Dynamic Role-Based Authorization in ASP.NET Core MVC 2.1, 3.1, 5.0 and 6.0

You already know how role-based authorization works in ASP.NET Core.

[Authorize(Roles = "Administrator")]
public class AdministrationController : Controller
{
}

But what if you don't want hardcode roles on the Authorize attribute or create roles later and specify in which controller and action it has access without touching source code?

DynamicAuthorization helps you authorize users without hardcoding role(s) on the Authorize attribute with minimum effort. DynamicAuthorization is built at the top of ASP.NET Core Identity and uses identity mechanism for managing roles and authorizing users.

Install the DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.Core NuGet package

Install-Package DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.Core

or

dotnet add package DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.Core

Then, add AddDynamicAuthorization() to IServiceCollection in Startup.ConfigureServices method:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    ...
    services
        .AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = false)
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();
        
    services
        .AddDynamicAuthorization<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.DefaultAdminUser = "UserName")

You can set the default admin username via DefaultAdminUser config to access everywhere without creating a default admin role and its access.

Then install JSON or SQLSever store to save role access.

To install DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.JsonStore NuGet package

Install-Package DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.JsonStore

or

dotnet add package DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.JsonStore

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
        
    services
        .AddDynamicAuthorization<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.DefaultAdminUser = "UserName")
        .AddJsonStore(options => options.FilePath = "FilePath");

Role access will be saved in a JSON file and you can specify the file path FilePath config.

Or install SQLServer store DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.MsSqlServerStore NuGet package

Install-Package DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.MsSqlServerStore

or

dotnet add package DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.MsSqlServerStore

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
        
    services
        .AddDynamicAuthorization<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.DefaultAdminUser = "UserName")
        .AddSqlServerStore(options => options.ConnectionString = "ConnectionString");

You can decorate controllers and actions with DisplayName attribute to show the user a more meaningful name instead of controller and action name.

[DisplayName("Access Management")]
public class AccessController : Controller
{

    // GET: Access
    [DisplayName("Access List")]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Index()
}

You can also the default UI for managing roles and assigning roles to users if you don't want to implement them by yourself.

Install the DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.Ui NuGet package

Install-Package DynamicAuthorization.Mvc.Ui

Then AddUi to DynamicAuthorization registration:

services
        .AddDynamicAuthorization<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.DefaultAdminUser = "UserName")
        .AddJsonStore(options => options.FilePath = "FilePath")
        .AddUi();

Use http://<your-app>/role url to manage roles and assign access to a role.

Use http://<your-app>/userrole url to assign roles to users.

You can also use a custom TageHelper to check whether the user has access to view content or not. create a custom tag helper that inherits from SecureContentTagHelper

[HtmlTargetElement("secure-content")]
public class MySecureContentTagHelper : SecureContentTagHelper<ApplicationDbContext>
{
    public MySecureContentTagHelper(
        ApplicationDbContext dbContext,
        DynamicAuthorizationOptions authorizationOptions,
        IRoleAccessStore roleAccessStore
        )
        : base(dbContext, authorizationOptions, roleAccessStore)
    {
    }
}

In each view wrap a content or an anchor tag inside secure-content tag:

<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">Home</a></li>
    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="About">About</a></li>
    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Contact">Contact</a></li>
    
    <secure-content asp-area="" asp-controller="Role" asp-action="Index">
        <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Role" asp-action="Index">Role</a></li>
    </secure-content>
    <secure-content asp-area="" asp-controller="Access" asp-action="Index">
        <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Access" asp-action="Index">Access</a></li>
    </secure-content>
</ul>

Don't forget to add your tag halper namespace to _ViewImports.cshtml:

@using SampleMvcWebApp
@addTagHelper *, Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.TagHelpers
@addTagHelper *, SampleMvcWebApp

If you extended IdentityUser or you changed user and role key, you should pass user and role type too. for example:

