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Add the section of subset sum problem. (krahets#558)
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/** | ||
* File: subset_sum_i.cpp | ||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21 | ||
* Author: Krahets ([email protected]) | ||
*/ | ||
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#include "../utils/common.hpp" | ||
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 I */ | ||
void backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) { | ||
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 | ||
if (target == 0) { | ||
res.push_back(state); | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
// 遍历所有选择 | ||
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 | ||
for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) { | ||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 | ||
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target | ||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) { | ||
break; | ||
} | ||
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start | ||
state.push_back(choices[i]); | ||
// 进行下一轮选择 | ||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res); | ||
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 | ||
state.pop_back(); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 求解子集和 I */ | ||
vector<vector<int>> subsetSumI(vector<int> &nums, int target) { | ||
vector<int> state; // 状态(子集) | ||
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // 对 nums 进行排序 | ||
int start = 0; // 遍历起始点 | ||
vector<vector<int>> res; // 结果列表(子集列表) | ||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res); | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
int main() { | ||
vector<int> nums = {3, 4, 5}; | ||
int target = 9; | ||
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vector<vector<int>> res = subsetSumI(nums, target); | ||
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cout << "输入数组 nums = "; | ||
printVector(nums); | ||
cout << "target = " << target << endl; | ||
cout << "所有和等于 " << target << " 的子集 res = " << endl; | ||
printVectorMatrix(res); | ||
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return 0; | ||
} |
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/** | ||
* File: subset_sum_i_naive.cpp | ||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21 | ||
* Author: Krahets ([email protected]) | ||
*/ | ||
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#include "../utils/common.hpp" | ||
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 I */ | ||
void backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, int total, vector<int> &choices, vector<vector<int>> &res) { | ||
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 | ||
if (total == target) { | ||
res.push_back(state); | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
// 遍历所有选择 | ||
for (size_t i = 0; i < choices.size(); i++) { | ||
// 剪枝:若子集和超过 target ,则跳过该选择 | ||
if (total + choices[i] > target) { | ||
continue; | ||
} | ||
// 尝试:做出选择,更新元素和 total | ||
state.push_back(choices[i]); | ||
// 进行下一轮选择 | ||
backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res); | ||
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 | ||
state.pop_back(); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 求解子集和 I(包含重复子集) */ | ||
vector<vector<int>> subsetSumINaive(vector<int> &nums, int target) { | ||
vector<int> state; // 状态(子集) | ||
int total = 0; // 子集和 | ||
vector<vector<int>> res; // 结果列表(子集列表) | ||
backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res); | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
int main() { | ||
vector<int> nums = {3, 4, 5}; | ||
int target = 9; | ||
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vector<vector<int>> res = subsetSumINaive(nums, target); | ||
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cout << "输入数组 nums = "; | ||
printVector(nums); | ||
cout << "target = " << target << endl; | ||
cout << "所有和等于 " << target << " 的子集 res = " << endl; | ||
printVectorMatrix(res); | ||
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return 0; | ||
} |
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/** | ||
* File: subset_sum_ii.cpp | ||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21 | ||
* Author: Krahets ([email protected]) | ||
*/ | ||
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#include "../utils/common.hpp" | ||
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */ | ||
void backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) { | ||
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 | ||
if (target == 0) { | ||
res.push_back(state); | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
// 遍历所有选择 | ||
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 | ||
// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素 | ||
for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) { | ||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 | ||
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target | ||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) { | ||
break; | ||
} | ||
// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过 | ||
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) { | ||
continue; | ||
} | ||
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start | ||
state.push_back(choices[i]); | ||
// 进行下一轮选择 | ||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res); | ||
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 | ||
state.pop_back(); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 求解子集和 II */ | ||
vector<vector<int>> subsetSumII(vector<int> &nums, int target) { | ||
vector<int> state; // 状态(子集) | ||
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // 对 nums 进行排序 | ||
int start = 0; // 遍历起始点 | ||
vector<vector<int>> res; // 结果列表(子集列表) | ||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res); | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
int main() { | ||
vector<int> nums = {4, 4, 5}; | ||
int target = 9; | ||
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vector<vector<int>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target); | ||
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cout << "输入数组 nums = "; | ||
printVector(nums); | ||
cout << "target = " << target << endl; | ||
cout << "所有和等于 " << target << " 的子集 res = " << endl; | ||
printVectorMatrix(res); | ||
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return 0; | ||
} |
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/** | ||
* File: subset_sum_i.java | ||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21 | ||
* Author: Krahets ([email protected]) | ||
*/ | ||
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package chapter_backtracking; | ||
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import java.util.*; | ||
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public class subset_sum_i { | ||
/* 回溯算法:子集和 I */ | ||
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) { | ||
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 | ||
if (target == 0) { | ||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state)); | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
// 遍历所有选择 | ||
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 | ||
for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) { | ||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 | ||
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target | ||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) { | ||
break; | ||
} | ||
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start | ||
state.add(choices[i]); | ||
// 进行下一轮选择 | ||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res); | ||
