timing error resulting in a “bending” of the video image, however, skew is displayed as a uniform bending in one direction (left or right), and dihedral maladjustment displays as a fanning or V-shaped distortion, generally at the top of the image. Proper calibration of video heads requires that they are positioned 180 degrees apart, resulting in a full helical scan of the tape from rotation to rotation. The head switch controls which head is active with each scan of the tape. If the heads are slightly out of 180 degree phase, recorded video fields will be read too early or too late, resulting in a distortion of the image. The v-shaped skewing occurs because of the toggled field mispositioning, with lines read too late positioned to the right, and lines read too early positioned to the left.<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup>

diff --git a/_artifacts/dirt.md b/_artifacts/dirt.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Dirt
 categories: film analog
 tags: [Analog, Film]
 formats: [Film]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Dirt (or dust) on film produces erratic specks visible on the resulting scanned image.

diff --git a/_artifacts/dirty_head_drum.md b/_artifacts/dirty_head_drum.md
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ categories: video analog
 namevar: [Occlusion]
 tags: [Analog, Video, Head Clog, Dirt, U-matic]
 formats: [U-matic]
+lang: English
 ---
 Dirty or deteriorating video tape can leave foreign material on the tape path around the head drum. The building up foreign materials will distort the tape, causing poor head-to-tape contact and in turn causing visible errors in the video signal. The example included here comes from a U-matic tape, and appears as a grainy and discolored line across the frame. This error may look different across different tape formats. 
 

diff --git a/_artifacts/dot_crawl.md b/_artifacts/dot_crawl.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Dot Crawl
 namevar: [Chroma crawl]
 categories: video analog
 tags: [Analog, Video, Dot Crawl]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 A composite video artifact, dot crawl occurs as a result of the multiplexing of luminance and chrominance information carried in the signal. Baseband [NTSC](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC) signals carry these components as different frequencies, but when they are displayed together, the chroma information can be misinterpreted as luma. The result is the appearance of a moving line of beady dots. It is most apparent on horizontal borders between objects with high levels of saturation. Using a comb filter to process the video can reduce the distraction caused by dot crawl when migrating composite video sources, and the artifact may be eliminated through the use of s-video or component connections. However, if it is present in an original source transfer, it might be compounded in subsequent generations of composite video transfers.

diff --git a/_artifacts/duplicated_frames.md b/_artifacts/duplicated_frames.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Duplicated Frames
 categories: film analog
 tags: [Analog, Film]
 formats: [Film]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 Duplicated frames may occur when the triggering of the camera is not correctly timed.

diff --git a/_artifacts/dv_dropout.md b/_artifacts/dv_dropout.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: DV Dropout
 categories: video digital
 tags: [Digital, Video, DV, Dropout, Cleaning]
 formats: [DV]
-published: true
+lang: English
 
 ---
 

diff --git a/_artifacts/dv_quilting.md b/_artifacts/dv_quilting.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: DV Quilting
 categories: video digital
 tags: [Digital, Video, Quilting, Discrete Cosine Transform, Error, DV]
 formats: [DV]
-published: true
+lang: English
 ---
 
 In DV footage with strong horizontal and diagonal imagery, an artifact similar to stair steps can appear due to “discontinuities between adjacent DCT blocks.”<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup> This artifact is inherent to DCT compressors, which include JPEG and MPEG codecs. DCT compressors process images in 8 x 8 blocks, which do not reproduce smoothly transformed diagonal lines. Enhancing the aperture control on a high-resolution monitor can intensify this artifact, especially in footage with slow camera movement. Video recordings with objects arranged on an approximately 20 degree diagonal plane seem to be particularly affected by this phenomenon.

diff --git a/_artifacts/dv_record_head_clog.md b/_artifacts/dv_record_head_clog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: DV Record Head Clog
 categories: video digital
 tags: [DV, Dropout, Head Clog]
 formats: [DV]
+lang: English
 ---
 
 This artifact may be the result of a clogged record head when taping over a recycled piece of tape. Even a small piece of debris might reduce head-to-tape contact during recording, causing signal dropout (if using virgin stock) or an artifact like the one shown here. If there is a previous program recorded, it will remain on the section of tape that passed through the transport during the occurrence of the head clog.