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Separate reserves into creation and constraints #580

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Nov 16, 2023
Merged

Separate reserves into creation and constraints #580

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cf0be07
Separate reserves into creation and constraints
cfe316 Nov 15, 2023
5430025
Refactor for cleanliness
cfe316 Nov 15, 2023
08d4258
Fix sum over empty expression
cfe316 Nov 15, 2023
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61 changes: 40 additions & 21 deletions src/model/core/reserves.jl
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -217,6 +217,13 @@

REG = inputs["REG"]
RSV = inputs["RSV"]
STOR_ALL = inputs["STOR_ALL"]

pDemand = inputs["pD"]
pP_Max(y, t) = inputs["pP_Max"][y, t]

systemwide_hourly_demand = sum(pDemand, dims=2)
must_run_vre_generation(t) = sum(pP_Max(y, t) * EP[:eTotalCap][y] for y in intersect(inputs["VRE"], inputs["MUST_RUN"]); init=0)

### Variables ###

Expand All @@ -228,27 +235,27 @@

# Storage techs have two pairs of auxilary variables to reflect contributions to regulation and reserves
# when charging and discharging (primary variable becomes equal to sum of these auxilary variables)
@variable(EP, vREG_discharge[y in intersect(inputs["STOR_ALL"], REG), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to regulation (primary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)
@variable(EP, vRSV_discharge[y in intersect(inputs["STOR_ALL"], RSV), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to operating reserves (secondary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)
@variable(EP, vREG_charge[y in intersect(inputs["STOR_ALL"], REG), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to regulation (primary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)
@variable(EP, vRSV_charge[y in intersect(inputs["STOR_ALL"], RSV), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to operating reserves (secondary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)
@variable(EP, vREG_discharge[y in intersect(STOR_ALL, REG), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to regulation (primary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)
@variable(EP, vRSV_discharge[y in intersect(STOR_ALL, RSV), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to operating reserves (secondary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)
@variable(EP, vREG_charge[y in intersect(STOR_ALL, REG), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to regulation (primary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)
@variable(EP, vRSV_charge[y in intersect(STOR_ALL, RSV), t=1:T] >= 0) # Contribution to operating reserves (secondary reserves) (mirrored variable used for storage devices)

@variable(EP, vUNMET_RSV[t=1:T] >= 0) # Unmet operating reserves penalty/cost

### Expressions ###
## Total system reserve expressions
# Regulation requirements as a percentage of demand and scheduled variable renewable energy production in each hour
# Reg up and down requirements are symmetric
@expression(EP, eRegReq[t=1:T], inputs["pReg_Req_Demand"]*sum(inputs["pD"][t,z] for z=1:Z) +
inputs["pReg_Req_VRE"]*sum(inputs["pP_Max"][y,t]*EP[:eTotalCap][y] for y in intersect(inputs["VRE"], inputs["MUST_RUN"])))
@expression(EP, eRegReq[t=1:T], inputs["pReg_Req_Demand"] * systemwide_hourly_demand[t] +
inputs["pReg_Req_VRE"] * must_run_vre_generation(t))
# Operating reserve up / contingency reserve requirements as ˚a percentage of demand and scheduled variable renewable energy production in each hour
# and the largest single contingency (generator or transmission line outage)
@expression(EP, eRsvReq[t=1:T], inputs["pRsv_Req_Demand"]*sum(inputs["pD"][t,z] for z=1:Z) +
inputs["pRsv_Req_VRE"]*sum(inputs["pP_Max"][y,t]*EP[:eTotalCap][y] for y in intersect(inputs["VRE"], inputs["MUST_RUN"])))
@expression(EP, eRsvReq[t=1:T], inputs["pRsv_Req_Demand"] * systemwide_hourly_demand[t] +
inputs["pRsv_Req_VRE"] * must_run_vre_generation(t))

# N-1 contingency requirement is considered only if Unit Commitment is being modeled
if UCommit >= 1 && (inputs["pDynamic_Contingency"] >= 1 || inputs["pStatic_Contingency"] > 0)
EP[:eRsvReq] = EP[:eRsvReq] + EP[:eContingencyReq]
add_to_expression!(EP[:eRsvReq], EP[:eContingencyReq])

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end

## Objective Function Expressions ##
Expand All @@ -259,17 +266,29 @@
sum(dfGen[y,:Reg_Cost]*vRSV[y,t] for y in RSV, t=1:T) +
sum(dfGen[y,:Rsv_Cost]*vREG[y,t] for y in REG, t=1:T) )
add_to_expression!(EP[:eObj], eTotalCRsvPen)
end

### Constraints ###

## Total system reserve constraints
# Regulation requirements as a percentage of demand and scheduled variable renewable energy production in each hour
# Note: frequencty regulation up and down requirements are symmetric and all resources contributing to regulation are assumed to contribute equal capacity to both up and down directions
if !isempty(REG)
@constraint(EP, cReg[t=1:T], sum(vREG[y,t] for y in REG) >= EP[:eRegReq][t])
end
if !isempty(RSV)
@constraint(EP, cRsvReq[t=1:T], sum(vRSV[y,t] for y in RSV) + vUNMET_RSV[t] >= EP[:eRsvReq][t])
end

function reserves_constraints!(EP, inputs)
T = inputs["T"] # Number of time steps (hours)

REG = inputs["REG"]
RSV = inputs["RSV"]
vREG = EP[:vREG]
vRSV = EP[:vRSV]
vUNMET_RSV = EP[:vUNMET_RSV]
eRegulationRequirement = EP[:eRegReq]
eReserveRequirement = EP[:eRsvReq]

## Total system reserve constraints
# Regulation requirements as a percentage of demand and scheduled
# variable renewable energy production in each hour.
# Note: frequency regulation up and down requirements are symmetric and all resources
# contributing to regulation are assumed to contribute equal capacity to both up
# and down directions
if !isempty(REG)
@constraint(EP, cReg[t=1:T], sum(vREG[y,t] for y in REG) >= eRegulationRequirement[t])
end
if !isempty(RSV)
@constraint(EP, cRsvReq[t=1:T], sum(vRSV[y,t] for y in RSV) + vUNMET_RSV[t] >= eReserveRequirement[t])
end
end
10 changes: 7 additions & 3 deletions src/model/generate_model.jl
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ function generate_model(setup::Dict,inputs::Dict,OPTIMIZER::MOI.OptimizerWithAtt
EP[:eObj] = AffExpr(0.0)

create_empty_expression!(EP, :eGenerationByZone, (Z, T))

# Energy losses related to technologies
create_empty_expression!(EP, :eELOSSByZone, Z)

# Initialize Capacity Reserve Margin Expression
if setup["CapacityReserveMargin"] > 0
create_empty_expression!(EP, :eCapResMarBalance, (inputs["NCapacityReserveMargin"], T))
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -191,6 +191,10 @@ function generate_model(setup::Dict,inputs::Dict,OPTIMIZER::MOI.OptimizerWithAtt

# Policies

if setup["Reserves"] > 0
reserves_constraints!(EP, inputs)
end

# CO2 emissions limits
if setup["CO2Cap"] > 0
co2_cap!(EP, inputs, setup)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -236,4 +240,4 @@ function generate_model(setup::Dict,inputs::Dict,OPTIMIZER::MOI.OptimizerWithAtt
end

return EP
end
end