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 | ||
state.remove(state.size() - 1); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 求解子集和 I */ | ||
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) { | ||
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 状态(子集) | ||
Arrays.sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序 | ||
int start = 0; // 遍历起始点 | ||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 结果列表(子集列表) | ||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res); | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
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public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
int[] nums = { 3, 4, 5 }; | ||
int target = 9; | ||
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List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumI(nums, target); | ||
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System.out.println("输入数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target); | ||
System.out.println("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res); | ||
} | ||
} |
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@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ | ||
/** | ||
* File: subset_sum_i_naive.java | ||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21 | ||
* Author: Krahets ([email protected]) | ||
*/ | ||
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package chapter_backtracking; | ||
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import java.util.*; | ||
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public class subset_sum_i_naive { | ||
/* 回溯算法:子集和 I */ | ||
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List<List<Integer>> res) { | ||
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 | ||
if (total == target) { | ||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state)); | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
// 遍历所有选择 | ||
for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) { | ||
// 剪枝:若子集和超过 target ,则跳过该选择 | ||
if (total + choices[i] > target) { | ||
continue; | ||
} | ||
// 尝试:做出选择,更新元素和 total | ||
state.add(choices[i]); | ||
// 进行下一轮选择 | ||
backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res); | ||
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 | ||
state.remove(state.size() - 1); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 求解子集和 I(包含重复子集) */ | ||
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) { | ||
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 状态(子集) | ||
int total = 0; // 子集和 | ||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 结果列表(子集列表) | ||
backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res); | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
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public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
int[] nums = { 3, 4, 5 }; | ||
int target = 9; | ||
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List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumINaive(nums, target); | ||
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System.out.println("输入数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target); | ||
System.out.println("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res); | ||
System.out.println("请注意,该方法输出的结果包含重复集合"); | ||
} | ||
} |
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@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ | ||
/** | ||
* File: subset_sum_ii.java | ||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21 | ||
* Author: Krahets ([email protected]) | ||
*/ | ||
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package chapter_backtracking; | ||
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import java.util.*; | ||
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public class subset_sum_ii { | ||
/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */ | ||
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) { | ||
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 | ||
if (target == 0) { | ||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state)); | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
// 遍历所有选择 | ||
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 | ||
// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素 | ||
for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) { | ||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 | ||
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target | ||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) { | ||
break; | ||
} | ||
// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过 | ||
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) { | ||
continue; | ||
} | ||
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start | ||
state.add(choices[i]); | ||
// 进行下一轮选择 | ||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res); | ||
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 | ||
state.remove(state.size() - 1); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 求解子集和 II */ | ||
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) { | ||
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 状态(子集) | ||
Arrays.sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序 | ||
int start = 0; // 遍历起始点 | ||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 结果列表(子集列表) | ||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res); | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
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public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 }; | ||
int target = 9; | ||
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List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target); | ||
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System.out.println("输入数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target); | ||
System.out.println("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res); | ||
} | ||
} |
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""" | ||
File: subset_sum_i.py | ||
Created Time: 2023-06-17 | ||
Author: Krahets ([email protected]) | ||
""" | ||
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def backtrack( | ||
state: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]] | ||
): | ||
"""回溯算法:子集和 I""" | ||
# 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 | ||
if target == 0: | ||
res.append(list(state)) | ||
return | ||
# 遍历所有选择 | ||
# 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 | ||
for i in range(start, len(choices)): | ||
# 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 | ||
# 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target | ||
if target - choices[i] < 0: | ||
break | ||
# 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start | ||
state.append(choices[i]) | ||
# 进行下一轮选择 | ||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res) | ||
# 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 | ||
state.pop() | ||
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def subset_sum_i(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]: | ||
"""求解子集和 I""" | ||
state = [] # 状态(子集) | ||
nums.sort() # 对 nums 进行排序 | ||
start = 0 # 遍历起始点 | ||
res = [] # 结果列表(子集列表) | ||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res) | ||
return res | ||
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"""Driver Code""" | ||
if __name__ == "__main__": | ||
nums = [3, 4, 5] | ||
target = 9 | ||
res = subset_sum_i(nums, target) | ||
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print(f"输入数组 nums = {nums}, target = {target}") | ||
print(f"所有和等于 {target} 的子集 res = {res}") |
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