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Add aria-describedby if image has no alt but has caption #43059

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@carolinan carolinan commented Aug 8, 2022

What?

If an image block has no alt text but has a caption, use the caption to describe the image.
If the image is linked but has no alt text, use the caption to describe the link.

Fixes #42057

Why?

To add context to the image and link when alt text is missing.

How?

Uses the image id to create an id that is added the caption. This could be improved since it is not truly unique.
The id is then used with the aria-describedby that is placed on the href and the image.

Alternatives:

  • Add the caption to the alt attribute when the alt is missing-
  • Use aria-labeledby to create an accessible name. However, the described by is more suitable for longer texts, and we don't know how much content is in the caption.

Testing Instructions

  1. Add an image block that does not have an alt text.
  2. Add a caption to it and duplicate the block.
  3. Please test both linked and unlink images.

View the source to confirm that:

  • An id is added to the figcaption.
  • The image and the link has an aria-describedby attribute that uses the id.
    Also view the front and confirm that the attributes are correct.

Please test the linked image with a screen reader and confirm that the caption is announced when you navigate to the link.

On one block, add an alt text and confirm that the ID and aria-describedby attributes are not present.
On the second block, (which does not have an alt text) remove the caption and confirm that the ID and aria-describedby attributes are not present.

Screenshots or screencast

@carolinan carolinan added the [Block] Image Affects the Image Block label Aug 8, 2022
@carolinan carolinan requested a review from joedolson August 8, 2022 11:16
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github-actions bot commented Aug 8, 2022

Size Change: +264 B (0%)

Total Size: 1.41 MB

Filename Size Change
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@skorasaurus skorasaurus added the [Focus] Accessibility (a11y) Changes that impact accessibility and need corresponding review (e.g. markup changes). label Aug 8, 2022
@carolinan
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I am not able to update the snapshots, I keep getting this error:

node:internal/process/promises:288
            triggerUncaughtException(err, true /* fromPromise */);
            ^
FetchError {
  message: 'request to http://localhost:8889/ failed, reason: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:8889',
  type: 'system',
  errno: 'ECONNREFUSED',
  code: 'ECONNREFUSED'
}

I am using wp-env.

@alexstine alexstine self-requested a review August 27, 2022 17:37
@alexstine
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@carolinan Cannot say when, but I will try to jump in and help with this soon.

@carolinan carolinan marked this pull request as ready for review September 1, 2022 04:25
@carolinan carolinan requested a review from ajitbohra as a code owner September 1, 2022 04:25
@alexstine
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@carolinan The code looks good to me. Can you tell me from logs which snapshots need to be updated and I can update those? Parsing some of the output from these failing tests can be tricky. 😞

@carolinan
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The native tests are failing.
Snapshot name: Gallery block sets caption to gallery items 1
file: packages/block-library/src/gallery/test/__snapshots__/index.native.js.snap

@alexstine alexstine requested a review from geriux as a code owner September 6, 2022 15:16
@alexstine
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@carolinan I refreshed the snapshot but tests still failing. Maybe further adjustments needed? If not, maybe test is flaky and just needs running a little more? This branch was super far behind trunk, that could have been part of the problem. It would not update for me at first either.

@carolinan
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@dcalhoun Hi, I am struggling with making the HTML attribute changes in this pull request pass the native E2E tests. I think I am only making it worse with each PR 😬 . Who is the best person to reach out to for help?

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@dcalhoun Hi, I am struggling with making the HTML attribute changes in this pull request pass the native E2E tests. I think I am only making it worse with each PR 😬 . Who is the best person to reach out to for help?

Hey @carolinan. 👋🏻 Thanks for taking the time to address the failures and reaching out.

The CI logs showcase the e2e testing device timing out. From debugging this locally, it appears the sheer number of block validation errors and subsequent transforms caused the device to become unresponsive. Obviously, such device freeze should not happen regardless the number of validation errors, but that is an issue outside the scope of this PR. 😄

To address the issue for this PR, we should update the packages/react-native-editor/src/initial-html.js file so that the fixture data matches the updated block structure. This will prevent block validation errors from occurring.

