This tutorial assumes that you know the basics of ReactJS, how webpack (a module bundler) works, and what hot reloading is. We will be using Yarn to manage our packages but feel free to use this cheatsheet if you prefer the good ol' npm.
We will be using the latest versions of all the packages necessary to get up and running with ReactJS with hot module replacement (hmr) enabled in the most simplest way possible. Note that there are different ways to configure webpack's in-built HMR coupled with react hot loader (we will see what this is shortly) but our focus here is to avoid complexity and tight version dependencies and to simply have a bare minimum boilerplate required to start building a client-side Reactjs application with HMR enabled to save our development time.
The exact versions as of this writing for the above libraries are-
- react - 15.6.1
- webpack - 3.6.0
- react hot loader - 3.0.0 beta
If you do not have Yarn installed then run the following command on your Mac. This will also install node if not already installed. Assuming you have HomeBrew installed, run:
brew install yarnLet's start by creating a directory to add all our code in.
mkdir react-hmr-boilerplate && cd react-hmr-boilerplateInitialize the repository and fill in the details as required in the interactive session that follows.
yarn initThis would have now created a package.json file in your current folder react-hmr-boilerplate.
Let's add webpack and webpack-dev-server.
yarn add --dev webpack webpack-dev-serverLet's also add Babel plugins while we are at it which are needed to transpile code written in jsx syntax that we will be adding in later.
yarn add --dev babel-core babel-loader babel-preset-es2015 babel-preset-reactAnd finally add React by running the following command:
yarn add react react-domWe'd also need HTML Webpack plugin to simplify the creation of HTML files to serve the webpack bundles.
yarn add --dev html-webpack-pluginAnd finally, let's add css-loader and style-loader webpack plugins for the minor css we will be adding along the way to simplify testing HMR.
yarn add --dev css-loader style-loaderPhew... let's get to the fun part of configuring webpack now.
Webpack is fed via a configuration object. It is a common practice to keep the configuration for development and production in separate files. Since we are concerned with setting up only the local development environment in this tutorial, let's go ahead and create a file name webpack.config.js.
touch webpack.config.jsUpdate its contents with an empty webpack config object.
module.exports = {
}Let's create src directory and then index.html within it. Update it's contents with the following html.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Simply React HMR Setup</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
</body>
</html>And finally let's add index.js in src folder alongside index.html which acts as the entry point to our app. Add the following to index.js.
import React from 'react';
import ReactDom from 'react-dom';
import App from './app/App.jsx';
const render = Component => {
ReactDom.render(
<Component />,
document.getElementById('root')
);
}
render(App);Note that we import App from App.jsx. Go ahead and create a folder named app within src and then App.jsx inside app folder. Copy the contents for App.jsx and app.css from this repository.
Make sure your directory structure within the root of the project looks like the one shown below. If it doesn't match then go over the contents of this repository again and add the missing parts.
-- src
-- app
App.jsx
app.css
index.html
index.js
.babelrc
package.json
webpack.config.js
First, let's modify webpack.config.js to use the plugins we have installed. Open webpack.config.js and add the following.
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPluginConfig = new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
template: './src/index.html',
filename: 'index.html',
inject: 'body'
})Here template needs to point to the index.html of your project. In this repository, it is in the src directory. Also, add a plugins key to the webpack config object with an array as it's value containing the HTML webpack plugin as shown below.
plugins: [HtmlWebpackPluginConfig]Now, we have to update the entry section. There are several ways to add paths to the entry section which basically tells webpack the first point to start looking at our app from. There can be multiple entry points. But for simplicity, let's say we have only one entry point and it is the file ./src/index.js.
entry: {
app: './src/index.js',
}Every webpack config object needs have at least an entry section and an output section. Output is where you tell the webapck where to place the bundle created, optionally giving it a name as well. In webpack.config.js,
const path = require('path');Add the output entry to webpack config object.
output: {
filename: '[name].bundle.js',
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
}Here 'name' resolves to 'app' and the bundle created is stored in dist folder within the root project directory.
Let's add rules telling webpack which files to use the loaders on.
We need babel-loader to transpile our jsx and js files and style-loader and css-loader to work on our css files. Syntax of adding rules to webpack has changed from webpack v1 to v3. Rules are now added as shown below.
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.jsx?$/,
exclude: [/node_modules/],
use: ['babel-loader']
},
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
'style-loader',
{
loader: 'css-loader',
options: { modules: true },
}
],
},
],
}Create a new file .babelrc in the root folder of the project and update it's content.
{
"presets": [
["es2015", { "modules": false }],
"react"
]
}We are pretty much done configuring webpack except for the main part where we have to enable the built-in HMR support. There are, again, several ways of enabling this but the most simplest one is to use inline flag when starting up webpack. Go ahead and add scripts section to package.json
"scripts": {
"start": "webpack-dev-server --hot",
"build": "webpack"
}To start up the dev server, just run:
yarn startThe inline --hot flag tells webpack to replace updated modules without restarting the server.
Add devServer entry into the webpack object in webpack.config.js.
devServer: {
contentBase: './src/',
hot: true
}contentBase should to point to the directory containing index.html. In this repository, it is inside src and hence the path above.
React Hot Loader is a plugin that allows React components to be live reloaded without the loss of state. We will be using it here to along with Webpack but it works with other bundlers that supports HMR as well. It was created by the one and only, Dan Abramov.
Let's first add React Hot Loader to our project.
yarn add --dev react-hot-loader@nextThis will add React Hot Loader v3 beta version (as of this writing).
Configuring it is very simple. Since we are using Babel,let's update .babelrc to the the following.
{
"presets": [
["es2015", { "modules": false }],
"react"
],
"plugins": [ "react-hot-loader/babel" ]
}Now, add the following import to the top of index.jsx since that where the root of our app is present.
import 'react-hot-loader/patch';React hot loader provides a component called AppContainer which needs to be wrapped outside the root component to enable hot reloading and we also need to tell it that whenever our root component or any of its child components get updated, then re-render the whole app. This is done by adding a snippet at the end of entry file, index.js in our case. Update the content of index.js to the following.
import 'react-hot-loader/patch';
import React from 'react';
import ReactDom from 'react-dom';
import { AppContainer } from 'react-hot-loader';
import App from './app/App.jsx';
const render = Component => {
ReactDom.render(
<AppContainer>
<Component />
</AppContainer>,
document.getElementById('root')
);
}
render(App);
if (module.hot) {
module.hot.accept('./app/App.jsx', () => { render(App) });
}That's it! We are done with all the configuration. Let's test it now!
From the root directory of the project, run:
yarn startThis will start the server on http://localhost:8080/ . Open the browser and test HMR by adding some text into the textbox and then changing the background color or heading or whatever you'd like in App.jsx. You'll notice that webpack replaced the updated module without restarting the server and react hot loader helped mantain the App component's state by keep the text that was entered in the textbox as it is and updating the app without really refreshing the browser! Voila!
If you have a different setup and are looking for different types of configuring webpack then check out this nice tutorial on getting started with React Hot Loader by Dan.
This was a minimal boilerplate to start developing a simple client-side ReactJS application with HMR support.
This tutorial will be updated with steps on getting up and running with React Router in the most simplest way.