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flanakin authored Oct 11, 2023
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32 changes: 32 additions & 0 deletions specification/dimensions/commitmentdiscountid.md
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# Commitment Discount ID

A commitment-based discount is a contractual commitment for an amount of usage or spend throughout a specified term, in exchange for discounted unit pricing on that amount. The commitment may be based on quantities of resource units or monetary value, with various payment options and time frames.

A Commitment Discount ID is the identifier assigned to a commitment-based discount by the provider. Commitment Discount ID is commonly used for scenarios like chargeback for commitments and savings per commitment-based discount.

The CommitmentDiscountId column MUST be present in the billing data. This column must be of type String and MUST NOT contain null values when a charge is related to a commitment-based discount. When a charge is not associated with a commitment-based discount, the column MUST be null. CommitmentDiscountId MUST be unique within the provider.

## Column ID

CommitmentDiscountId

## Display name

Commitment Discount ID

## Description

The identifier assigned to a commitment-based discount by the provider.

## Content constraints

| Constraint | Value |
|:----------------|:-----------------|
| Column required | True |
| Data type | String |
| Allows nulls | True |
| Value format | \<not specified> |

## Introduced (version)

1.0
32 changes: 32 additions & 0 deletions specification/dimensions/commitmentdiscountname.md
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# Commitment Discount Name

A commitment-based discount is a contractual commitment for an amount of usage or spend throughout a specified term, in exchange for discounted unit pricing on that amount. The commitment may be based on quantities of resource units or monetary value, with various payment options and time frames.

A Commitment Discount Name is the display name assigned to a commitment-based discount.

The CommitmentDiscountName column MUST be present in the billing data. This column must be of type String. The CommitmentDiscountName value MUST be null if the charge is not related to a commitment-based discount and MAY be null if a display name cannot be assigned to a commitment-based discount. CommitmentDiscountName MUST NOT be null if a display name can be assigned to a commitment-based discount.

## Column ID

CommitmentDiscountName

## Display name

Commitment Discount Name

## Description

The display name assigned to a commitment-based discount.

## Content constraints

| Constraint | Value |
|:----------------|:-----------------|
| Column required | True |
| Data type | String |
| Allows nulls | True |
| Value format | \<not specified> |

## Introduced (version)

1.0
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions specification/dimensions/dimensions.mdpp
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Expand Up @@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ dimensions to categorize, filter, and reveal details in your data when grouped w
!INCLUDE "chargeperiodend.md",1
!INCLUDE "chargeperiodstart.md",1
!INCLUDE "chargetype.md",1
!INCLUDE "commitmentdiscountid.md",1
!INCLUDE "commitmentdiscountname.md",1
!INCLUDE "commitmentdiscounttype.md",1
!INCLUDE "invoiceissuer.md",1
!INCLUDE "provider.md",1
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31 changes: 31 additions & 0 deletions specification/metrics/listunitprice.md
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# List Unit Price

The List Unit Price represents the suggested provider published unit price for a single pricing measurement unit, which incorporates volume/tier-based rates while excluding any negotiated or commitment-based discounts. This price is denominated in the [Billing Currency](#billingcurrency). It is used to calculate List Cost and savings based on rate optimization activities.

The ListUnitPrice column MUST be present in the billing data. This column MUST be a numeric value of type Decimal within the range of non-negative decimal values. It MUST NOT contain null values in cases where the [ChargeType](#chargetype) is 'usage' or 'purchase'. When ListUnitPrice is not null, multiplying ListUnitPrice by [QuantityInPricingUnit](#quantityinpricingunit) MUST equal [ListCost](#listcost).

## Column ID

ListUnitPrice

## Display name

List Unit Price

## Description

Represents the suggested provider published price for a single pricing measurement unit, which incorporates volume/tier-based reductions while excluding any negotiated or commitment-based discounts.

## Content Constraints

| Constraint | Value |
|:----------------|:-------------------------------------|
| Column required | True |
| Data type | Decimal |
| Allows nulls | True |
| Value format | Numeric value |
| Number range | Any valid non-negative decimal value |

## Introduced (version)

1.0
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions specification/metrics/metrics.mdpp
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Expand Up @@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ operations. When combined with dimensions (which are qualitative value columns),

!INCLUDE "effectivecost.md",1
!INCLUDE "billedcost.md",1
!INCLUDE "listunitprice.md",1
86 changes: 86 additions & 0 deletions supporting_content/appendix/quantity_driven_pricing_strategies.md
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# Quantity-Driven Pricing Strategies

## Introduction

Providers employ two primary approaches for pricing their offerings: flat-rate pricing and quantity-dependent pricing.