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser> { ... }
public class MySecureContentTagHelper : SecureContentTagHelper<ApplicationDbContext, ApplicationUser> { ... }

or

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole, int> { ... }
public class MySecureContentTagHelper : SecureContentTagHelper<ApplicationDbContext, ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole, int> { ... }

If you don't want to use the default UI, follow the below steps to discover controllers and actions and give access to the role and then assign role(s) to the user. The next step is discovering controllers and actions. IMvcControllerDiscovery return all controllers and actions that decorated with [Authorize] attribute. IMvcControllerDiscovery.GetControllers() method returns list of MvcControllerInfo:

public class MvcControllerInfo
{
    public string Id => $"{AreaName}:{Name}";

    public string Name { get; set; }

    public string DisplayName { get; set; }

    public string AreaName { get; set; }

    public IEnumerable<MvcActionInfo> Actions { get; set; }
}

public class MvcActionInfo
{
    public string Id => $"{ControllerId}:{Name}";

    public string Name { get; set; }

    public string DisplayName { get; set; }

    public string ControllerId { get; set; }
}

The next step is creating a role to assign access to it. Use RoleManager<> to create role and IRoleAccessStore to store role access.

var role = new IdentityRole { Name = "RoleName" };
var result = await _roleManager.CreateAsync(role);

var controllers = _mvcControllerDiscovery.GetControllers();
var roleAccess = new RoleAccess
{
    Controllers = controllers.First(),
    RoleId = role.Id
};
await _roleAccessStore.AddRoleAccessAsync(roleAccess);

The final step is assigning a created role to a user:

var user = await _userManager.FindByIdAsync("someId");
await _userManager.AddToRolesAsync(user, new [] { "RoleName" });

And now the user only can access those controllers and actions that his roles can access.

Here is an example to create a role and assign access to the role.

public class RoleViewModel
{
    [Required]
    [StringLength(256, ErrorMessage = "The {0} must be at least {2} characters long.")]
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public IEnumerable<MvcControllerInfo> SelectedControllers { get; set; }
}

[DisplayName("Role Management")]
public class RoleController : Controller
{
    private readonly IMvcControllerDiscovery _mvcControllerDiscovery;
    private readonly IRoleAccessStore _roleAccessStore;
    private readonly RoleManager<IdentityRole> _roleManager;

    public RoleController(
        IMvcControllerDiscovery mvcControllerDiscovery,
        IRoleAccessStore roleAccessStore,
        RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager
        )
    {
        _mvcControllerDiscovery = mvcControllerDiscovery;
        _roleManager = roleManager;
        _roleAccessStore = roleAccessStore;
    }

    // GET: Role/Create
    [DisplayName("Create Role")]
    public ActionResult Create()
    {
        var controllers = _mvcControllerDiscovery.GetControllers();
        ViewData["Controllers"] = controllers;

        return View();
    }
    
    // POST: Role/Create
    [HttpPost, ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Create(RoleViewModel viewModel)
    {
        if (!ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            ViewData["Controllers"] = _mvcControllerDiscovery.GetControllers();
            return View(viewModel);
        }

        var role = new IdentityRole { Name = viewModel.Name };
        var result = await _roleManager.CreateAsync(role);

        if (!result.Succeeded)
        {
            foreach (var error in result.Errors)
                ModelState.AddModelError("", error.Description);

            ViewData["Controllers"] = _mvcControllerDiscovery.GetControllers();
            return View(viewModel);
        }

        if (viewModel.SelectedControllers != null && viewModel.SelectedControllers.Any())
        {
            foreach (var controller in viewModel.SelectedControllers)
                foreach (var action in controller.Actions)
                    action.ControllerId = controller.Id;

            var roleAccess = new RoleAccess
            {
                Controllers = viewModel.SelectedControllers.ToList(),
                RoleId = role.Id
            };
            await _roleAccessStore.AddRoleAccessAsync(roleAccess);
        }

        return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
    }
}

Checkout samples to view full implementation.

To implement DynamicAuthorization step by step by yourself checkout manual branch.