Added Difference between C and CPP in Day 1 subhadipbhowmik#520 issue…

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Added Difference between C and CPP in Day 1
subhadipbhowmik#520 issue closed

docs/day-01/difference.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 2
+title: "History of C++"
+description: "Learn about the history of C++, its key features, and how it has evolved over time."
+sidebar_label: "History of C++"
+slug: /history-of-cpp
+---
+
+## Difference Between C and C++
+
+(1) C
+
+1. Dennis Ritchie developed the C programming language between 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs.
+2. C lacks polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance, meaning it does not support object-oriented programming.
+3. C is largely a subset of C++.
+4. The number of keywords in C varies by version:
+   * C90: 32
+   * C99: 37
+   * C11: 44
+   * C23: 59
+5. C supports procedural programming for code development.
+6. In C, data and functions are separated due to its procedural programming nature.
+7. C does not support information hiding.
+8. Built-in data types are supported in C.
+9. C is a function-driven language because it is procedural.
+10. C does not support function and operator overloading.
+11. C is driven by functions.
+12. Functions in C are not defined within structures.
+13. C does not have namespace features.
+14. The standard IO header in C is stdio.h.
+15. C does not support reference variables.
+16. Virtual and friend functions are not supported in C.
+17. C does not support inheritance.
+18. C focuses on methods or processes rather than data.
+19. C provides malloc() and calloc() for dynamic memory allocation, and free() for memory deallocation.
+20. C does not directly support exception handling.
+21. The functions scanf() and printf() are used for input and output in C.
+22. C structures do not have access modifiers.
+23. There is no strict type checking in C.
+24. C does not support overloading.
+25. Type punning with unions is allowed in C99 and later.
+26. Named initializers can appear out of order.
+27. The file extension for C files is ".c".
+28. C supports meta-programming through macros and _Generic().
+29. C90 has 32 keywords.
+
+
+(2) C++
+
+1. Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++ in 1979.
+2. C++ includes polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance, making it an object-oriented language.
+3. C++ is essentially a superset of C.
+4. The number of keywords in C++ varies by version:
+   * C++98: 63
+   * C++11: 73
+   * C++17: 73
+   * C++20: 81
+5. C++ is considered a hybrid language because it supports both procedural and object-oriented programming paradigms.
+6. In C++, data and functions are encapsulated within objects.
+7. Encapsulation in C++ hides data to ensure proper usage of data structures and operators.
+8. C++ supports both built-in and user-defined data types.
+9. C++ is object-driven due to its object-oriented programming nature.
+10. C++ supports both function and operator overloading.
+11. C++ is driven by objects.
+12. Functions can be included within structures in C++.
+13. C++ uses namespaces to prevent name conflicts.
+14. The standard input/output header in C++ is iostream.h.
+15. C++ supports reference variables.
+16. C++ supports virtual and friend functions.
+17. Inheritance is supported in C++.
+18. C++ prioritizes data over methods or procedures.
+19. C++ uses the new operator for memory allocation and the delete operator for memory deallocation.
+20. Exception handling is a feature of C++.
+21. The cin and cout functions are used for input and output in C++.
+22. C++ structures include access modifiers.
+23. C++ enforces strict type checking, causing many programs that compile in C to produce warnings or errors in C++.
+24. C++ supports overloading.
+25. Type punning with unions is undefined behavior in C++, except in specific cases.
+26. Named initializers in C++ must match the struct's data layout.
+27. C++ file extensions include ".cpp", ".c++", ".cc", and ".cxx".
+28. Meta-programming in C++ is done using templates, though macros are still supported but discouraged.
+29. C++ has a total of 97 keywords.
+
+## Getting Started
+
+To start programming in C++, you'll need a development environment with a C++ compiler. Popular compilers include GCC, Clang, and Microsoft Visual C++. You can choose an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Visual Studio, Code::Blocks, or CLion to write and compile your code efficiently.
+
+Here's a simple "Hello, World!" example in C++:
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+Save this code in a file with a `.cpp` extension, compile it using a C++ compiler, and execute the resulting program to see the output.
+
+## What's Next?
+
+- **Learn Basic Syntax**: Dive into the syntax, data types, control structures, and functions in C++.
+- **Explore Advanced Concepts**: Study topics like pointers, memory management, templates, and exception handling.
+- **Practice, Practice, Practice**: Solve programming challenges and work on projects to reinforce your learning.
+- **Refer Official Documentation**: Utilize online resources, books, and official C++ references to deepen your understanding.
+
+C++ is a vast language with numerous possibilities. Enjoy your journey in mastering this versatile programming language!
+
+---
+
+Feel free to expand upon this content and include more details, examples, or exercises based on your audience's needs and the depth of the tutorial you're planning to create.
+
+