### Flat-Rate Pricing

With flat-rate pricing, each pricing unit is assigned a fixed price, regardless of the quantity being consumed. This pricing strategy is characterized by its simplicity, as customers are charged a consistent rate, making it easy to forecast costs.

### Quantity-Dependent Pricing (Usage-Dependent Pricing)

Quantity-dependent pricing, also referred to as usage-dependent pricing, takes into account the quantity and adjusts pricing accordingly. This approach involves configuring multiple price tiers, each defined by a specific quantity range and associated unit prices, such as ListUnitPrice, NegotiatedUnitPrice, BilledUnitPrice, etc.

Typically, higher usage tiers feature lower unit prices, offering users the advantage of reduced unit costs as their usage expands. Additionally, quantity-dependent pricing may include a **free-tier**, a special price tier designed for an introductory usage level.

Two common quantity-dependent pricing strategies are volume-based pricing and tier-based pricing. While both strategies reset the count of charged units at the beginning of each billing period, they differ in how charges are categorized into different price tiers:

* **volume-based pricing:** This strategy adjusts unit prices based on the total usage within a specific billing period, affecting all charges within it. Customers benefit from reduced unit costs as their overall usage increases.
* **tier-based pricing:** In tier-based pricing, unit prices change as the number of charged units increases. You are charged for the consumed quantity within each tier based on the associated unit price for each tier.

For better comprehension, please refer to the sample price-tiers configuration and UC scenarios, provided in Fictional Use Case scenarios.

## Example usage scenarios

### Fictional Use Case scenarios

#### Sample price-tiers configuration

| | Lower Tier | Higher Tier |
|:---------------------------|:-----------|:------------|
| List Unit Price | 1 | 0.50 |
| Pricing currency | USD | USD |
| Starting Range (inclusive) | 0 | 10GB |
| Ending Range (exclusive) | 10 | 100 |
| Pricing Unit | 1GB | 1GB |
| Enterprise discount | 10% | 10% |

#### UC scenarios for different (sub)types of pricing mechanisms

| Scenario | Description |
|:---------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S-1 | Tier-based pricing: 12GB of usage falls into two different tiers, resulting in two separate charge records. |
| S-2 | Volume-based pricing: 12GB of usage falls into the highest tier, resulting in a single charge record. |

#### Sample Billing data

| Scenario | QuantityInPricingUnit | PricingUnit | ListUnitPrice | NegotiatedUnitPrice | BilledUnitPrice | PricingCurrency | BillingCurrency | ListCost | BilledCost | EffectiveCost |
|:----|---:|:----|-----:|-----:|-----:|:----|:----|---:|----:|----:|
| S-1 | 10 | 1GB | 1 | 0.90 | 0.90 | USD | USD | 10 | 9 | 9 |
| S-1 | 2 | 1GB | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.45 | USD | USD | 1 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| S-2 | 12 | 1GB | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.45 | USD | USD | 6 | 5.4 | 5.4 |

### Current values observed in billing data for various scenarios

| Provider | Scenario | ListUnitPrice Pattern | BilledUnitPrice Pattern |
|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:------------------------|
| AWS | Flat-rate based pricing<br>SKU: E9YHNFENF4XQBZR6 | pricing/publicOnDemandRate: 0.000005 | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| AWS | Quantity-dependent pricing<br> ??? *TODO: look for a higher tier sample* | pricing/publicOnDemandRate: ??? *TODO: look for a higher tier sample* | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| GCP | Flat-rate based pricing | Not available | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| GCP | Quantity-dependent pricing | Not available | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| Microsoft | Flat-rate based pricing - PAYG<br>meterId: b9e5e77c-a0b3-4a2c-9b8b-57fa54f31c52 | PayGPrice: 0.00036 | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| Microsoft | Flat-rate based pricing - CSP<br>meterId: b9e5e77c-a0b3-4a2c-9b8b-57fa54f31c52 | PayGPrice: 0.0003707 | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| Microsoft | Quantity-dependent pricing - PAYG<br>meterId: 9995d93a-7d35-4d3f-9c69-7a7fea447ef4 | PayGPrice: 0.087 | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| Microsoft | Quantity-dependent pricing - CSP<br>meterId: 9995d93a-7d35-4d3f-9c69-7a7fea447ef4 | PayGPrice: 0.087 | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| OCI | Flat-rate based pricing | Not available | *TODO: Add sample data* |
| OCI | Quantity-dependent pricing | Not available | *TODO: Add sample data* |

