Add the `SqliteDosStorage` storage backend #3921

Job	Run time
install-with-conda (3.9, true)	1m 6s
install-with-conda (3.10, true)	1m 6s
install-with-conda (3.11, true)	1m 19s
install-with-pip	28s
install-with-conda (3.12, true)	1m 9s
install-with-pip ([atomic_tools,docs,notebook,rest,tests,tui])	1m 29s
validate-dependency-specification	9s
install-with-conda (false)	1m 7s
resolve-pip-dependencies (3.9)	1m 24s
resolve-pip-dependencies (3.10)	1m 26s
create-conda-environment	2m 43s
resolve-pip-dependencies (3.11)	1m 26s
resolve-pip-dependencies (3.12)	2m 37s
tests (3.9)	19m 8s
tests (3.10)	19m 27s
tests (3.11)	18m 31s
tests (3.12)	26m 9s
check-requirements	12s
	1h 40m 56s

Provide feedback