[CALCITE-5843] Constant expression with nested casts causes a compile…

…r crash

linq4j/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/linq4j/tree/Expressions.java

@@ -569,7 +569,15 @@ public static ConstantExpression constant(@Nullable Object value, Type type) {
           value = new BigInteger(stringValue);
         }
         if (primitive != null) {
-          value = primitive.parse(stringValue);
+          if (value instanceof Number) {
+            Number valueNumber = (Number) value;
+            value = primitive.numberValue(valueNumber);
+            if (value == null) {
+              value = primitive.parse(stringValue);
+            }
+          } else {
+            value = primitive.parse(stringValue);
+          }
         }
       }
     }

linq4j/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/linq4j/tree/Primitive.java

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
 import java.sql.ResultSet;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.AbstractList;
@@ -366,6 +368,75 @@ public static List<Double> asList(double[] elements) {
     return (List<Double>) asList((Object) elements);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Check if a value after rounding falls within a specified range.
+   *
+   * @param value  Value to compare.
+   * @param min    Minimum value allowed.
+   * @param max    Maximum value allowed.
+   */
+  static void checkRoundedRange(Number value, double min, double max) {
+    double dbl = value.doubleValue();
+    // The equivalent of DOWN rounding for BigDecimal
+    dbl = dbl > 0 ? Math.floor(dbl) : Math.ceil(dbl);
+    if (dbl < min || dbl > max) {
+      throw new ArithmeticException("Value " + value + " out of range");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a number into a value of the type specified by this primitive
+   * using the SQL CAST rules.  If the value conversion causes loss of significant digits,
+   * an exception is thrown.
+   *
+   * @param value  Value to convert.
+   * @return       The converted value, or null if the type of the result is not a number.
+   */
+  public @Nullable Object numberValue(Number value) {
+    switch (this) {
+    case BYTE:
+      checkRoundedRange(value, Byte.MIN_VALUE, Byte.MAX_VALUE);
+      return value.byteValue();
+    case CHAR:
+      // No overflow checks for char values.
+      // For example, Postgres has this behavior.
+      return (char) value.intValue();
+    case SHORT:
+      checkRoundedRange(value, Short.MIN_VALUE, Short.MAX_VALUE);
+      return value.shortValue();
+    case INT:
+      checkRoundedRange(value, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+      return value.intValue();
+    case LONG:
+      if (value instanceof Byte
+          || value instanceof Short
+          || value instanceof Integer
+          || value instanceof Long) {
+        return value.longValue();
+      }
+      if (value instanceof Float
+          || value instanceof Double) {
+        // The value Long.MAX_VALUE cannot be represented exactly as a double,
+        // so we cannot use checkRoundedRange.
+        BigDecimal decimal = BigDecimal.valueOf(value.doubleValue())
+            // Round to an integer
+            .setScale(0, RoundingMode.DOWN);
+        // longValueExact will throw ArithmeticException if out of range
+        return decimal.longValueExact();
+      }
+      throw new AssertionError("Unexpected Number type "
+          + value.getClass().getSimpleName());
+    case FLOAT:
+      // out of range values will be represented as infinities
+      return value.floatValue();
+    case DOUBLE:
+      // out of range values will be represented as infinities
+      return value.doubleValue();
+    default:
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Converts a collection of boxed primitives into an array of primitives.
    *