CO2 module and fuel module

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 ## Unreleased
 
 ### Added
+- Feature CO2 and fuel module (#536)
+  Adds a fuel module which enables modeling of fuel usage via (1) a constant heat rate and (2) 
+  piecewise-linear approximation of heat rate curves. 
+  Adds a CO2 module that determines the CO2 emissions based on fuel consumption, CO2 capture 
+  fraction, and whether the feedstock is biomass.
 - Feature electrolysis basic (#525)
   Adds hydrogen electrolyzer model which enables the addition of hydrogen electrolyzer
   demands along with optional clean supply constraints.

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/CO2_cap.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+,Network_zones,CO_2_Cap_Zone_1,CO_2_Max_tons_MWh_1,CO_2_Max_Mtons_1
+NE,z1,1,0,0

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Demand_data.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Voll,Demand_Segment,Cost_of_Demand_Curtailment_per_MW,Max_Demand_Curtailment,$/MWh,Rep_Periods,Timesteps_per_Rep_Period,Sub_Weights,Time_Index,Demand_MW_z1
+2000,1,1,1,2000,1,24,8760,1,10000
+,2,0.9,0.04,1800,,,,2,9500
+,3,0.55,0.024,1100,,,,3,9000
+,4,0.2,0.003,400,,,,4,8500
+,,,,,,,,5,8000
+,,,,,,,,6,7500
+,,,,,,,,7,8000
+,,,,,,,,8,8500
+,,,,,,,,9,9000
+,,,,,,,,10,9500
+,,,,,,,,11,10000
+,,,,,,,,12,10500
+,,,,,,,,13,11000
+,,,,,,,,14,11500
+,,,,,,,,15,12000
+,,,,,,,,16,12500
+,,,,,,,,17,13000
+,,,,,,,,18,14000
+,,,,,,,,19,15000
+,,,,,,,,20,16000
+,,,,,,,,21,17000
+,,,,,,,,22,16000
+,,,,,,,,23,15000
+,,,,,,,,24,14000

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Fuels_data.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Time_Index,NG,Biomass
+0,0.05306,0.095
+1,4,8
+2,4,8
+3,4,8
+4,4,8
+5,4,8
+6,4,8
+7,4,8
+8,4,8
+9,4,8
+10,4,8
+11,4,8
+12,4,8
+13,4,8
+14,4,8
+15,4,8
+16,4,8
+17,4,8
+18,4,8
+19,4,8
+20,4,8
+21,4,8
+22,4,8
+23,4,8
+24,4,8

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Generators_data.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Resource,Zone,THERM,MUST_RUN,STOR,FLEX,HYDRO,VRE,LDS,Num_VRE_Bins,New_Build,Existing_Cap_MW,Existing_Cap_MWh,Existing_Charge_Cap_MW,Max_Cap_MW,Max_Cap_MWh,Max_Charge_Cap_MW,Min_Cap_MW,Inv_Cost_per_MWyr,Inv_Cost_per_MWhyr,Inv_Cost_Charge_per_MWyr,Fixed_OM_Cost_per_MWyr,Fixed_OM_Cost_per_MWhyr,Fixed_OM_Cost_Charge_per_MWyr,Var_OM_Cost_per_MWh,Var_OM_Cost_per_MWh_In,Heat_Rate_MMBTU_per_MWh,Fuel,Cap_Size,Start_Cost_per_MW,Start_Fuel_MMBTU_per_MW,Up_Time,Down_Time,Ramp_Up_Percentage,Ramp_Dn_Percentage,Min_Power,Eff_Up,Eff_Down,Resource_Type,region,cluster,PWFU_Slope_1,PWFU_Intercept_1,PWFU_Slope_2,PWFU_Intercept_2,CO2_Capture_Fraction,CO2_Capture_Fraction_Startup,CCS_Disposal_Cost_per_Metric_Ton,Biomass
+onshore_wind,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,15000,0,0,-1,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,None,100,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,onshore_wind_turbine,NE,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+natural_gas_combined_cycle_ccs,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15000,0,0,-1,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,NG,250,91,2,6,6,0.64,0.64,0.468,1,1,natural_gas_fired_combined_cycle_ccs,NE,1,6,400,7.2,200,0.9,0.6,20,0
+biomass_ccs,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,300,0,0,-1,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,10,0,10,Biomass,300,91,2,6,6,0.64,0.64,0.468,1,1,biomass_ccs,NE,1,0,0,0,0,0.9,0.6,20,1

