Upgrade minimum Rust version to 1.83 #638

Job	Run time
sdist	9m 27s
macos-x86_64	9m 11s
linux (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)	7m 56s
macos-aarch64	12m 40s
linux-s390x (s390x-unknown-linux-gnu, s390x)	16m 23s
linux (i686-unknown-linux-gnu)	11m 37s
windows (x86_64-pc-windows-msvc, x64)	14m 40s
windows (i686-pc-windows-msvc, x86)	14m 52s
linux-arm (aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, aarch64, -e JEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_LG_PAGE=16)	11m 52s
linux-powerpc (powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu, ppc64le, -e JEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_LG_PAGE=16)	11m 26s
linux-arm (armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf, armv7)	10m 46s
linux-powerpc (powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu, ppc64, -e JEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_LG_PAGE=16)	10m 44s
linux-arm (arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf, arm)	10m 37s
musllinux (x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	10m 34s
musllinux (i686-unknown-linux-musl)	10m 30s
musllinux-cross (aarch64-unknown-linux-musl, aarch64, -e JEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_LG_PAGE=16)	11m 33s
musllinux-cross (armv7-unknown-linux-musleabihf, armv7)	11m 49s
	3h 16m 37s

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