### Alternative data sources for various scenarios

| Provider | Scenario | Data source | Authentication required | Request/Query Sample |
|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------|:------------------------|:---------------------|
| AWS | Flat-rate based and quantity-dependent pricing | AWS Price List API | N | [GET request](https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/offers/v1.0/aws/AmazonS3/current/index.csv) |
| GCP | Flat-rate based pricing | BigQuery Pricing Data Export | Y | Query:<pre>SELECT sku.id AS sku_id, sku.description AS sku_description, service.id AS service_id, service.description as service_description, pricing_unit, pricing_unit_description, account_currency_code, tier.*<br>FROM &grave;my-billing-admin-project.my_billing_dataset.cloud_pricing_export&grave; AS sku_pricing, UNNEST (sku_pricing.list_price.tiered_rates) as tier <br>WHERE TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(_PARTITIONTIME, DAY) = TIMESTAMP("2023-08-24") AND sku.id = "0012-B7F2-DD14"<br>LIMIT 1000;</pre>Response:<pre>[{"sku_id":"0012-B7F2-DD14", "sku_description":"Spot Preemptible Compute optimized Ram running in Montreal", "service_id":"6F81-5844-456A", "service_description":"Compute Engine", "pricing_unit":"GIBIBYTE_HOUR", "pricing_unit_description":"gibibyte hour", "account_currency_code":"USD", "pricing_unit_quantity":"1.0", "start_usage_amount":"0.0", "usd_amount":"0.001537", "account_currency_amount":"0.001537"}]</pre>|
| GCP | Quantity-dependent pricing | BigQuery Pricing Data Export | Y | Query:<pre>SELECT sku.id AS sku_id, sku.description AS sku_description, service.id AS service_id, service.description as service_description, pricing_unit, pricing_unit_description, account_currency_code, tier.*<br>FROM &grave;my-billing-admin-project.my_billing_dataset.cloud_pricing_export&grave; AS sku_pricing, UNNEST (sku_pricing.list_price.tiered_rates) as tier <br>WHERE TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(_PARTITIONTIME, DAY) = TIMESTAMP("2023-08-24") AND sku.id = "3886-1DF3-046E"LIMIT 1000;</pre>Response:<pre>[{"sku_id":"3886-1DF3-046E", "sku_description":"Certificate", "service_id":"3C02-AF97-2288", "service_description":"AppViewX Inc AppViewX-CLM-v2", "pricing_unit":"DAY", "pricing_unit_description":"day", "account_currency_code":"USD", "pricing_unit_quantity":"1.0", "start_usage_amount":"0.0", "usd_amount":"0.0", "account_currency_amount":"0.0"},{"sku_id":"3886-1DF3-046E", "sku_description":"Certificate", "service_id":"3C02-AF97-2288", "service_description":"AppViewX Inc AppViewX-CLM-v2", "pricing_unit":"DAY", "pricing_unit_description":"day", "account_currency_code":"USD", "pricing_unit_quantity":"1.0", "start_usage_amount":"30001.0", "usd_amount":"0.09", "account_currency_amount":"0.09"}...]</pre>|
| GCP | Flat-rate based pricing | GCP Cloud Billing API | Y | [GET request](https://cloudbilling.googleapis.com/v1beta/skus/0012-B7F2-DD14/price?currencyCode=USD) <br><br><pre>{"name":"skus/0012-B7F2-DD14/price", "currencyCode":"USD", "valueType":"rate", "rate":{"tiers":[{"startAmount":{"value":"0"},"listPrice":{"currencyCode":"USD", "nanos":1397000}}],"unitInfo":{"unit":"GiBy.h", "unitDescription":"gibibyte hour", "unitQuantity":{"value":"1"}},"aggregationInfo":{"level":"ACCOUNT", "interval":"MONTHLY"}}}</pre> |
| GCP | Quantity-dependent pricing | GCP Cloud Billing API | Y | [GET request](https://cloudbilling.googleapis.com/v1beta/skus/0012-B7F2-DD14/price?currencyCode=USD) <br><br><pre>{"name":"skus/3886-1DF3-046E/price", "currencyCode":"USD", "valueType":"rate", "rate":{"tiers":[{"startAmount":{"value":"0"},"listPrice":{"currencyCode":"USD"}},{"startAmount":{"value":"300001"},"listPrice":{"currencyCode":"USD", "nanos":47000000}}...],"unitInfo":{"unit":"d", "unitDescription":"day", "unitQuantity":{"value":"1"}},"aggregationInfo":{"level":"LEVEL_ACCOUNT", "interval":"INTERVAL_MONTHLY"}}}</pre> |
| Microsoft | Flat-rate based pricing | Azure Retail Prices REST API | N | [GET request](https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?api-version=2023-01-01-preview&currencyCode=%27EUR%27&meterRegion=%27primary%27&$filter=meterId%20eq%20%27b9e5e77c-a0b3-4a2c-9b8b-57fa54f31c52%27%20and%20location%20eq%20%27EU%20West%27) |
| Microsoft | Quantity-dependent pricing | Azure Retail Prices REST API | N | [GET request](https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?api-version=2023-01-01-preview&currencyCode=%27USD%27&meterRegion=%27primary%27&$filter=meterId%20eq%20%279995d93a-7d35-4d3f-9c69-7a7fea447ef4%27%20%20and%20location%20eq%20%27EU%20West%27&$orderby=tierMinimumUnits%20asc) |
| OCI | Flat-rate based pricing | OCI List Pricing REST API | N | [GET request](https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/cetools/api/v1/products/?currencyCode=EUR&partNumber=B88513) |
| OCI | Quantity-dependent pricing | OCI List Pricing REST API | N | [GET request](https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/cetools/api/v1/products/?currencyCode=EUR&partNumber=B90617) |