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Generators_variability.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Time_Index,onshore_wind
+1,0.889717042
+2,0.877715468
+3,0.903424203
+4,0.895153165
+5,0.757258117
+6,0.630928695
+7,0.557177782
+8,0.6072492
+9,0.423417866
+10,0.007470775
+11,0.002535942
+12,0.002153709
+13,0.00445132
+14,0.007711587
+15,0.100848213
+16,0.201802149
+17,0.141933054
+18,0.567022562
+19,0.946024895
+20,0.923394203
+21,0.953386247
+22,0.929205418
+23,0.849528909
+24,0.665570974

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# PiecewiseFuel_CO2
+
+**PiecewiseFuel_CO2** is a 24 hr example and contains only one zone. It is condensed for easy and quick testing of CO2, biomass, and piecewise fuel usage related functions of the GenX. This testing 
+system only includes natural gas ccs, wind, and biomass with ccs, all set at a fixed initial 
+capacity, and does not allow for building additional capacity."
+
+To run the model, first navigate to the example directory at `GenX/Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2`:
+
+`cd("Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2")`
+
+Next, ensure that your settings in `GenX_settings.yml` are correct. The default settings use the solver HiGHS (`Solver: HiGHS`). A mass-based carbon cap of 0 t CO<sub>2</sub> (net-zero) is specified in the `CO2_cap.csv` input file.
+
+Once the settings are confirmed, run the model with the `Run.jl` script in the example directory:
+
+`include("Run.jl")`
+
+Once the model has completed, results will write to the `Results` directory.

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Run.jl

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+using GenX
+
+run_genx_case!(dirname(@__FILE__))

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Settings/genx_settings.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+## Model settings
+# --------------
+
+# Number of segments used in piecewise linear approximation of transmission losses;
+#  1 = linear
+# >2 = piecewise quadratic
+Trans_Loss_Segments: 1
+
+# Unit committment of thermal power plants;
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active using integer clustering
+# 2 = active using linearized clustering
+UCommit: 2
+
+## Policy settings
+# ---------------
+
+# Regulation (primary) and operating (secondary) reserves
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active systemwide
+# Reserves: 0
+
+# Minimum qualifying renewables penetration
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active systemwide
+# EnergyShareRequirement: 0
+
+# Number of capacity reserve margin constraints
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active systemwide
+# CapacityReserveMargin: 0
+
+# CO2 emissions cap
+# 0 = not active (no CO2 emission limit)
+# 1 = mass-based emission limit constraint
+# 2 = demand + rate-based emission limit constraint
+# 3 = generation + rate-based emission limit constraint
+CO2Cap: 1
+
+# Let lost energy be accounted for in Energy Share Requirement and CO2 constraints
+# 0 = not active (DO NOT account for energy lost);
+# 1 = active systemwide (DO account for energy lost)
+# StorageLosses: 0
+
+# Activate minimum technology carveout constraints
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active
+# MinCapReq: 0
+
+# Activate maximum technology limits
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active
+# MaxCapReq: 0
+#
+# Transmission network expansion
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active systemwide
+# NetworkExpansion: 1
+
+# Hydrogen electrolyzer hourly supply matching required?
+# 0 = constraint ot active
+# 1 = constraint active for all electrolyzer resources
+#HydrogenHourlyMatching: 0
+
+## Solver settings
+# ----------------
+
+# Available solvers: Gurobi, CPLEX, Clps
+#Solver: HiGHS
+
+# Internally scale demand, capacity and power variables in GW rather than MW.
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active systemwide
+ParameterScale: 1
+
+# Time domain reduce (i.e. cluster) inputs based on demand, resource availability profiles, and fuel prices;
+# 0 = not active (use input data as provided)
+# 1 = active (cluster input data, or use data that has already been clustered)
+#TimeDomainReduction: 0
+
+# Directory where results from time domain reduction will be saved.
+# If results already exist, these will be used without running time domain reduction script again.
+#TimeDomainReductionFolder: "TDR_Results"
+
+## Output settings
+# ----------------
+
+# Write shadow prices of LP or relaxed MILP
+# 0 = not active
+# 1 = active
+WriteShadowPrices: 1
+
+# Overwrite existing results in output folder or create a new one;
+# 0 = create new folder
+# 1 = overwrite existing results
+# OverwriteResults: 0
+
+# Write the model formulation as an output;
+# 0 = active
+# 1 = not active
+# PrintModel: 0

