Benchmarking Keras and PyTorch Pre-Trained Models

Benchmarks for every pre-trained model in PyTorch and Keras-Tensorflow. Benchmarks are reproducible.

Why this is helpful

Combining Keras and PyTorch benchmarks into a single framework lets researchers decide which platform is best for a given model. For example resnet architectures perform better in PyTorch and inception architectures perform better in Keras (see below). These benchmarks serve as a standard from which to start new projects or debug current implementations.

For researchers exploring Keras and PyTorch models, these benchmarks serve as a standard from which to start new projects or debug current implementations.

Many researchers struggle with reproducible accuracy benchmarks of pre-trained Keras (Tensorflow) models on ImageNet. Examples of issues are here1, here2, here3, here4, and here5.

In Keras, the published benchmarks on Keras Applications cannot be reproduced by exactly copying the associated code. In fact, the reported accuracies are usually higher than the actual accuries.

I dive slightly deeper into the reproducibility issues of Keras in the associated blog post.

Benchmark Results on ImageNet

The actual validation set accuracies on ImageNet for all Keras and PyTorch models (verified on macOS 10.11.6, Linux Debian 9, and Ubuntu 18.04).

Platform	Model	Acc@1	Acc@5	Rank@1	Rank@5
Keras 2.2.4	nasnetlarge	80.83	95.27	1	1
Keras 2.2.4	inceptionresnetv2	78.93	94.45	2	2
PyTorch 1.0	resnet152	77.62	93.81	3	3
Keras 2.2.4	xception	77.18	93.49	4	4
PyTorch 1.0	densenet161	76.92	93.49	5	5
PyTorch 1.0	resnet101	76.64	93.30	6	6
PyTorch 1.0	densenet201	76.41	93.18	7	7
Keras 2.2.4	inceptionv3	76.02	92.90	8	8
PyTorch 1.0	densenet169	75.59	92.69	9	9
PyTorch 1.0	resnet50	75.06	92.48	10	10
Keras 2.2.4	densenet201	74.77	92.32	11	11
PyTorch 1.0	densenet121	74.07	91.94	12	12
Keras 2.2.4	densenet169	73.92	91.76	13	13
PyTorch 1.0	vgg19_bn	72.90	91.35	14	14
PyTorch 1.0	resnet34	72.34	90.84	15	16
PyTorch 1.0	vgg16_bn	72.29	91.01	16	15
Keras 2.2.4	densenet121	72.09	90.70	17	17
Keras 2.2.4	nasnetmobile	71.59	90.19	18	19
PyTorch 1.0	vgg19	71.19	90.40	19	18
PyTorch 1.0	vgg16	70.66	89.93	20	20
Keras 2.2.4	resnet50	70.35	89.55	21	22
PyTorch 1.0	vgg13_bn	70.12	89.56	22	21
Keras 2.2.4	mobilenetV2	69.98	89.49	23	23
PyTorch 1.0	vgg11_bn	69.36	89.06	24	24
PyTorch 1.0	inception_v3	69.25	88.69	25	25
Keras 2.2.4	mobilenet	69.02	88.48	26	27
PyTorch 1.0	vgg13	68.69	88.65	27	28
PyTorch 1.0	resnet18	68.37	88.56	28	26
PyTorch 1.0	vgg11	67.85	88.11	29	29
Keras 2.2.4	vgg19	65.58	86.54	30	30
Keras 2.2.4	vgg16	65.24	86.20	31	31
PyTorch 1.0	squeezenet1_0	56.49	79.06	32	33
PyTorch 1.0	squeezenet1_1	56.42	79.21	33	32
PyTorch 1.0	alexnet	54.50	77.64	34	34

To Reproduce

Get the ImageNet validation dataset

• Download

  • Download the Imagenet 2012 Validation dataset from http://image-net.org/download-images or other options. This dataset contains 50000 images

• Preprocess/Extract validation data

  • Once ILSVRC2012_img_val.tar is downloaded, run:

  # Credit to Soumith: https://github.com/soumith/imagenet-multiGPU.torch
  $ cd ../ && mkdir val && mv ILSVRC2012_img_val.tar val/ && cd val && tar -xvf ILSVRC2012_img_val.tar
  $ wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/soumith/imagenetloader.torch/master/valprep.sh | bash

Reproduce in 10 seconds

The top 5 predictions for every example in the ImageNet validation set have been pre-computed for you here for Keras models and here for PyTorch models. These are automatically used by the following code which takes a few seconds to run:

$ git clone https://github.com:cgnorthcutt/imagenet-benchmarking.git
$ cd benchmarking-keras-pytorch
$ python imagenet_benchmarking.py /path/to/imagenet_val_data

Reproduce model outputs (hours)

You can also reproduce the inference-time output of each Keras and PyTorch model without using the pre-computed data. Inference for Keras takes a long time (5-10 hours) because I compute the forward pass on each example one at a time and avoid vectorized operations: this was the only approach I found would reliably reproduce the same accuracies. PyTorch is fairly quick (less than one hour). To reproduce:

$ git clone https://github.com:cgnorthcutt/imagenet-benchmarking.git
$ cd benchmarking-keras-pytorch
$ # Compute outputs of PyTorch models (1 hour)
$ ./imagenet_pytorch_get_predictions.py /path/to/imagenet_val_data
$ # Compute outputs of Keras models (5-10 hours)
$ ./imagenet_keras_get_predictions.py /path/to/imagenet_val_data
$ # View benchmark results
$ ./imagenet_benchmarking.py /path/to/imagenet_val_data

You can control GPU usage, batch size, output storage directories, and more. Run the files with the -h flag to see command line argument options.

Tips for Keras

One of the goals of this project is to help reconcile issues with reproducibility in Keras pre-trained models. The way I deal with these issues is three-fold. In Keras I

1. avoid batches during inference.
2. run each example one at a time. This is silly slow, but yields a reproducible output for every model.
3. only run models in local functions or use with clauses to ensure no aspects of a previous model persist in memory when the next model is loaded.

License

Copyright (c) 2019 Curtis Northcutt. Released under the MIT License. See LICENSE for details.