ENH: Add CI infrastructure for pre-commit checks

Introduce a noxfile with two sessions:
1. pre-commit: Runs pre-commit checks on all files except the ones generated by cookiecutter.
2. pre-commit-cookie: Runs pre-commit checks on a generated folder based on the cookiecutter template.

The approach was adapted from the implementation at https://github.com/scientific-python/cookie/, originally contributed by @henryiii.

Add corresponding GitHub Actions workflows in lint.yml to automate the pre-commit checks.

.github/workflows/lint.yml

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+name: CI (Lint)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  pre-commit:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+
+      - uses: pre-commit/[email protected]
+
+  pre-commit-cookie:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - run: pipx run nox -s 'pre-commit-cookie'

.gitignore

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+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+cover/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+*.log
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+db.sqlite3-journal
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+.pybuilder/
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# .python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+#Pipfile.lock
+
+# poetry
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
+#   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
+#   commonly ignored for libraries.
+#   https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
+#poetry.lock
+
+# pdm
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
+#pdm.lock
+#   pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
+#   in version control.
+#   https://pdm.fming.dev/#use-with-ide
+.pdm.toml
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
+__pypackages__/
+
+# Celery stuff
+celerybeat-schedule
+celerybeat.pid
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+.pytype/
+
+# Cython debug symbols
+cython_debug/
+
+# PyCharm
+#  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
+#  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
+#  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
+#  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
+#.idea/
+
+### Python Patch ###
+# Poetry local configuration file - https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#local-configuration
+poetry.toml
+
+# ruff
+.ruff_cache/
+
+# LSP config files
+pyrightconfig.json

.pre-commit-config.yaml

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+exclude: "^{{cookiecutter\\.project_name}}/"
+
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: "v4.6.0"
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-added-large-files
+      - id: check-case-conflict
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+      - id: check-symlinks
+      - id: check-toml
+      - id: check-yaml
+      - id: debug-statements
+      - id: end-of-file-fixer
+      - id: mixed-line-ending
+      - id: trailing-whitespace
+      - id: requirements-txt-fixer
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
+    rev: "1.18.0"
+    hooks:
+      - id: blacken-docs
+        additional_dependencies: [black==24.*]
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: "v0.5.7"
+    hooks:
+      # Run the linter.
+      - id: ruff
+        args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+      # Run the formatter.
+      - id: ruff-format
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/rbubley/mirrors-prettier
+    rev: "v3.3.3"
+    hooks:
+      - id: prettier
+        types_or: [yaml, json]
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
+    rev: "v2.3.0"
+    hooks:
+      - id: codespell
+        args: ["-Lnd", "-w"]
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
+    rev: "0.29.1"
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-github-workflows

.ruff.toml

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+[lint]
+select = [
+  "ARG",         # flake8-unused-arguments
+  "ANN",         # flake8-annotations
+  "B",           # flake8-bugbear
+  "C4",          # flake8-comprehensions
+  "D",           # pydocstyle
+  "E", "F", "W", # flake8
+  "EXE",         # flake8-executable
+  "G",           # flake8-logging-format
+  "I",           # isort
+  "ICN",         # flake8-import-conventions
+  "ISC",         # flake8-implicit-str-concat
+  "NPY",         # NumPy specific rules
+  "PGH",         # pygrep-hooks
+  "PIE",         # flake8-pie
+  "PL",          # pylint
+  "PT",          # flake8-pytest-style
+  "RET",         # flake8-return
+  "RUF",         # Ruff-specific
+  "S",           # flake8-bandit
+  "SIM",         # flake8-simplify
+  "UP",          # pyupgrade
+  "YTT",         # flake8-2020
+  "W",           # Warning
+]
+extend-ignore = [
+  "ANN101",  # missing-type-self
+  "G004",    # logging-f-string
+  "PIE790",  # unnecessary-pass
+
+  "D10",     # undocumented-public-*
+  "D200",    # One-line docstring should fit on one line
+
+  # Disable linting rules conflicting with "ruff formatter"
+  # See https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/formatter/#conflicting-lint-rules
+  "COM812",
+  "COM819",
+  "D206",
+  "D300",
+  "E111",
+  "E114",
+  "E117",
+  "ISC001",
+  "ISC002",
+  "Q000",
+  "Q002",
+  "Q003",
+  "W191",
+]
+flake8-annotations.suppress-dummy-args = true
+flake8-annotations.suppress-none-returning = true
+pydocstyle.convention = "pep257"