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Settings/gurobi_settings.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Gurobi Solver Parameters
+# Common solver settings
+Feasib_Tol: 1.0e-05           # Constraint (primal) feasibility tolerances.
+Optimal_Tol: 1e-5             # Dual feasibility tolerances.
+TimeLimit: 110000             # Limits total time solver.
+Pre_Solve: 1                  # Controls presolve level.
+Method: 2                  # Algorithm used to solve continuous models (including MIP root relaxation).
+
+#Gurobi-specific solver settings
+MIPGap: 1e-3                  # Relative (p.u. of optimal) mixed integer optimality tolerance for MIP problems (ignored otherwise).
+BarConvTol: 1.0e-08           # Barrier convergence tolerance (determines when barrier terminates).
+NumericFocus: 0               # Numerical precision emphasis.
+Crossover: 0                # Barrier crossver strategy.
+PreDual: 0                    # Decides whether presolve should pass the primal or dual linear programming problem to the LP optimization algorithm.
+AggFill: 10                   # Allowed fill during presolve aggregation.

Example_Systems/PiecewiseFuel_CO2_Example/Settings/highs_settings.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# HiGHS Solver Parameters
+# Common solver settings
+Feasib_Tol: 1.0e-05        # Primal feasibility tolerance # [type: double, advanced: false, range: [1e-10, inf], default: 1e-07]
+Optimal_Tol: 1.0e-05       # Dual feasibility tolerance # [type: double, advanced: false, range: [1e-10, inf], default: 1e-07]
+TimeLimit: 1.0e23             # Time limit # [type: double, advanced: false, range: [0, inf], default: inf]
+Pre_Solve: choose          # Presolve option: "off", "choose" or "on" # [type: string, advanced: false, default: "choose"]
+Method: choose             #HiGHS-specific solver settings # Solver option: "simplex", "choose" or "ipm" # [type: string, advanced: false, default: "choose"]
+
+#highs-specific solver settings
+
+# run the crossover routine for ipx
+# [type: string, advanced: "on", range: {"off", "on"}, default: "off"]
+run_crossover: "off"