Patch Updating the native Demo editor fixtures
diff --git a/packages/react-native-editor/src/initial-html.js b/packages/react-native-editor/src/initial-html.js
index ddea8594b7..151ad50461 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-editor/src/initial-html.js
+++ b/packages/react-native-editor/src/initial-html.js
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ else:
 <figure class="wp-block-image"><img alt=""/></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
-<!-- wp:image -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://cldup.com/cXyG__fTLN.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mountain</figcaption></figure>
+<!-- wp:image {"id":1,"sizeSlug":"large"} -->
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img class="wp-image-1" src="https://cldup.com/cXyG__fTLN.jpg" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-1"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-1">Mountain</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:video {"id":683} -->
@@ -81,67 +81,67 @@ else:
 
 <!-- wp:gallery {"columns":8,"linkTo":"none","className":"alignfull"} -->
 <figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-8 is-cropped alignfull"><!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Paragraph</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Paragraph</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Heading.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Heading</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Heading.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Heading</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Subheading.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Subheading</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Subheading.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Subheading</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Quote.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Quote</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Quote.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Quote</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Image.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Image</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Image.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Image</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Gallery.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gallery</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Gallery.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Gallery</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Cover-Image.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cover Image</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Cover-Image.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Cover Image</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Video.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Video</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Video.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Video</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Audio.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Audio</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Audio.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Audio</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Column.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Columns</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Column.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Columns</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-File.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">File</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-File.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">File</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Code.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Code</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Code.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Code</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-List.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">List</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-List.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">List</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Button.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Button</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Button.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Button</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Embeds.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Embeds</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-Embeds.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">Embeds</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image -->
 
 <!-- wp:image {"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none"} -->
-<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-More.png" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">More</figcaption></figure>
+<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://wordpress.org/gutenberg/files/2018/07/Block-Icon-More.png" alt="" aria-describedby="wp-image-caption-undefined"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption" id="wp-image-caption-undefined">More</figcaption></figure>
 <!-- /wp:image --></figure>
 <!-- /wp:gallery -->
 

Also, I left one comment regarding contexts where id would not be defined for Image blocks. If we modify the way we manage that context, we would need to update the native Demo editor fixtures to match the modification.

Hope this helps!

packages/block-library/src/image/save.js Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
@carolinan
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carolinan commented Mar 6, 2023

Deprecated.js

  • The supports are added as they were before the deprecation.
  • The attributes are added as they were before the deprecation.
  • The save function is added as it was before the deprecation.

Migration: Not used.

Fixtures

  • Updated: core__image__center-caption
  • New: core__image__deprecated-center-caption-6, core__image__with-alt-text

Snapshots

  • Updated and uses the new format without escaping

@carolinan carolinan marked this pull request as ready for review March 6, 2023 05:04
@carolinan carolinan added the [Type] Enhancement A suggestion for improvement. label Mar 14, 2023
@carolinan carolinan requested a review from aaronrobertshaw May 24, 2023 09:52
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Thanks for continuing on this PR @carolinan 👍

It looks like it is pretty close, just a couple of minor things to fix up.

  • The supports definition in the new deprecation doesn't match the supports on trunk
  • There's a conflict in the index.php after the recent Image updates to support the interactivity API and lightbox behaviour.

✅ Deprecation's attributes, and save function, match trunk
✅ Fixtures look good and fixture tests pass
✅ Old image blocks with caption but no alt migrate correctly in the editor
✅ Deprecated image blocks still render correctly on the frontend
✅ New image blocks behave as expected

Comment on lines 178 to 197
supports: {
anchor: true,
color: {
__experimentalDuotone: 'img, .components-placeholder',
text: false,
background: false,
},
__experimentalBorder: {
color: true,
radius: true,
width: true,
__experimentalSelector: 'img, .wp-block-image__crop-area',
__experimentalSkipSerialization: true,
__experimentalDefaultControls: {
color: true,
radius: true,
width: true,
},
},
},
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These supports don't match those currently in the Image block.json on trunk.

The __experimentalSelector I don't think is critical but the duotone support was stabilized under filter.duotone. This should probably match that.

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carolinan commented May 25, 2023

@artemiomorales Hi! I am going to need your help with reimplementing this accessibility bug fix, after the introduction of the lightbox.
Because I did not fully understand why the aria labels were added the way they are without translations or why the caption is not supported.
I can visually see the caption when the lightbox is opened or closed, but it is never announced by screen readers.

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artemiomorales commented May 31, 2023

Hey @carolinan! Thanks for reaching out. I started taking a look at this but have been diverted to resolve outstanding bugs on the lightbox, and am hoping to get back to this as soon as I can.

I see that the translation issues have been fixed, and in my testing so far, I see that the captions are indeed announced by default using NVDA on Windows but not using VoiceOver on Mac. Which screen reader were you testing with?

In any case, do you still need my assistance on this? I'm thinking I'd have bandwidth for this likely next week.

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Labels
[Block] Image Affects the Image Block [Focus] Accessibility (a11y) Changes that impact accessibility and need corresponding review (e.g. markup changes). [Type] Enhancement A suggestion for improvement.
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Image block accessibility improvements
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