## Discussion / Scratch space

* Quantity-driven pricing strategies might not be the most appropriate term
* See [Pricing Support – UCs and Data samples Spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1AZ-vtkKeKwYc8rqhxP1zMTnAVAS-svmWQQmr8cpv-IM/edit#gid=117987709) for additional UC scenarios.
4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions supporting_content/attributes/currency_code_format.md
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Expand Up @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Current column mappings found in available data sets:
| AWS | CUR | CurrencyCode |
| GCP | Big Query Billing Export | Currency |
| Azure | Cost details | BilledCurrency |
| OCI | Cost reports | cost/currencyCode |

## Example usage scenarios

Expand All @@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ Current values observed in billing data for various scenarios:
| AWS | CUR | USD |
| GCP | Big Query Billing Export | EUR |
| Azure | Cost details | JPY |
| OCI | Cost reports | USD |

## Requirements

Expand All @@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ GCP: [Currency](https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/resources/currency)

Azure: [Pricing FAQ](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/faq/)

OCI: [OCI Price List](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/price-list/)

## Discussion / Scratch space

There is a dimension of currency rate conversions for billing data with multiple currencies. See [Currency](https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/resources/currency). We may need to consider adding currency conversion rates to future versions of the specification
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions supporting_content/attributes/datetime_format.md
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Expand Up @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Current column mappings found in available data sets:
| AWS | CUR | lineItem/UsageStartDate, lineItem/UsageEndDate, etc. |
| GCP | Big Query Billing Export | usage_start_time, usage_end_time, etc. |
| Microsoft | Cost details | date, etc. |
| OCI | Cost reports | lineItem/intervalUsageStart, lineItem/intervalUsageEnd |

### Documentation

Expand All @@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ Current values observed in billing data for various scenarios:
| GCP | Big Query Billing Export | 2023-05-13 21:00:00 UTC |
| Microsoft | Cost details via Consumption API (usageDetails) | 2023-05-13T00:00:00Z |
| Microsoft | Cost details via Cost export file | 05/13/2023 |
| OCI | Cost reports | 2022-08-19T01:00Z |

## Discussion / Scratch space

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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions supporting_content/attributes/null_handling.md
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Expand Up @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Current values observed in billing data for various scenarios:
| AWS | CUR | Product_operation shows the type of operation used by a consumer. <br>However, in scenarios where the line item represents tax, this column is set to null. |
| GCP | Big Query Billing Export | Credits.name is null when a credit is not applied. |
| Microsoft | Cost Details | ResourceGroup is null when a charge is not from a resource deployed to a resource group.|
| OCI | Cost reports | product/availabilityDomain is null when resource is an Object Store bucket |

## Discussion / Scratch space

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