build(webpack): fix --zip in Node.js 22 by cloning assets into `Uin…

…t8Array`s before zipping (#29177)

Use a copy of the Buffer via `Buffer.from(asset)`, as Zip will *consume*
it, which breaks things if we are compiling for multiple browsers at
once. `Buffer.from` uses the internal pool, so it's superior to `new
Uint8Array` if we don't need to pass it off to a worker thread.

Additionally, in Node.js 22+ a Buffer marked as "Untransferable" (like
ours) can't be passed to a worker, which `AsyncZipDeflate` uses. See:
101arrowz/fflate#227 (comment)

This can probably be simplified to `zipFile.push(Buffer.from(asset),
true);` if the above issue is resolved.

This fix should hopefully unblock
#28368


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development/webpack/utils/plugins/ManifestPlugin/index.ts

@@ -25,16 +25,6 @@ type Assets = Compilation['assets'];
 const NAME = 'ManifestPlugin';
 const BROWSER_TEMPLATE_RE = /\[browser\]/gu;
 
-/**
- * Clones a Buffer or Uint8Array and returns it
- *
- * @param data
- * @returns
- */
-function clone(data: Buffer | Uint8Array): Buffer {
-  return Buffer.from(data);
-}
-
 /**
  * Adds the given asset to the zip file
  *
@@ -54,12 +44,23 @@ function addAssetToZip(
   zip: Zip,
 ): void {
   const zipFile = compress
-    ? new AsyncZipDeflate(assetName, compressionOptions)
-    : new ZipPassThrough(assetName);
+    ? // AsyncZipDeflate uses workers
+      new AsyncZipDeflate(assetName, compressionOptions)
+    : // ZipPassThrough doesn't use workers
+      new ZipPassThrough(assetName);
   zipFile.mtime = mtime;
   zip.add(zipFile);
-  // use a copy of the Buffer, as Zip will consume it
-  zipFile.push(asset, true);
+  // Use a copy of the Buffer via `Buffer.from(asset)`, as Zip will *consume*
+  // it, which breaks things if we are compiling for multiple browsers at once.
+  // `Buffer.from` uses the internal pool, so it's superior to `new Uint8Array`
+  // if we don't need to pass it off to a worker thread.
+  //
+  // Additionally, in Node.js 22+ a Buffer marked as "Untransferable" (like
+  // ours) can't be passed to a worker, which `AsyncZipDeflate` uses.
+  // See: https://github.com/101arrowz/fflate/issues/227#issuecomment-2540024304
+  // this can probably be simplified to `zipFile.push(Buffer.from(asset), true);`
+  // if the above issue is resolved.
+  zipFile.push(compress ? new Uint8Array(asset) : Buffer.from(asset), true);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ export class ManifestPlugin<Z extends boolean> {
             errored = true;
             reject(error);
           } else {
-            zipSource.add(new RawSource(clone(data)));
+            zipSource.add(new RawSource(Buffer.from(data)));
             // we've received our final bit of data, return the zipSource
             if (final) resolve(zipSource);
           }
@@ -171,9 +172,7 @@ export class ManifestPlugin<Z extends boolean> {
           if (excludeExtensions.includes(extName)) continue;
 
           addAssetToZip(
-            // make a copy of the asset Buffer as Zipping will *consume* it,
-            // which breaks things if we are compiling for multiple browsers.
-            clone(asset.buffer()),
+            asset.buffer(),
             assetName,
             ManifestPlugin.compressibleFileTypes.has(extName),
             compressionOptions,