Merge pull request #1866 from OffchainLabs/docs-haw-reorg

docs: how-arbitrum-works-reorg

arbitrum-docs/build-decentralized-apps/01-quickstart-solidity-hardhat.mdx

@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ Select `Arbitrum Sepolia` from Metamask's dropdown, paste your contract address
 
 Now that we've verified that our smart contract works on Arbitrum's Sepolia testnet, we're ready to deploy it to Arbitrum One Mainnet. This is the same process as deploying to Arbitrum's Sepolia testnet, except that we'll need to pay a transaction fee in real $ETH instead of $ASPL.
 
-Expect to see inconsistent $ETH gas fees in this step - the [Gas and fees section](/how-arbitrum-works/gas-fees.mdx) contains more information about how gas fees are determined for Arbitrum transactions.
+Expect to see inconsistent $ETH gas fees in this step - the [Gas and fees section](/how-arbitrum-works/09-gas-fees.mdx) contains more information about how gas fees are determined for Arbitrum transactions.
 
 <!-- not sure if this is the best way to work through this step - optimized for quick, assumed user knows how to create a deployment account; or otherwise will be ok with having to ask chatgpt -->
 

arbitrum-docs/build-decentralized-apps/02-how-to-estimate-gas.mdx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Head over to [the Stylus gas docs](/stylus/reference/opcode-hostio-pricing) for
 
 :::
 
-This how-to is intended for users and developers interested in understanding how gas operates in Arbitrum, how it's calculated, and how to estimate it before submitting transactions. More detailed information about these calculations can be found in this [Medium article](https://medium.com/offchainlabs/understanding-arbitrum-2-dimensional-fees-fd1d582596c9) and the [Gas and Fees](/how-arbitrum-works/gas-fees.mdx) page.
+This how-to is intended for users and developers interested in understanding how gas operates in Arbitrum, how it's calculated, and how to estimate it before submitting transactions. More detailed information about these calculations can be found in this [Medium article](https://medium.com/offchainlabs/understanding-arbitrum-2-dimensional-fees-fd1d582596c9) and the [Gas and Fees](/how-arbitrum-works/09-gas-fees.mdx) page.
 
 ## Skip the formula, focus on practical know-how
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Multiplying the value obtained from `eth_estimateGas` by the L2 gas price will g
 
 Alternatively, to obtain the gas limit for your transaction, you can call `NodeInterface.gasEstimateComponents()` and then use the first result, which is `gasEstimate`. Next, to find the total cost, you need to multiply this amount by the L2 gas price, which is available in the third result, `baseFee`.
 
-Note that when working with L1 to L2 messages (also known as [retryable tickets](/how-arbitrum-works/arbos/l1-l2-messaging.mdx)), you can use the function [L1ToL2MessageGasEstimator.estimateAll()](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-sdk/blob/main/src/lib/message/L1ToL2MessageGasEstimator.ts#L215) of the Arbitrum SDK or [NodeInterface.estimateRetryableTicket()](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/@nitroRepositorySlug@/blob/@nitroVersionTag@/nodeInterface/NodeInterface.go#L120) to get all the gas information needed to send a successful transaction.
+Note that when working with L1 to L2 messages (also known as [retryable tickets](/how-arbitrum-works/10-l1-to-l2-messaging.mdx)), you can use the function [L1ToL2MessageGasEstimator.estimateAll()](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-sdk/blob/main/src/lib/message/L1ToL2MessageGasEstimator.ts#L215) of the Arbitrum SDK or [NodeInterface.estimateRetryableTicket()](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/@nitroRepositorySlug@/blob/@nitroVersionTag@/nodeInterface/NodeInterface.go#L120) to get all the gas information needed to send a successful transaction.
 
 ## Breaking down the formula
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ As explained in the Medium article, the transaction fees to pay at any given mom
 Transaction fees (TXFEES) = L2 Gas Price (P) * Gas Limit (G)
 ```
 
-This Gas Limit includes the gas of the L2 computation and an additional buffer to cover the L1 gas to be paid by the Sequencer when [posting the batch including this transaction on L1](/how-arbitrum-works/inside-arbitrum-nitro.mdx#how-the-sequencer-publishes-the-sequence).
+This Gas Limit includes the gas of the L2 computation and an additional buffer to cover the L1 gas to be paid by the Sequencer when [posting the batch including this transaction on L1](/how-arbitrum-works/03-sequencer.mdx).
 