docs/src/core.md

@@ -29,8 +29,14 @@ Pages = ["transmission.jl"]
 Modules = [GenX]
 Pages = ["ucommit.jl"]
 ```
-## Emissions
+## CO2
 ```@autodocs
 Modules = [GenX]
-Pages = ["emissions.jl"]
+Pages = ["co2.jl"]
+```
+
+## Fuel
+```@autodocs
+Modules = [GenX]
+Pages = ["fuel.jl"]
 ```

docs/src/data_documentation.md

@@ -384,11 +384,23 @@ This file contains cost and performance parameters for various generators and ot
 |MinCapTag\_*| Eligibility of resources to participate in Minimum Technology Carveout constraint. \* corresponds to the ith row of the file `Minimum_capacity_requirement.csv`. Note that this eligibility must be 0 for co-located VRE-STOR resources (policy inputs are read from the specific VRE-STOR dataframe).|
 |**MaxCapReq = 1**|
 |MaxCapTag\_*| Eligibility of resources to participate in Maximum Technology Carveout constraint. \* corresponds to the ith row of the file `Maximum_capacity_requirement.csv`. Note that this eligibility must be 0 for co-located VRE-STOR resources (policy inputs are read from the specific VRE-STOR dataframe).|
+|**PiecewiseFuelUsage-related parameters required if any resources have nonzero PWFU_Slope and PWFU_Intercept**|
+|PWFU\_Slope\_*i| The slope (MMBTU/MWh) of segment i for the piecewise-linear fuel usage approximation|
+|PWFU\_Intercept\_*i| The intercept (MMBTU) of segment i for the piecewise-linear fuel usage approximation|
 |**Electrolyzer related parameters required if the set ELECTROLYZER is not empty**|
 |Hydrogen_MWh_Per_Tonne| Electrolyzer efficiency in megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity per metric tonne of hydrogen produced (MWh/t)|
 |Electrolyzer_Min_kt| Minimum annual quantity of hydrogen that must be produced by electrolyzer in kilotonnes (kt)|
 |Hydrogen_Price_Per_Tonne| Price (or value) of hydrogen per metric tonne ($/t)|
 |Qualified_Hydrogen_Supply| {0,1}, Indicates that generator or storage resources is eligible to supply electrolyzers in the same zone (used for hourly clean supply constraint)|
+|**CO2-related parameters required if any resources have nonzero CO2_Capture_Fraction**|
+|CO2\_Capture\_Fraction  |[0,1], The CO2 capture fraction of CCS-equipped power plants during steady state operation. This value should be 0 for generators without CCS. |
+|CO2\_Capture\_Fraction\_Startup  |[0,1], The CO2 capture fraction of CCS-equipped power plants during the startup events. This value should be 0 for generators without CCS |
+|Biomass | {0, 1}, Flag to indicate if generator uses biomass as feedstock (optional input column).|
+||Biomass = 0: Not part of set (default). |
+||Biomass = 1: Uses biomass as fuel.|
+|CCS\_Disposal\_Cost\_per\_Metric_Ton | Cost associated with CCS disposal ($/tCO2), including pipeline, injection and storage costs of CCS-equipped generators.|
+
+
 
 ### 2.2 Optional inputs files
 

src/configure_settings/configure_settings.jl

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ function default_settings()
         "MethodofMorris" => 0,
         "IncludeLossesInESR" => 0,
         "EnableJuMPStringNames" => false,
-        "HydrogenHourlyMatching" => 0,
+        "HydrogenHourlyMatching" => 0
     )
 end
 

src/load_inputs/load_fuels_data.jl

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 @doc raw"""
-    load_fuels_data!(setup::Dict, path::AbstractString, inputs::Dict)
-
+load_fuels_data!(setup::Dict, path::AbstractString, inputs::Dict)
 Read input parameters related to fuel costs and CO$_2$ content of fuels
 """
 function load_fuels_data!(setup::Dict, path::AbstractString, inputs::Dict)
@@ -32,9 +31,10 @@ function load_fuels_data!(setup::Dict, path::AbstractString, inputs::Dict)
     scale_factor = setup["ParameterScale"] == 1 ? ModelScalingFactor : 1
 
     for i = 1:length(fuels)
+            # fuel cost is in $/MMBTU w/o scaling, $/Billon BTU w/ scaling
             fuel_costs[fuels[i]] = costs[:,i] / scale_factor
-            # fuel_CO2 is kton/MMBTU with scaling, or ton/MMBTU without scaling.
-            fuel_CO2[fuels[i]] = CO2_content[i] / scale_factor
+            # No need to scale fuel_CO2, fuel_CO2 is ton/MMBTU or kton/Billion BTU 
+            fuel_CO2[fuels[i]] = CO2_content[i] 
     end
 
     inputs["fuels"] = fuels