 ```
 Gas Limit (G) = Gas used on L2 (L2G) + Extra Buffer for L1 cost (B)
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ This buffer takes into account the cost of posting the transaction, batched and
 - L1S, which estimates the amount of data the transaction will take up in the batch by compressing the transaction with Brotli.
 - L1P, which is the L2's estimated view of the current L1's price of data (per byte), which the L2 dynamically adjusts over time.
 
-More information is available [in this page](/how-arbitrum-works/l1-gas-pricing.mdx).
+More information is available [in this page](/how-arbitrum-works/09-gas-fees.mdx).
 
 ```
 L1 Estimated Cost (L1C) = L1 price per byte of data (L1P) * Size of data to be posted in bytes (L1S)
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ We'll use one resource available in Arbitrum: the [NodeInterface](/build-decentr
 - L1P (L1 estimated price per byte of data) ⇒ Estimated cost of posting 1 byte of data on L1:
   - Call `NodeInterface.GasEstimateComponents()`, get the fourth element `l1BaseFeeEstimate` and multiply it by 16.
 - L1S (Size of data to be posted on L1, in bytes) ⇒ This will depend on the data of the transaction. Keep in mind that Arbitrum adds a fixed amount to this number to make up for the static part of the transaction, which is also posted on L1 (140 bytes). We can do a small calculation to obtain this value: call `NodeInterface.GasEstimateComponents()` take the second element, `gasEstimateForL1` (this is equivalent to `B` in our formula), multiply it by P and divide it by L1P.
-  - For Arbitrum Nova (AnyTrust), the size of the data is also a fixed value, as only the Data Availability Certificate is posted on L1, [as explained here](/how-arbitrum-works/inside-anytrust.mdx#data-availability-certificates).
+  - For Arbitrum Nova (AnyTrust), the size of the data is also a fixed value, as only the Data Availability Certificate is posted on L1, [as explained here](/how-arbitrum-works/08-anytrust-protocol.mdx#data-availability-certificates).
 
 (Note: for L1P and L1S, you can also call `NodeInterface.gasEstimateL1Component()` to get `l1BaseFeeEstimate` and `gasEstimateForL1`)
 

arbitrum-docs/build-decentralized-apps/03-public-chains.mdx

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ Arbitrum chains are Layer 2 solutions built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, d
 
 ### Arbitrum One
 
-**Arbitrum One** is a Layer 2 (L2) optimistic rollup chain that implements the Arbitrum Rollup protocol and settles to Ethereum's Layer 1 (L1) chain. It lets you build high-performance Ethereum dApps with low transaction costs and Ethereum-grade security guarantees, introducing no additional trust assumptions. This is made possible by the [Nitro](/how-arbitrum-works/inside-arbitrum-nitro.mdx) technology stack, a "Geth-at-the-core" architecture that gives Arbitrum One (and Nova) advanced calldata compression, separate contexts for common execution and fault proving, Ethereum L1 gas compatibility, and more.
+**Arbitrum One** is a Layer 2 (L2) optimistic Rollup chain that implements the Arbitrum Rollup protocol and settles to Ethereum's Layer 1 (L1) chain. It lets you build high-performance Ethereum dApps with low transaction costs and Ethereum-grade security guarantees, introducing no additional trust assumptions. This is made possible by the [Nitro](/how-arbitrum-works/04-geth-at-the-core.mdx) technology stack, a "Geth-at-the-core" architecture that gives Arbitrum One (and Nova) advanced calldata compression, separate contexts for common execution and fault proving, Ethereum L1 gas compatibility, and more.
 
 ### Arbitrum Nova
 
-**Arbitrum Nova** is a high-performance alternative to Arbitrum One's chain. While Arbitrum One implements the purely trustless Rollup protocol, Arbitrum Nova implements the mostly trustless [AnyTrust](/how-arbitrum-works/inside-anytrust.mdx) protocol. They key difference between Rollup and AnyTrust is that the AnyTrust protocol introduces an additional trust assumption in the form of a data availability committee (DAC). This committee (detailed below) is responsible for expediting the process of storing, batching, and posting L2 transaction data to Ethereum's L1. This lets you use Arbitrum in scenarios that demand performance and affordability, while Arbitrum One is optimal for scenarios that demand Ethereum's pure trustlessness.
+**Arbitrum Nova** is a high-performance alternative to Arbitrum One's chain. While Arbitrum One implements the purely trustless Rollup protocol, Arbitrum Nova implements the mostly trustless [AnyTrust](/how-arbitrum-works/08-anytrust-protocol.mdx) protocol. They key difference between Rollup and AnyTrust is that the AnyTrust protocol introduces an additional trust assumption in the form of a data availability committee (DAC). This committee (detailed below) is responsible for expediting the process of storing, batching, and posting L2 transaction data to Ethereum's L1. This lets you use Arbitrum in scenarios that demand performance and affordability, while Arbitrum One is optimal for scenarios that demand Ethereum's pure trustlessness.
 
 ## What Arbitrum testnet chains are available?
 
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ Finally, Arbitrum Sepolia is a testnet chain. It's designed for testing purposes
 
 ### Nitro
 
-Nitro is the technology that powers Arbitrum One, Arbitrum Nova (with AnyTrust configuration),and Arbitrum Sepolia. It's designed to offer high throughput and low cost, making it ideal for scaling Ethereum applications. Nitro is a major upgrade to the “Classic” stack, offering several improvements including advanced calldata compression, separate contexts for common execution and fault proving, Ethereum L1 gas compatibility, and more. You can find more information about Nitro in [Inside Arbitrum Nitro](/how-arbitrum-works/inside-arbitrum-nitro.mdx).
+Nitro is the technology that powers Arbitrum One, Arbitrum Nova (with AnyTrust configuration),and Arbitrum Sepolia. It's designed to offer high throughput and low cost, making it ideal for scaling Ethereum applications. Nitro is a major upgrade to the “Classic” stack, offering several improvements including advanced calldata compression, separate contexts for common execution and fault proving, Ethereum L1 gas compatibility, and more. You can find more information about Nitro in [Inside Arbitrum Nitro](/how-arbitrum-works/01-a-gentle-introduction.mdx).
 
 ### AnyTrust (variant of Nitro)
 
-AnyTrust is a variant of the Nitro technology stack that lowers costs by accepting a mild trust assumption. The AnyTrust protocol relies on an external Data Availability Committee (DAC) to store data and provide it on demand. The DAC has N members, of which AnyTrust assumes at least two are honest. Keeping the data off-chain in the happy/common case means the system can charge the user significantly lower fees. You can find more information about AnyTrust in [Inside AnyTrust](/how-arbitrum-works/inside-anytrust.mdx).
+AnyTrust is a variant of the Nitro technology stack that lowers costs by accepting a mild trust assumption. The AnyTrust protocol relies on an external Data Availability Committee (DAC) to store data and provide it on demand. The DAC has N members, of which AnyTrust assumes at least two are honest. Keeping the data off-chain in the happy/common case means the system can charge the user significantly lower fees. You can find more information about AnyTrust in [Inside AnyTrust](/how-arbitrum-works/08-anytrust-protocol.mdx).
 
 ### Classic (deprecated)
 

arbitrum-docs/build-decentralized-apps/04-cross-chain-messaging.mdx

@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ The Arbitrum protocol and related tooling makes it easy for developers to build
 
 Arbitrary L1 to L2 contract calls can be created via the `Inbox`'s `createRetryableTicket` method; upon publishing the L1 transaction, the L2 side will typically get included within minutes. Happily / commonly, the L2 execution will automatically succeed, but if reverts, and it can be rexecuted via a call to the `redeem` method of the [ArbRetryableTx](/build-decentralized-apps/precompiles/02-reference.mdx#arbretryabletx) precompile.
 
-For details and protocol specification, see [L1 to L2 Messages](/how-arbitrum-works/arbos/l1-l2-messaging.mdx).
+For details and protocol specification, see [L1 to L2 Messages](/how-arbitrum-works/10-l1-to-l2-messaging.mdx).
 
 For an example of retryable tickets in action, see the [Greeter](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-tutorials/tree/master/packages/greeter) tutorial, which uses the [Arbitrum SDK](../sdk/1-introduction.mdx).
 
 ## Arbitrum-to-Ethereum messaging
 
 Similarly, L2 contracts can send Arbitrary messages for execution on L1. These are initiated via calls to the [ArbSys](/build-decentralized-apps/precompiles/02-reference.mdx#arbsys) precompile contract's `sendTxToL1` method. Upon confirmation (about 1 week later), they can executed by retrieving the relevant data via a call to `NodeInterface` contract's `constructOutboxProof` method, and then executing them via the `Outbox`'s `executeTransaction` method.
 
-For details and protocol specification, see [L2 to L1 Messages](/how-arbitrum-works/arbos/l2-l1-messaging.mdx).
+For details and protocol specification, see [L2 to L1 Messages](/how-arbitrum-works/11-l2-to-l1-messaging.mdx).
 
 For a demo, see the [Outbox Tutorial](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-tutorials/tree/master/packages/outbox-execute).

arbitrum-docs/build-decentralized-apps/arbitrum-vs-ethereum/01-comparison-overview.mdx

@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ You can deploy Solidity contracts onto Arbitrum just like you do Ethereum. There
 
 ## Fees
 
-The fees an Arbitrum transaction pays for execution essentially work identically to gas fees on Ethereum. Arbitrum transactions must also, however, pay a fee component to cover the cost of posting their calldata to the parent chain (for example, calldata on Arbitrum One, an L2, is posted to Ethereum, an L1). Find more information about the two components of gas fees in [Gas and fees](/how-arbitrum-works/gas-fees.mdx) and [L1 pricing](/how-arbitrum-works/l1-gas-pricing.mdx).
+The fees for executing an Arbitrum transaction work like gas fees on Ethereum. However, Arbitrum transactions must also pay a fee component to cover the cost of posting their calldata to the parent chain (for example, calldata on Arbitrum One, an L2, is posted to Ethereum, an L1). Find more information about the two components of gas fees in [Gas and fees](/how-arbitrum-works/09-gas-fees.mdx) and L1 pricing.
 
 ## Cross-chain messaging
 
-Arbitrum chains support arbitrary message passing from a parent chain (for example, a Layer 1 (L1) like Ethereum) to a child chain (for example, a Layer 2 (L2) like Arbitrum One or Arbitrum Nova). These are commonly known as "L1 to L2 messages". Developers using this functionality should familiarize themselves with how they work. Find more information about it in [L1 to L2 messaging](/how-arbitrum-works/arbos/l1-l2-messaging.mdx).
+Arbitrum chains support arbitrary message passing from a parent chain (for example, a Layer 1 (L1) like Ethereum) to a child chain (for example, a Layer 2 (L2) like Arbitrum One or Arbitrum Nova). These are commonly known as "L1 to L2 messages". Developers using this functionality should familiarize themselves with how they work. Find more information about it in [L1 to L2 messaging](/how-arbitrum-works/10-l1-to-l2-messaging.mdx).
 
-Similarly, Arbitrum chains can also send messages to the parent chain. Find more information about them in [L2 to L1 messaging and the outbox](/how-arbitrum-works/arbos/l2-l1-messaging.mdx).
+Similarly, Arbitrum chains can also send messages to the parent chain. Find more information about them in [L2 to L1 messaging and the outbox](/how-arbitrum-works/11-l2-to-l1-messaging.mdx).
 
 ## Precompiles
 

arbitrum-docs/build-decentralized-apps/arbitrum-vs-ethereum/02-block-numbers-and-time.mdx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ With the release of Arbitrum Orbit, Arbitrum chains can now be L2s that settle t
 
 :::
 
-As in Ethereum, Arbitrum clients submit transactions, and the system executes those transactions at some later time. In Arbitrum, clients submit transactions by posting messages to the Ethereum chain, either [through the sequencer](/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer.mdx#happycommon-case-sequencer-is-live-and-well-behaved) or via the chain's [delayed inbox](/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer.mdx#unhappyuncommon-case-sequencer-isnt-doing-its-job).
+As in Ethereum, Arbitrum clients submit transactions, and the system executes those transactions later. In Arbitrum, clients submit transactions by posting messages to the Ethereum chain, either [through the sequencer](/how-arbitrum-works/03-sequencer.mdx) or via the chain's [delayed inbox](/how-arbitrum-works/03-sequencer.mdx).
 
 Once in the chain's core inbox contract, transactions are processed in order. Generally, some time will elapse between when a message is put into the inbox (and timestamped) and when the contract processes the message and carries out the transaction requested by the message.